九年级英语被动语态语法讲解

被动语态,东关实验中学外语组,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。如：ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态),语态,1）不知道动作的执行者是谁,何时使用被动语态？,Mybikewasstolenyesterday.,2）没有必要指出动作的执行者,Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.,3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者,Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.,被动语态的结构,助动词be+过去分词(be+done),一般现在时：am/is/are+done,一般过去时：was/were+done,一般将来时:willbe/begoingtobe+done,情态动词：must/can/could/may+be+done,现在进行时:be(am/is/are)+being+done,现在完成时:have/has+been+done,被动语态的构成：be+done,各种时态的被动语态：,1.WearegladthattheShenzhenUnderground_verysoon.(2013深圳)A.willbecompletedB.willcompleteC.hascompletedD.hasbeencompleted2.Thecomputer_inJapanin2003andIhavehaditforonlyoneweek.(2013中考)A.wasmadeB.canbemadeC.ismadeD.made,历届中考题,对被动语态句子时态的考核：由时间状语verysoon可以确定该句应该用一般将来时的被动语态。由时间状语in2003(过去的时间)，可以确定该句应该用一般过去时的被动语态。,3.Hewillgofishingifhiswork_.(2013河北)A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone4.Today,theforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust_downtoomanytrees.(2013安徽)A.stoptocutB.stopfromcuttingC.bestoppedtocutD.bestoppedfromcutting,历届中考题,被动语态知识点的综合考核：7.在条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时从句要用现在时，同时该句又应该用被动语态。8.对句式”stopsb.fromdoingsth.”被动语态的考核”sb.bestoppedfromdoingsth.”B选项如果去掉“from”，成为另一句式”stopdoingsth.”，也是对的。,Grade3,主动语态如何变被动语态,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,Englishisspokenbyus.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变介宾谓变bedone时不变（be体现时态，人称和数的变化）,主动语态,被动语态,TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenhelphimwithhomework.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.,FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.,ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.,Heisoftenhelpedwithhomeworkbythem.,ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.,1.Theyboughtacomputerlastterm,bythemlastterm.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were+过去分词,lastyear.,2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.,Manytrees,wereplanted,Acomputer,wasbought,Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedtheroomsforresting.,Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.,Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.,Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.,Theroomswereusedforrestingbythem.,3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：,begoingtobe/willbe+过去分词,1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,bythemintendays.,Thework,willbefinished,2.Tomisgoingtocleantheroomtomorrow.,Theroom,isgoingtobecleaned,byTomtomorrow.,Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon.,Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek.,Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.,Atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.AmycantakegoodcareofGina,byAmy.,Gina,canbetakengoodcareof,2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.,Morewater,shouldbedrunk,byyou.,1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.,Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.,ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.,Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.,Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.,5.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have/hasbeen过去分词,Wehavemadeakey,byus.,Akey,hasbeenmade,2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.,Ourcompositions,havebeenfinished,byus.,被动语态的几种特殊类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）,如：1.Hegavemeabook.,givemeabook,间,直,=giveabooktome,直,间,Iwasgivenabookbyhim.,AbookwasgiventomebyTom.,2.Iboughthimabook.,Hewasboughtabookbyme.,Abookwasboughtforhimbyme.,to:pass,give,show,bring，sell，send，tell，teach，return，lendfor:make,buy,get，choose，cook,Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Iturnedofftheradio.,2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,-Mychildistakengoodcareof.,-Theradiowasturnedoff(byme).,动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成的动词短语的介词和副词。,即hear,watch,see,make,let,这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.,1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.,He,wasseen,toplaybasketballlastSunday.,2.Thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours.,He,ismade,toworkfor10hours.,3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态,Payattentiontothis:,1）像happen,takeplace,不及物动词没有被动语态。,不用被动语态的情况,Atrafficaccident_(happen)justnow.,happened,2）连系动词look,sound,taste,smell等不用被动语态。,Mooncakestastedelicious.,Theideasoundsgreat.,1）当表示主语质地,自身特征的动词open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive与副词well或easily连用时，可用主动语态表被动意义，用作不及物动词。,Thiskindofpenwritessmoothly.,Thiskindofshirt_wellhere.,这种样式的衬衣在这儿很好卖。,sells,主动形式表被动意义,2)在beworthdoing中，doing表被动意义。,Thebookisworthreading.,3)needdoing=needtobedonetobedone表不定式的被动结构。,Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.,Trythis!,1.Lastyear,LiHua,acollegestudent,_toworkfortheOlympicGames.(2008,河北）AischoosingBisCwaschoosingDwaschosen2.-Whosthelittlebabyinthephoto,Susan?-Itsme,thisphoto_tenyearsago.(2008,北京）AtakesBistakenCtookDwastaken3.ItsreportedthattheUndergroundLinesNo.3_inourcityin2010.(2008,南京）AwillbuildBhasbuildCwillbebuiltDhasbeenbuilt4.-Lookatthesignontheright.-Ok,parking_here.(2008，河南）AdoesntallowBisntallowedCdidntallowDwasntallowed,5.-Whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?-Alotofnewroads_,Ithink.(2008,呼尔浩特）AmustbebuiltBhavetobuildCmustbuildDhavebuilt6.-Doyoubelievetherearealiens?-Imafraidnot.Idontthinkaliens_inspace.(2008,黄冈）AcanfindBcanbefoundCcanbefoundedDcantbefound7.-Alice,You_onthephone.-Imcoming.Thanks.(2008,辽宁）AwantBarewantedCarewantingDhavewanted8.Thethief_bythepolicemanalready.（2008,杭州）AiscaughtBcaughtChascaughtDhasbeencaught9.Mary_thesongataparty.(2008,广东）AheardsingBwasheardsungCwasheardtosingDwasheardsing,10.-Whatdoyouthinkofthefootballmatchyesterday?-Well,itssurprising.Thestrongestteamofourschool_.(2008,大连）AwasbeatenBwonCscoredDwasfailed11.-Didyouhaveanyone_thegoldfish?-Yes,Ihadthegoldfish_.(2007,烟台）Afeed,feedBtofeed,fedCfeed,tobefedDfeed,fed12.-DoyouoftenseeWilliam_ontheplayground?-No,heisoftenseen_Chinesekungfuinthepark.Arun,playBrun,toplayCrunning,playDrunning,toplay.(2007,潍坊）13.-WillyoucometojoinusthisSunday?-IwontcomeunlessBob_.(2007,烟台）AisinvitedBwillbeinvitedCcaninvitedDinvites,14.Today,theforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust_downtoomanytrees.(2006,重庆）AstoptocutBstopfromcuttingCbekeptcuttingDbestoppedfromcutting15.-Haveallthestudentsknownthatourclasswillvisitthefactorythisafternoon?-Yes,everystudent_aboutit.(2007,宁波）AhavetoldBhavebeentoldChastoldDhasbeentold16.Thiskindofclothes_well.Andit_.(2007,陕西）Asells,hasbeensoldoutBissold,hasbeensoldoutCwassold,soldoutDsells,soldout,填空（完成被动语态填空）1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.（改为被动语态）Theirclassroom_often_bythemafterschool.2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.（同上）Anewpen_Tomlastweek.,is,cleaned,wasgivenby,Practice,3.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.（同上）English_byalotofpeopleinChinanow.4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.（同上）English_forabouttwoyears.5.Theywillreadthesestory-booksnextmonth.（同上）Thesestory-books_nextmonth.,canbespoken,hasbeenlearned,willberead,5.Doyouliketheskirt?It_soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?Youwerehereanhourago.Who_for?A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait,7._toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays8.Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.Sorry,_already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken,9.Theletter_threedaysagoandit_yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbeg