美国机动车工程师学会(SAE)汽车行业标准：SAE J898人体定位

SAE J898/94年十月重新审核CONTROL LOCATIONS FOR OFF-ROAD WORK MACHINES长途运输的人体定位This document is technically equivalent to ISO 6682.此文档技术上等同于ISO 6682.ForewordThis Reaffirmed Document has been changed only to reflect the new SAE Technical Standards Board Format.前言-这份重新审核的文件是为了反映新的SAE技术标准格式而更新的.1. ScopeThis SAE Standard applies to Construction, General Purpose Industrial, Agricultural, Forestry, and Specialized Mining categories of off-road, self-propelled work machines, as defined in SAE J1116. Powered industrial trucks and agricultural equipment, other than the basic agricultural tractor, are excluded from the scope of this document. The document defines positions for convenient placement of hand- and foot-operated controls derived from the overlapping reach capability of large and small operators. The large operatorapproximates the 95th percentile male, and small operator approximates the 5th percentile female of the U.S. population. 1.适用范围-这份SAE标准适用于建筑,通用工业,农业,林业和特殊采矿业范畴的长途私用推进机械,见SAE J1116详细说明. 除基本农用拖拉机外,其他工业卡车,农业装备车辆等均排除在此文件解释范围内,本文件定义了体形从小的5百分位的美国女司机连续到大的95百分位的美国男司机的手和脚操作的方便放置位置.1.1 PurposeThis document defines zones in which controls used by a seated operator would ordinarily be placed, and is intended as a guide for the design of the operator compartment controls. Constraints peculiar to individual machine or user applications may require modification to these defined zones. The established zones are based upon singular reach capability: appropriate consideration must be made for effort, displacement, and simultaneous operation of two or more controls.1.1目的-本文件定义了就座司机的驾驶控制范围,并且以此作为驾驶室设备设计的导向.如个别机械或使用者有特殊要求,将要求对这些定义的区域做更新.已制定的区域是基于单一的capability:对于effort, displacement, and 两个或以上驾驶员的控制一定要给予适当的考虑.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J1116 JUN86Categories of Off-Highway Self-Propelled Work MachinesSAE J1163 JAN80Method for Determining Operator Seat Location on Agricultural and Construction Machines2 参考2.1 参考出版物-以下出版物对本文所述内容做了一定程度的说明与解释.除非另有说明,会有最新SAE出版物的发行.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J1116 JUN86Categories of Off-Highway Self-Propelled Work MachinesSAE J1163 JAN80Method for Determining Operator Seat Location on Agricultural and Construction Machines3. Definitions3.1 SIPSeat Index Point as defined in SAE J1163 JAN80.3.2 Control DisplacementThe travel or movement of a control through its operational range.13.3 Control LocationThe positions of a control including the corresponding displacement, defined from the SIP.3.4 Primary ControlsControls whose use is frequently or continuously required to maintain operational control of the machine or its functions, such as:3.4.1 MACHINE CONTROLSTransmissions, brakes, steering, engine speed, etc.3.4.2 WORKING TOOL CONTROLSBlade, bucket, ripper, etc.3.5 Secondary ControlsControls that are infrequently used by the operator such as: lights, windshield wipers, starter, heater, air conditioner, etc.3 定义3.1 SI PSAE J1163 JAN80中定义的座椅控制点.3.2 控制行程t驾驶员的行程或运动.3.3控制区域通过SIP的定义, 包括相应座位的驾驶员位置.3.4 首要控制器需要经常频繁维修或控制的控制器,例如:3.4.1机械控制器传动,制动,转向,变速器等.3.4.2劳动工具控制器叶轮,铲斗,松土机等.3.5次级控制器-驾驶员很少操纵的区域,如灯,风挡刮水器,起动器,加热器,空调设备等.3.6 Zones of ComfortPreferred control location zones for primary hand- and foot-operated controls. Both large and small operators should be able to comfortably and quickly reach controls in these zones.3.7 Zones of ReachControl location zones for secondary hand- and foot-operated controls. Both large and small operators should be able to reach controls in these zones from the seated positions, but the operator may be required to rotate, lean forward, or to each side.3.8 XYZ Coordinate SystemCoordinate system used to define the control zone locations:3.8.1 Origin at the SIP.3.8.2 X-AXISFore-aft, positive to the front of the SIP.3.8.3 Y AXISLateral, positive to the right of the SIP.3.8.4 Z AXISVertical, positive upward from the SIP.3.6 舒适区域手和脚的操作控制的第一首选区域.司机无论是95百分位的还是5百分位的都可以在此区域内很快且舒适的达到控制目的.3.7 可达到区域手和脚的操作控制的次要区域. 司机无论是95百分位的还是5百分位的通过努力都能够做到,但一定要旋转身体,探头过去等.3.8 XYZ 坐标系统用来定义控制位置的坐标系统3.8.1 起源与SIP.3.8.2 X-AXIS首部到尾部, 正向对着SIP的前部.3.8.3 Y AXIS横向的, 正向对着SIP的右部.3.8.4 Z AXIS垂直的, 正向对着SIP的上部.3.9 FlexionMovement that changes the angle between body parts.3.10 AbductionMovement in a plane normal to the plane of flexion and directed away from the mid-axis (XZ plane) of the body.3.11 AdductionMovement in a plane normal to the plane of flexion and directed towards or past the mid-axis (XZ plane) of the body.3.12 CircumductionMovement about an axis that circumscribes a cone.4. General ConditionsThe following conditions were utilized to define the control zones:4.1 The seat back cushion has a 10 degree nominal angle aft of the vertical and a width of 500 mm.3.9弯曲-改变了两个物体之间的角度的运动.3.10 外拐运动从一个平面到另一个弯曲面,并且直接离开物体中心面XZ平面的运动.3.11 内收运动从一个平面到另一个弯曲面,并且直接向着物体中心面XZ平面的运动.3.12 环行运动饶一根轴的锥行运动.4.2 The seat has a fore and aft adjustment range of approximately 150 mm. The small operator adjusts the seat to the most forward position, and large operator adjusts the seat to the most rearward position.4.3 Both large and small operators position the seat at the nominal vertical adjustment. Vertical seat adjustment is used by individual operators to account for the anthropometric variations: long legs but short arms; long trunk but short legs, etc.4.4 Large and small operators are defined by body pivot dimensions listed in Table 1.4.2座椅大约有150mm的前后调节的行程.最小体形的能在调节到最前端是坐下,最大体形的能在调节到最后端时坐下.4.3 最大和最小体形的驾驶员都能在竖直调节的座位上坐下.座椅的调节是通过测量人体个体尺寸的变化实现的:长腿短臂,长躯干短腿等等.4.4 大小体形的人体躯干尺寸列在表格一里面了.2表一:人体躯干尺寸摘要形体代号形体大体形司机小体形司机SH肩-臀480396HK臀-膝452372KA膝- 踝445367AA踝-鞋底11998AP踝-踏板(当A 1 = 90度)150124SE肩-肘300247EW肘-腕267220EHg肘-手抓部位394325AT踝-?(当A 1 = 90度)243200H1H2臀-臀(侧面)185125S1S2肩-肩(侧面)376325量纲:mm4.5 Large and small operators are capable of the range of movement angles defined in Table 4.5在表格2中,说明的是大小体形人体运动范围角度的能力表一:人体运动范围角度摘要形体代号角度运动量舒适角度极限角度A1座椅背角后部垂直105-15A2躯干偏移020(左到右)A3臀弯曲状态75-10030-110A4臀内收1010A5臀外放2230A6膝弯曲75-16075-170A7踝弯曲85-10878-115A8肩弯曲-35-85-50-180A9肩内收2020A10肩外放70120A11锁骨环行2020A12肘弯曲60-18045-180量纲:mm4.6 Control location zones are defined by the common reach zones for large and small operator under the conditions in 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5. The profile of the control zones has been established by overlaying the reach dimensions of the large operator when the seat is positioned full aft (75 mm aft of SIP) with that of the small operator when the seat is positioned full forward (75 mm forward of the SIP). The recommended zone boundary is the most restrictive of these two conditions.控制区域是由以4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5.为条件的大小体形人体的可伸及区域确定的.控制区域的外轮廓是通过座椅固定在SIP后75 mm的大体形人,与座椅固定在SIP前75 mm的小体形人体伸及重叠区域确定的.推荐的区域边界是两种极限情况.FIGURE 1SCHEMATIC OF BODY PIVOT DIMENSION NOMENCLATURE图1-人体躯干尺寸命名示意图4.7 These control location zones assume fixed controls and that fitment to the range of large and small operators is accomplished by seat adjustment only. However, adjustment for some or all of the necessary range could be accomplished by adjusting the control itself; i.e., telescoping or adjustable (angle) steering wheel, brake pedals, etc.4.7 这些控制定位区域5. Control Location Zones控制位置区域5.1 Zones of comfort and zones of reach for hand and foot controls are determined in relation to the SIP and are shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The zones will be affected if the seat back angle exceeds 5 degrees variation from 10 degrees aft of the vertical or if the seat back cushion width exceeds 550 mm.在SIP中，舒适区域和手脚可伸及区域的关系就被决定了见图1，2，3。如果座椅靠背角在垂直后靠10度后再超过5度变化范围，或者座椅靠背垫子宽度超过550mm，舒适区域和手脚可伸及区域将受影响。5.2 The zones of comfort and reach have been established assuming the body is free to move within the range of angles defined in Table 2; consequently, if placement of any control or other constraints to body movement are included in the design, the boundary of the zone must be modified accordingly.5.2 在表格2中列出了身体自由移动的范围和转角，确定了舒适区域和手脚可伸及区域。如果设计中的控制件布置约束了身体的运动，那么就需要做适当修正。6. Location of Controls6控制器的布置位置6.1 Figures 2, 3, and 4 shall be used to define control location zones for machines having 150 mm fore-aft seat adjustment. The figures shall be used by positioning the intersections of the vertical (Z), longitudinal (X), and transverse (Y) axis at the SIP location on the machine.6.2 Control locations for machines that have between 100 to 150 mm fore-aft seat adjustment can be derived:6.2.1 Use hand control location zones defined in Figures 2, 3, and 4.6.2.2 Narrow the foot control location zones defined in Figures 2, 3, and 4 by adding one-half the difference in seat adjustment from the X coordinates of the boundaries closest to the SIP and by subtracting half the difference in seat adjustment from the X coordinates of the boundaries farthest from the SIP.6.3 Primary controls, including their displacements, should be located within the zone of comfort. Secondary controls to be operated from the seated position should be within the zone of reach.6.1由于座椅有150mm的前后调节的范围，用图234来说明机械控制件的设计区域。在汽车中通过使用SIP中定义的垂向Z纵向X横向Y的坐标交点来使用下边的图。6.2在座椅调节量前后100-150mm范围内的机械的控制区域要考虑：6.2.1：图234中使用手控制区域。6.2.2：在图234中，通过在最靠近SIP边缘的X轴增加一半的座椅调整量，在最原离SIP边缘的X轴增加一半的座椅调整量减少来减少图234中定义的脚的控制区域。6.3 重要控制器包括他们的移动行程一定要在舒适控制区域内。次要控制器一定要在可伸及区域内能够控制。6.3.1 If a wheel is used for steering, at least 180 degrees of its arc should be located within the zone of comfort.6.4 Controls should be designed to be actuated within the appropriate zones to eliminate potential interference between the body limbs when simultaneously operating hand and foot controls.6.5 The zone of comfort for hand controls may be rotated up to 30 degrees about a vertical axis through the SIP for locating rear equipment controls that are used while the operator is turned in the seat.6.6 The zone of comfort and zone of reach for hand controls are based on the hand grasp point; the zone boundaries may be extended 75 mm when fingertip controls are utilized.6.7 The zone of comfort and zone of reach for foot controls is based upon pedal actuation by the ball of the foot; heel actuated controls may be up to 200 mm aft of the zone boundary.6.3.1如果一个轮子是被用来操作的，那么至少这个轮子180度弧度位于舒适区域。6.4当同时控制手脚时，控制件的设计一定要在合适的区域内，以免可能发生身体各部位的干涉。6.5当驾驶员在座位上转动身体以寻找背后的控制件， 手控制的舒适区域可能是饶通过SIP的垂直轴转动30度的范围。6.6手控制件的舒适区域和可伸及区域是基于手抓点。当使用指尖控制件时，边界范围可能要超过75mm。6.7脚控制件的舒适区域和可伸及区域是脚踩住球的踏点，踵点控制件的控制点可能在此边界后达到200mm的地方。FIGURE2SIDE VIEWZONES OF COMFORT AND REACH (NOTEAVERAGE OPERATOR IS SHOWN WITH SEAT ADJUSTED TO THE MID-RANGE POSITION.)图2-侧视图-舒适区域和可伸及区域（注意平均操作者显示在调整过的座椅到中间行程位置）6FIGURE 3TOP VIEWZONES OF COMFORT AND REACH图3俯视图-舒适区域和可伸及区域FIGURE 4FRONT VIEWZONES OF COMFORT AND REACHPREPARED BY THE SAE HUMAN FACTORS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE SC1MACHINE CONTROLSOPERATOR图4-正视图-舒适区域和可伸及区域SAE人体工程委员会制作SC1机器操控者-操作者APPENDIX ASUMMARY OF COORDINATES FOR DEFINING CONTROL LOCATION ZONESA.1 Coordinates to define the zone of comfort and zone of reach for control location are summarized in Tables A1, A2, A3, and A4. Since the control location zones are symmetrical about the XZ plane, only one-half is defined.The other half can be defined by changing the sign of the Y coordinates.The control location zones are defined by coordinates for the corners of planar surfaces, and by the center of curvature coordinates and the radii of spherical and cylindrical surfaces. The zone of reach for hand controls is defined by planar and cylindrical boundaries that are tangential to the spherical surfaces defined in Table A2.附录A:控制区域坐标定义的摘要A1定义控制舒适区域和可伸及区域的坐标在表A1, A2, A3, A4中概述。由于控制区域是相对于XZ平面对称的，故只做一半的定义。另一半能通过变换Y坐标来得到定义。控制区域通过平面的边角坐标，曲率坐标的中央，球半径和圆柱面来定义的。在A2中，由平面，柱面边界定义的手控制件的舒适和可伸及区域相切于球面。表1-手控制舒适区域和可伸及区域的坐标曲率中心S1点（1）（X,Y,Z）坐标 半径 (-159, 188, 476) R 1 = 734（X,Y,Z）坐标 R 2 = 691 A1(132, 500, 425)A2(132, 500, -100)B1(132, 400, 425)B2(132, 400, -100)C1(230, 250, 425)C2(230, 250, -100)D1(296, 250, 425)D2(296, 250, -100)E1(530, 500, 425)E2(221, 500, -100)F1(573, 400, 425)F2(296, 400, -100)表2-手控制可伸及区域的坐标(X, Y, Z)坐标半径曲率中心(1)SS1(6,283,368)R2=625SS2(245,283,368)R3=625SS1(-160,0,400)R4=450点(1)(X,Y,Z) 坐标G(X=-400)9表3脚控制舒适区域和可伸及区域的坐标曲率中心(1)(X, Y, Z)坐标半径Ks1(446,-75,-32)R4=500点(1)(X, Y, Z)坐标H