表格“话”状语从句

表格“话”状语从句状语从句是在复合句中充当状语，用来修饰谓语动词、形容词和副词的句子。状语从句按其意义和作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步状语从句等。在高考中主要考查一下几个方面： 引导状语从句的从属连词； 主从句的时态、语态； 与其他从句和句型的区别； 从句中的省略。表一 时间状语从句从句类型从属连词区别应用考点突破时间状语从句1. when / while / as2. 表示“一就”的引导词：as soon ashardly when no sooner thanoncethe moment / minute / secondimmediately / directly / instantly / 3. until / tillnot until4. 时间名词 + 从句时间名词主要包括：every timeeach timenext timelast timethe first timethe day / week / year/ morning5. beforesince6. whenever一、when / while / as三个单词都可以表示“当的时候”，when从句中通常是瞬间性动词，while从句中通常是延续性动词，而as引导的从句既可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。when还可以表示“那时（突然），这时（突然）”之意，常用于was / were doing when ; was / were about to do when 等句式中。另外，when还可以作“既然，如果”讲，引导原因状语从句。while可以为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比，对照。while有“虽然”之意，通常位于句首，引导让步状语从句。while还有“只要，趁着”之意，引导条件状语从句。例如：While there is life there is hope.as可以表示“一面一面”，“随着之意。as还表示事态或状态的变化发展过程”Just as是固定短语，意为“正当时”。二、before意为“之后，才.”，“不等就”；“趁”等。三、untilnot until放在句句首，主句用倒装。It is not until that 是强调句型。“直到才”除用not until结构外，否定词还可以是nothing, nobody, nowhere, never, few, little, hardly等。当until / till引导时间状语从句时，在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词，如wait, work, study等；在否定句中主句主要用非延续性动词，如stop, begin, arrive, die, get, married等。一、 在实践、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，但有时也可以再条件句中出现will表示意愿。或用现在完成时代替将来完成时。二、 在no sooner than , hardly when句式中，主句的谓语动词要用过去完成时，从句的谓语动词一般用过去时。三、 主句为“it + be + 一段时间”这一结构中，后边的连词该用before, since还是that，关键是看主句中的时态和整个主从句的意思。分为三种情况：1.如果表示两件事情的发生相隔时间之长或之短，常用before引导从句。它的特点是：主句是现在将来时、过去将来时或一般过去时。It will be + 一段时间 + before 意为“多久之后才”2.如果主句是一般现在时或现在完成时，连词常用since,它表示过去某一动作的发生离现在有多长时间了；从句谓语动词一般是延续性动词或是反复发生过的动作。在it + is + 一段时间 + since 从句中， 时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。例如：It is three years since the war broke out.3.若主句采用过去时态，且表示一段时间的词后有ago时，属强调句型，连词考点例析1._ the Internet is bridging the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.2. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.3. It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan.4. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help.5. I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad.6. _ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive.7. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reasons _ you reach any decision.表二 地点状语从句从句类型从属连词区别应用考点突破地点状语从句wherewherevereverywhereno matter where指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。例如；Where Kate stood last night, Mary is standing now.Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.注意where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别：Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any question.Youd better make a mark where you have any question.此外，where引出的地点状语从句表示地点外，还可以指处境等。如：He said he was happy where he was.考点例析1. A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.2. In peace too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering.3. Everything was placed exactly_ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.表三 原因状语从句从句类型从属连词区别应用考点突破原因状语从句becauseassincenow thatseeing that 鉴于considering that 考虑到in thatbecause可以放在主句的前后，若表示直接因果关系，一般放在主句后。as，since, now that都表示双方都知道得原因，as放在主句前或后;since / now that放在主句前。for为附加原因，与后面的分句可以对前面的分句起补充说明作用，不能用于句首。介词短语可以表示原因的有：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, on account of等。because前可以加修饰词，特别是回答why引导的疑问句时，只能用because引导的从句回答。since引导的从句常在原因已经被对方知道时用，多译为“既然”。for引导的句子语法上不叫原因状语从句，而叫做补充说明原因的并列分句。for前一般是逗号，若前一句太长时，for前也可用句号。考点例析1. Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.2. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.表四 结果状语从句、目的状语从句从句类型从属连词区别应用考点突破结果状语从句so thatso that such that soso + adi. / adv. + that从句so + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that 从句so + many/ much /few/ little + 名词 + that从句such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that 从句such + adj. + 复数名词/ 不可数名词 + that 从句such + a lot of + 名词 + that 从句当so , such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。目的状语从句so thatin order thatfor fear thatin case从句中常用情态动词can, could, may, might 等。in order that 和so that 都为“以便；为了”，in order that 比so that正式，引导状语从句可位于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。For fear that, in case引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用（should）+ 动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that .not 或in order that not 等。句型转换He is so young that he cant join the army.= He is _ _ _ join the army.= He is _ _ _ to join the army.= He is so young _ _ _ join the army.表五 方式状语从句从句类型从属连词区别应用考点突破方式状语从句asas ifas thoughthe way(just) as so是一种常用句型，意为“正如那样， 也一样”，如：Just as the Americans like baseball, so the British like soccer.as if 或as though引导的从句一般用过去的某个时态表示虚拟语气，但如果从句中陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。考点例析1. I have changed it as you suggested.2. Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.3. Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever.表六 条件状语从句从句类型从属连词区别应用考点例析条件状语从句if unless = if notso / as long asin caseon condition thatsuppose / supposingoncebut for while从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表将来，主句用将来时或情态动词加动词原形。1. Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.2. You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.3. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the press difficulties _it gets more financial support from the Europe Union.4. You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast.表七 让步状语从句从句类型从属连词区别应用考点突破让步状语从句although /thougheven though / even ifwhether or疑问词+everno matter +疑问词aswhilewhenalthough /though一般可互换，但不能喝but连用whether or可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是还是；不论是否”，从句中的谓语动词可用动词原形来表示虚拟语气。though还可以用作副词，意为：可是，然而。置于句末。whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。as引导的让步状语从句须倒装，从句中的表语、状语或不及物动词置于句首；如表语是单数名词，无论前面是否有定语修饰，前置时要省略。考点例析1.I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar.2. _ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.3. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life.4. Look at those clouds! Dont worry. _ it rains, we ll still have a great time.表八 比较状语从句从句类型从属连词区别应用考点突破比较状语从句(not) as as(not) the same asas sono比较级thanthe the thanas as 中间加入形容词或副词的原级than前用形容词或副词的比较级the the 句型中，the后面加比较级倍数的表达法：倍数 + as + 原级 + as倍数 + 比较级 + than倍数 + the + of + n.As + adj. + a (an) + 名词 + as = a (an) + 名词 + as + adj. + as状语从句的省略现象在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句中，如果主从句的主语相同，且从句中含有be动词，可以省去从句中的主语和be动词。另外，如果状语从句中的主语it，且谓语动词为be动词时，即使主从句的主语不一致，也可以省略状语从句中的主语it和谓语动词be动词。给下列状语从句中可以省略的成分加上括号。When he was asked, thee politician said nothing.When it is seen from space, the earth looks like a blue ball.If it is heated, water can be turned into vapor. 巩固练习用正确的