SCM-安达信－供应链可视英文版.ppt

SupplyChainVisibilityandLogisticsCollaborationPointofView,DavidA.Hance,NortheastRegion,Stamford,CTNaojiTakeda,NortheastRegion,NewYork,NYM.ChristopherHerrera,NortheastRegion,NewYork,NYJohnScott,NortheastRegion,Roseland,NJApril2001,FinalDraft,DigitalMarketsandSupplyChain,TableofContents,ObjectiveIntroductionSupplyChainandVisibilityCollaborativeLogisticsSolutionsMajorAttributesValuePropositionsofVisibility/CollaborativeLogisticsSolutionsVisibilityandCollaborativeLogisticsSolutionsLandscapeAnalysisVendorMatrixAndersenPointofView,Objective,TheobjectiveoftheDigitalMarkets/SupplyChainTeams“PointofView”istogainacomprehensiveunderstandingofevolvingSupplyChainVisibilityandCollaborativeLogisticssolutionsandhowitwillimpactenterpriseusers.Focuswillbeon:UnderstandingsolutionfromtheentireSupplyChainManagementperspectivesArticulatingfunctionalityandbenefitsLandscapeoffragmentedsolutionsets,Introduction,Introduction:Illustration,Today,67%ofsupplychainexecutivesconducttransactionswithtransportationprovidersmanually(i.e.,face-to-face,phone,fax,ormail).LessthanaquarteruseEDIandlessthanone-tenthusetheInternet.MorganStanleyDeanWitterResearch,August2000,LogisticsChallengesAreReal,Achieve100%accuracyinallcustomerorders?,Getareal-timestatusvisibilityofallshipmentsfromtradingpartners?,Optimizeallmodesoftransportation?,ReceiveshipmentsfromAsiaandEurope?,HowcanI?,WhatDoUsersWantfromB2BConnectivity?,AccordingtoAMRsinterviewof152executivesontheirviewsoftherelativeimportanceonthemarketplacefunctionalities,SCVisibilityandlogistics-relatedfunctions(OrderStatus/TrackingandTransportationmanagement)wereamongthehighestinimportance.,Source:AMRResearchNovember2000,SupplyChainVisibilityandCollaborativeLogisticsSolutions,SupplyChainVisibilityandCollaborativeLogisticsDefined,DuetotheadventoftheInternettechnology,B2BeCommerceandcollaborativetechnology,anewcategoryofmuchfragmentedSupplyChainManagementtoolhasemerged;SupplyChainVisibilityandCollaborativeLogistics.SupplyChainVisibilitytoolsenableenterprisetomonitor,trackandcontrolallexecutedordershipmentsacrossitsextendedsupplychain.Typicalthisincludesinboundlogisticsfromsuppliersandoutboundlogisticstocustomers.Real-timefreightdatafromlogisticsserviceproviders(Carriers,Freightforwarders,Customsbrokers)aswellastradingpartners(suppliersandcustomers)arevalidatedandaggregatedtoprovideanend-to-endstatusvisibility.Trackingofgoodsatvariouslevels(CustomerOrder,BL#,ContainerandSKUlevel)aremadepossiblebycommondatamodeling.Collaborationhappensatvariouslevelsoflogisticsserviceproviders.Enterprise-ServiceProvidercollaborationincludesexceptioncontractnegotiations,tender/acceptance,alertsmessaging/workflowandscheduling.AlsoSupplier-Customercollaborationwillalsobeenhancedbyfeedingreal-timeinventoryvisibilityintoAPSmoduletoprovideCapable-to-Promise(CTP)informationtocustomers.,SupplyChainVisibility,CollaborativeLogistics,SupplyChainManagementLayers,SupplyChainPlanning(SCP)SCPisasystemofapplicationsthatenablesdemandplanningandforecasting,materialsprocurementandproductionscheduling.Typically,SCPsystemsareusedforforecastingandpreparationofmanufacturing/assemblyprocesses.SupplyChainExecution(SCE)SCEisaframeworkofapplicationsthatenhancetheproductivityofthestorage,preparation,logisticsanddeliveryofcompletedproducts.,AdoptedfromAMRResearch,Visibility/CollaborativeLogisticsScope,TraditionalViewvs.NewSupplyChainManagementTools,SupplyChainPlanning(SCP)toolsweredevelopedseparatelyfromSupplyChainExecution(SCE)tools.Asaresult,theybothrequireuniqueERPinterfaces.This“ERPcentric”modeloftenresultedincustomerdemandnotfulfilledproperlytheoreticallyperfectsupplychainplansnotexecutedproperlyduetomissinglinkagesbetweenplanningandexecutionsystems.VisibilityandCollaborationcomponents,however,beganlinkingplansandresultsofvarioussupplychainactivitiesatorclosetoreal-timebasis.Alsothesecomponentsenabledenterprisetocollaboratewithtradingpartnersandlogisticsserviceproviders.Visibilitycomponentistheeyes,andCollaborationisthemouthtocommunicateforanenterprise.Withbettervisibilityandcommunication,anenterprisecanleapbenefitsfromfunctionalityfromeachcomponentsolutions(APS,ERP,TMSandWMS).,NewView,TraditionalView,SupplyChainVisibilityHowitFitstoExistingSytems,Planning,Execution,DataInterface,ITLS,Database,WMS,Database,TMS,Database,OMS,Database,APS,Database,ERPApplication,ERPApplication,SupplyChainVisibility,Collaboration,SCPSystem,SCESystem,Source:AMRResearch,2000,ExtendedTradingCommunity,SingleInterfaceVisibilityEventTrackingPerformance&ComplianceManagementDistributedDataMgmtAlertMgmtWorkflowCoordination,FinancialServices,Suppliers,3PL&Transport,Hubs&Exchanges,Customers,ConnectingLogisticsTradingPartners,End-to-EndVisibilityScope,InternetCollaborationEngine,Supplier,OceanCarriers,Plants,AirCarriers,Assembly,GroundCarrier,Warehouse,Customer,LogisticsCollaboration,LogisticsCollaborationfacilitatesdataexchangeamongallpartieswithinfulfillmentchain.ThisisnotdemandforecastcollaborationbetweencustomersandsupplierssuchasCPFR(CollaborativePlanningForecastingandReplenishment).LogisticsCollaborationfocusesonexecutedorderstobefulfilledasplanned.CPFRfocusesondemandforecastandfulfillmentplanstobeaccurate.,SuppliersCarriersCustomsBrokersFreightForwardersWarehousesCustomers,Managepurchaseorders,ensureordercomplianceProcureservices,monitorinventorymovement,monitorperformanceProcureservices,Expeditecustomsclearance,monitorperformanceProcureservices,monitorinventorymovement,monitorperformanceProcureservices,monitorinventorylevel,monitorperformanceFulfillorders,improvecustomerservice,ASN,PackingSlip,ShippinginformationServicebid,Pickupinformation,Estimatetimeofarrival,routeinformation,proofofdeliveryServicebid,servicecontract,documentrequest,Estimatetimeofclearance,Servicebid,Pickupinformation,Loadinformation,Estimatetimeofarrival,routeinformation,dropoffinformationWarehousereceipt,shipmentconfirmationInquiries,expediterequests,deliveryconfirmation,PurchaseOrderServicetender,Pickupinformation,PlannedtimeofdeliveryServiceoffer,ProductinformationandimportdocumentationServicetender,Pickupinformation,PlannedtimeofdeliveryPick,packandshipordersASN,Visibilityinformation,ExceptionAlerts,PurposeofCollaboration,CollaborationWith,Outgoing,Incoming,InformationExchange,MajorAttributesofSupplyChainVisibilityTool,GlobalMulti-mode,InternationalTrade,ConnectivityandContent,TransportationPlanning,Technology,LogisticsProcessAutomation,ProductTracking,CollaborationEngine,PerformanceManagementandIntelligence,TransportationPlanning,Manyofvisibilitysolutionshavebeendevelopedfromtraditionaltransportationmanagementsystems(TMS)andinheritsmanyoftheirplanningfunctionality.Themostimportantbenefitfromintegratingtransportationplanningwithvisibilityfunctionalityistheabilitytosimulateonreal-time:supportsdecisionmakerinexceptionhandlingprocessbyassessingwhataftereffectsmaybe(e.g.,rejectthisorderbecauseamoreimportantcustomersorderwouldbedelayed,orattempttotransferittoanotherfacilitybecauseprofitabilitylevelishigh).FunctionalityRouting,ratingandoptimization(domesticandinternational)OrderConsolidationEquipmentUtilizationComminglingofOrdersRateAnalysisContinuousMovementManagementBenefitsTransportationCostReductionsCustomerServiceCommitmentsEnablecomplexmerge-in-transitsandmultileg,multiroutetransportationplanning,LogisticsProcessAutomation,Thisfunctionalitysupportsday-to-dayoperationsoflogistic/trafficdepartments.Majorprocessesincludeprocurementoflogisticsservices,contractmanagement,bookingandtendering,paymentandsettlement.Theautomationofthelogisticsprocessesrequiredtoexecutethedeliveryofgoodshelpsreduceinternaloperatingcostsoflogisticsorganization.FunctionalityInternet-basedRFPtocarriersandserviceprovidersContractManagementusingcentraldatadepositoryShipment/LoadTenderingprocessautomationwithcarriersAutomatedpaymentsupportforfreightpaymentsbasedonactualcarrierperformanceSupportforfreightauditsandcompliancereportingBenefitsReducedadministrationandoperatingcostsReducedOrderCycletimes,LogisticsProcessAutomation(Continued),Thelogisticsprocessesautomationshouldaddressend-to-endlogisticsactivities.,Goods,Trans-portationplan,StrategicPlan(ContractNeg.),Tender,CarrierPickups,Delivers,InvoiceMatch,Intransit,InvoicetoShipper,Pay,Audit,EDI/XML,EDI/XML,EDI/XML,Carriers,FulfillmentProcess,SettlementProcess,PlanningProcess,EDI/XML,Whse,Depot,Depot,ProductTracking,TrackandTracefunctionenablesanenterprisetolocatekeyassetsandassociatedcontentsinstantaneouslyandpreciselywithinthesupplychain.AnimportantaspectistheabilitytoMonitor:Manysolutionsprovidereal-timetrackingofsupplychainobjectsandeventsincludingvisibilityintoactualinventorylevels,orders,shipments,productionandsupplyevendowntoATPnumbersofindividualSKUs.AlsothesolutionmustsupportMulti-ModeandInternationalgeographiccoverage.FunctionalityMonitororders,shipments,inventoryatclientdefinedsupplychainmilestonesDatamodeltosupportlinkagesamongvarioustrackingunits(i.e.orders,BL#,SKUs,serialnumbers,ASN#)Eventnotificationtoalertdiversionfromplannedperformance(lateshipmentsandpartialshipmentsduetocarriernoncomplianceoraccidents)GPSintegrationandenvironmentalmonitoring(temperature,etc.)BenefitsImproveorderfillratesandcustomerservicelevelbyexpeditingsupplychaineventsReduceinventoryandsafetystocklevel,CollaborationEngine,CollaborationEnginefacilitatescommunicationanddataexchangebetweenanenterpriseandcustomers,suppliers,transportationcarriersandserviceproviders.Collaborationtakesdifferentformsdependinguponthepartners,fromasimpleexceptionalertingtocomplexnegotiationprocesssupportovertheInternet.FunctionalityNotify:supportsreal-timeexceptionmanagementviamessagesystem,whichcanalertadecisionmakerthatattentionisrequiredControl:allowsin-processadjustment,suchasshipmentdiversionororderexpeditingBusinessRules:createpredeterminedbusinessrulestoexpediteexceptionhandlingandinterandintra-enterpriseworkflowsBenefitsReducecycletimebyeliminatingphonecalls,faxandpapercommunicationAbilitytorespondquickly,PerformanceManagementandIntelligence,Usingacommondatamodelandanalyticaltools,mostsolutionsofferfunctionalitytoMeasure:providesvariousKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)datasothatdecisionmakerscanassesssupplychainperformance.FunctionalityOLAPtoolsareusuallycapableofcreatingvariousreportsaswellasanyotheradhocreportsServicelevelanalysisallowsacompanytoperformitsownscorecardanalysisofon-timedeliveryforacustomerortheentirecustomerbaseCarrierandserviceproviderperformanceandhistorycanbeeasilyobtainedLandedcostanalysisacompanycanplanprofitabilityofsellingmerchandisebysummarizingallpotentialsupplychaincostsbeyondFOBpriceBenefitsImprovenegotiationabilitywithcarriersandserviceproviderswithconcretehistoricalperformancerecordPlanandmanageownsupplychainbetterwithcomprehensiveinformation,InternationalTradeSupport,AsSupplyChainVisibilitysolutionstargetlarge,multinationalenterprises,itiscriticaltosupportinternationaltradeofgoods.Manyofthisfunctionalityareprovidedbypartneringwithbest-of-breedproviderssuchasNextlinksandVastera.FunctionalityImportandExportCustomsComplianceprocessmanagementCustomscompliancecontentsTradeDocumentManagementBenefitsExpeditecustomsclearanceprocessSaveadministrativecostsandcycletimeProofof“reasonablecare”forpotentialcustomsauditandpenaltyrisks,ConnectivityandContent,Connectivityisthemostimportantfoundationofvisibilityapplications.MostsolutionsofferanASPmodeldataaggregationsservice.Thevariousdataform(EDI,XML,Web)fromlogisticspartnersareaggregated,validatedandcleansedpriortobemadeavailableasvisibilityinformation.Alsoitofferslogisticscontentssuchascarrierrecords,availability,spottransactions,aswellastariffandcustomscompliancecontentsviaconnectionswithspecificcontentprovidersandB2Bmarketplace.FunctionalityDatamanagementserviceEDI/XMLtranslationPartnerconnectivityservicesBenefitsLow-costconnectivityConnectwithalltradingpartnerswithoutbuildingacustomEDIlinkwitheachpartner,Technology,AsVisibilityapplicationswillbeusedbymanydifferentpartiesanddeployedgloballyinmostcases,itisimportantthattheapplicationarchitectureisInternet-enabledandscalable.ManyofVisibilitytoolsdevelopedby3PLsdidnotsurvivelargelyduetoitsproprietarytechnologyandinflexibledatamodeling.ManyvendorsuseEAIsuchasTibcoandWebmethodsforenterpriseintegration.FunctionalityInternet-EnabledDatabaseASP/HostedenvironmentforconnectivitylayerSecureenvironmentUseofEAI(EnterpriseApplicationIntegration)toeasilyintegratewithvariousenterpriseapplicationsBenefitScalabilityAdaptabilitySecurity,ValuePropositionsofVisibility/CollaborativeLogisticsSolutions,RevenueOpportunityReduceStockoutsCostSavingsInventoryCostTransportationCostWarehousingCostAdministrativeCost,ReduceTimeOrdercycletimeLeadtimePlanningcycletimeEventresponsetime,CustomerServiceImproveorderfillrateRespondcustomerinquiryEnableATP(AvailabletoPromise)EnableCTP(CapabletoPromise),ValuePropositionsofVisibility/CollaborativeLogisticsSolutions,Visibility/CollaborativeLogisticsSolutionsoffersimilarvaluepropositionstomostofSCMapplications.ThesolutionactsasaconduittolinkalldisparateSCMapplicationsandtradingpartnerstodeliverhigherlevelofintegratedbenefits.Visibility/CollaborativeLogisticsSolutionscannotdeliverallthebenefitsbyitsown.,FinancialValue,CustomerService,Time,FinancialValue,Visibility/CollaborativeLogisticsSolutionsofferasignificantfinancialvaluewhenproperlyintegratedandimplementedwithplanningsystems.Acompanycanbenefitfromimprovedavailability,transportationcostreductioninshortterm,RevenueInventoryCostTransportationCostWarehousingCost,ImproveforecastaccuracyandfulfillmentcapabilityImprovesupplychainplanningcapabilityImproveforecastaccuracyandfulfillmentcapabilityPlandistributionnetworksoshipmentskipswarehouseImprovecarriermanagementandnegotiationbybetterinformationConsolidation,load/containeroptimization,routeoptimizationAutomatecommunicationwithlogisticspartnersandmanagelogisticsdataImprovewarehousemanagementoperationviaimprovedinbound/outboundplanning,AssistaccuracyviafulfillmentcapabilityimprovementDirectcontributionfromfulfillmentvisibility,planningandsimulationcapabilityAssistaccuracyviafulfillmentvisibilityandplanningimprovementDirectcontributionfromfulfillmentplanning/simulationcapabilityDirectcontributionfromlogisticsprocessautomationandintelligencecapabilityDirectcontributionfromtransportationplanningcapabilityDirectcontributionfromlogisticsprocessautomationandconnectivityAssistaccuracyviafulfillmentvisibilityimprovement,MediumLargeSmallMediumLargeLargeMediumSmall,Objectives,Category,Impact,Howdoesithelp?,ImpactofVisibility/Collaboration,StockoutsreductionImproveinventoryavailabilityLowersafetystocklevelIncreasedirectshipmentReducefreightandserviceratesOptimizetransportationReducelogisticsadministrationcostsReducehandlingcost,OverallApproach,FinancialValueHowItCanTranslatesintoROC,CustomerServiceValue,FinancialValue,CustomerService,Time,CustomerserviceisoneofthemostimportantobjectivesofSupplyChainExecutioninitiatives.Visibilitytoolsoffersignificantcustomerserviceimprovementopportunityfromfulfillmentcapabilityenhancement.Theopportunitytoimprovecustomerserviceshouldbeevaluatedatbothtacticalandstrategiclevels.,OrderManagementPlanning,TraceorderswithinextendedsupplychainPlanandreplanfulfillmentplanbasedoncustomerrequest(i.e.,rushorders)ImprovefulfillmentplanningandcontrolexecutedordersandtransportationShipmentdocumentation,packagingrequirementsusingWMSfunctionalityProvideavailabilityofinventoryathandandcurrentproductionplanProvideavailabilityofinventorybasedonconstraints,productionandsourcingcapabilitiesCollaborativelyplandemand-basedforecastandreplenishmentwithcustomers,Visibilitytoolwillprovideorderstatus.Customerself-serviceisalsopossibleDirectcontributionfromfulfillmentplanning/simulationcapabilityDirectcontributionfromfulfillmentplanningandintelligencecapabilityAssistfromlogisticsprocessautomationandintelligencecapabilityDirectcontributionfromfulfillmentvisibility,planningandsimulationcapabilityAssistaccuracyviafulfillmentvisibilityandplanningcapabilityAssistaccuracyviafulfillmentvisibilityandplanningcapability,LargeLargeLargeMediumLargeMediumSmall,Objectives,Category,Impact,Howdoesithelp?,ImpactofVisibility/Collaboration,RespondcustomerinquiryonexistingorderstatusAccommodatechangesinexistingordersImproveon-timedeliveryrateandfill-accuracyImproveshipmentcompliance/qualityRespondwithATP(AvailableToPromise)onfutureordersRespondwithCTP(CapableToPromise)tocollaborativelyplandemandCollaborativePlanningForecastReplenishment(CPFR),OverallApproach,SpeedValue,FinancialValue,CustomerService,Time,CustomerserviceisoneofthemostimportantobjectivesofSupplyChainExecutioninitiatives.Visibilitytoolsoffersignificantcustomerserviceimprovementopportunityfromfulfillmentcapabilityenhancement.Theopportunitytoimprovecustomerserviceshouldbeevaluatedatbothtacticalandstrategiclevels.,Manyvendorsalsoclaimthatthesolutioncanbeimplementedwithinashortperiodoftimelessthan6-monthperiod,muchshorterdurationthanERPorSCPsystemsimplementations.,Movefrommonthly/bimonthlytoweeklyordersImprovesupplychainplanningcapabilityandexecutioncapabilityRolldemandplansforwardbasedonactualresultsandforecastmoreoftenPlanandscheduleproductionusingtechniquessuchasJIT(Just-in-time)Monitorin-transitstatusandavailabilityonreal-timebasisAlertexceptions,replanandscheduleandnotifycustomers,EnhanceATPatwarehouseandCTPforin-transitOnlytotheextentofsafetystockreductionandimproveaccuracyinfulfillmentAssistexception-basedplanningIncreaseaccuracyonETAsonfreightsfrominboundpartssuppliersDirectcontributionfromvisibilityapplicationsDirectcontributionfromtransportationplanningandworkflowcapability,MediumSmallMediumMediumLargeLarge,Objectives,Impact,Howdoesithelp?,ImpactofVisibility/Collaboration,OrderCycleReductionLeadTimeReductionPlanningCycleReductionProductionCycleReductionCustomerResponseTimeExceptionalhandlingtime,OverallApproach,VisibilityandCollaborativeLogisticsSolutionsLandscapeAnalysis,Visibility/CollaborativeLogisticsCandidates,SCMPlanningVendors,TransportationSystemsVendors,Wa