英语单词中英文解释

.compulsion / kmpln; kmpln/ n (to do sth) 1 U compelling or being compelled 强迫; 强制; 被迫: I refuse to act under compulsion, ie because I am forced to. 我决不能让人逼着做事. * You need feel under no compulsion to accept, ie do not have to accept. 你不必勉强接受. C urge (esp to behave in an irrational way) that one cannot resist （不能克制的）慾望, 冲动, 要求（尤指不合情理的行为）: a compulsion to destroy things 毁物慾.should have done只用于谈论过去情况，主要有两个用法：用于推测过去已经发生的情况。如：He should have arrived by now.此时他本该到了。用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：You should have told me so before.你早就应该告诉我。would have done:本应该那样做却没有做would not have done：本不应该做的事却做了多数情况下用于虚拟语气中other than 不同于,除了,与不同；与不同方式Theres nobody here other than me.除了我这里没别人.You cant get there other than by swimming.你只能靠游泳游到那边去.rather than 用来表示“是.而不是.”,通常连接两个并列成分eg:He is an artist rather than a philosopher.他是位艺术家而不是位哲学家.set off begin (a journey, race, etc) 开始（旅行 赛跑等）: What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟启程? * Theyve set off on a journey round the world. 他们已经开始环游世界. * If you want to catch that train wed better set off for the station immediately. 你要是想赶上那班火车, 咱们就最好马上动身去火车站. set sth off (a) cause (a bomb, mine, etc) to explode 使（炸弹 地雷等）爆炸: Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off. 这些烟火要格外小心, 稍有火星就能引起爆炸. (b) cause or prompt sth 引起或激发某事物: Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling. 股票市场上人心惶惶, 掀起抛售浪潮. (c) make sth appear more attractive by contrast （通过对比）使某事物更有吸引力: That jumper sets off the blue of her eyes. 在这件毛衣衬托下, 她眼睛的蓝色显得更漂亮了. set sb off (doing sth) cause sb to start (doing sth) 使某人开始做（某事物）: Dont set him off talking politics or hell go on all evening. 可别让他谈起政治来, 要不然他一谈就得一个晚上. * Her imitations always set me off (laughing). 她模仿别人的动作, 每次都把我逗得哈哈大笑.duck 2 / dk; dk/ v I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p move (esp ones head) down quickly, to avoid being seen or hit 迅速低下（尤指头）（以免被看见或被打中）: I saw the gun and ducked under the window. 我见到枪就迅速俯在窗下. * Duck your head down! 低下头! Tn, Tn.pr push (sb) under water for a short time 使（某人）浸入水中片刻: Her sisters ducked her in the river. 她的姐妹把她按到河里. Ipr, Tn (infml 口) (out of) sth avoid or dodge (a duty, responsibility etc) 躲避, 推脱, 推委（任务 责任等）: Its his turn to wash up but hell try and duck out of it. 轮到他刷锅洗碗, 他却想法儿逃避.Her love for him blinded her (to his faults). 她非常爱他以至（对他的缺点）丧失了判断力.shut / t; t/ v (-tt-, pt, pp shut) (a) Tn move (a door, lid, window, etc) into a position where it blocks an opening 关上（门 盖子 窗户等）: shut the doors and windows at night 夜晚把门窗都关上 * shut the drawer 关上抽屉 * I cant shut the suitcase lid when its so full. 衣箱装得很满, 我盖不上盖子了. * He shut the door on her/in her face, ie wouldnt let her in. 他把她关在门外了. (b) I (of a door, etc) move or be able to be moved into such a position （指门等）关上, 能关闭: The window wont shut. 这窗户关不上. * The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超级市场的门是自动关的. grey (also esp US gray) / gre; re/ adj (a) of the colour between black and white; coloured like ashes, slate, lead, etc 灰色的; 灰白的: grey eyes, hair, etc 灰色的眼睛 头发等 * a grey suit 灰色西装. (b) usu pred 通常作表语 having grey hair 有灰色头发; 有花白头发: She has turned quite grey recently. 她近来头发多已斑白. * Im going grey. 我的头发开始白了. (c) dull; cloudy 灰暗的; 阴沉的: a grey day 阴沉的一天. ease 1 / iz; iz/ n U freedom from work, discomfort, pain or anxiety 安逸; 舒适; 无痛苦; 无忧虑: a life of ease 安逸舒适的生活 * ease of mind 心情舒畅 * The injection brought him immediate ease. 他经注射後疼痛顿消. Cf 参看 easy1 2. (idm 习语) (stand) at ease (as a military command 用作军事口令) (stand) with feet apart and hands behind the back 稍息. Cf 参看 attention 4. (be/feel) at (ones) ease (be/feel) comfortable and unworried; (be/feel) completely relaxed （感到）舒适而无忧虑; （感到）完全松弛: I never feel at ease in his company. 我跟他在一起总是感到很不自在. * Finish the work at your ease, ie in your own time. 你可以从容地把这项工作做完（在你方便时）. ill at ease = ill1. put/set sb at (his, her, etc) ease make sb feel comfortable, free from embarrassment, etc 使某人感到舒适 不拘束等: He had been dreading their meeting but her warm welcome soon put him at his ease. 他对彼此相见一直忐忑不安, 可是她热情相迎使他很快就无拘无束了. put/set sbs mind at ease/rest = mind1. ,take ones ease stop working or worrying; relax 不再工作或忧虑; 休息; 轻松; 放心: She sat down and took her ease by the fire. 她坐在火旁休息一下. with ease without difficulty 容易地; 无困难地: He passed the test with ease. 他轻而易举地考及格了.sneak n (infml 口) cowardly deceitful person (esp one who informs on others) 怯懦而惯於欺骗的人（尤指告密者）.sneak adj attrib 作定语 acting or done without warning; secret and unexpected 出其不意的; 秘密而突如其来的: a sneak attack 偷袭 * a sneak preview 不公开试映 * a sneak look at a letter 偷看信.sneakers n pl (US; Brit infml 口) = plimsolls: He wore old jeans and a pair of sneakers. 他穿着旧牛仔裤和胶底运动鞋.sneaking adj attrib 作定语 (esp of an unwanted feeling) secret and unexpressed （尤指不应有的情感）私下的, 暗地的: have a sneaking respect, sympathy, etc for sb 暗地里敬佩 同情.某人 * I have a sneaking (ie unproved and vague but possibly right) suspicion that he stole my wallet. 我心想准是他偷了我的钱包.rug / rg; r/ n thick floor-mat (usu smaller than a carpet) 厚地毯（通常比carpet小）: a hearth-rug 壁炉前的小地毯. (a) faint light after sunset or before sunrise 日落後或日出前的微光; 曙光; 暮色: I couldnt see their faces clearly in the twilight. 我在曙色朦胧中看不清他们的脸. (b) period of this 黎明或薄暮时分: farmers walking home at twilight 黄昏时走回家的农民 * Twilight is a dangerous time for drivers. 黎明或黄昏是司机容易出事的时间.the (of sth) (rhet 修辞) period of decreasing importance or strength; decline 衰落时期; 没落: the twilight of his career 他事业的衰退时期 * attrib 作定语 his twilight years 他的暮年.haul n 1 act of hauling 拖; 拉; 运送. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) distance to be travelled 移动的距离: short/medium/long haul aircraft 短程中程/远程运输飞机 * Our camp is only a short haul from here. 我们的营地近在咫尺. 3 (a) quantity of fish caught in a net at one time 一网的捕鱼量: The fishermen had a good haul. 渔民捕得满满一网鱼. (b) (fig 比喻) amount gained by effort 经努力获得的数量: The thief got away with a huge haul. 那个贼偷走了大量财物. 4 (idm 习语) a long haul = long1.jolt / dult; dolt/ v I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p (cause sb/sth to) move with sudden jerky movements （使某人某物）颠簸着移动: The old bus jolted along (a rough track). 旧公共汽车（沿凹凸不平的小路）颠簸而行. (phr v) jolt sb into/out of sth make sb act by giving him a sudden shock 使某人受到震惊而采取行动: He was jolted out of his lethargy and into action when he realized he had only a short time to finish the article. 他意识到须在很短时间就得把文章写完, 立即动手写起来. jolt n (esp sing 尤作单数) 1 sudden bump or shake; jerk 震动; 摇晃; 颠簸: stop with a jolt 停止时震动了一下. 2 (fig 比喻) surprise; shock 惊奇; 震惊: The news of the accident gave her an unpleasant jolt/quite a jolt. 她听到出事的消息吃了一惊大吃一惊.jolty adj jolting 震动的; 摇晃的; 颠簸的.eventful adjectivefull of things that happen, especially exciting, important or dangerous things: an eventful day / life / journey/ sel; sel/ v (a) Ipr, Ip travel on water in a ship, yacht, etc using sails or engine power; move forward on ice, a sandy beach, etc in a wheeled vehicle with sails （乘船或机帆船 游艇等）作水上旅行; （坐带帆的轮式运载工具）在冰上或沙滩上滑行: sail up/along the coast 向沿海岸航行 * sail into the harbour 驶入海港 * an oil tanker sailing by 驶过的油轮. (b) I (usu 通常作 go sailing) travel on water in a boat with sails, esp as a sport 乘帆船航行; （尤指）帆船运动. =Usage at travel 用法见travel. I, Ipr (from.) (for/to.) (of a ship or the crew and passengers) begin a voyage （指船或船员和乘客）起航: When does the ship sail? 这船何时起航? * He has sailed (from Southampton) for New York. 他已乘船（从南安普顿）去纽约了. Tn travel by ship across or on (a sea, an ocean, etc) 乘船在（海洋等）上或越过（海洋等）旅行: sail the Aegean in a cruiser 乘游艇在爱琴海上旅游. I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p (be able to) control (a ship or boat) （能）驾驶（船）: Do you sail? 你会驾驶船吗? * She sails her own yacht. 她驾驶自己的游艇. * He sailed the boat between the islands. 他驾驶着船在两岛之间航行./ fens; fns/ n structure of rails, stakes, wire, etc, esp one put round a field or garden to mark a boundary or keep animals from straying 栅栏; 篱笆; 围墙. =illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. (idm 习语) come down on one side of the fence or the other = side1. sit on the fence = sit. fence v 1 Tn surround, divide, etc (sth) with a fence 用栅栏 篱笆 围墙等将（某物）围着或隔开等: Farmers fence their fields. 农人用篱笆把田地围起. * His land was fenced with barbed wire. 他的土地用铁丝网围着.ringer noun= BELL-RINGER(AmE) a horse or person that takes part in a race illegally, for example by using a false nameringer英r(r)美rn.套环，投环;lousy / lauz; laz/ adj (-ier, -iest) infested with lice 多蝨的. (infml 口) very bad or ill 极坏的; 极不适的: a lousy holiday 极糟的假日 * I feel lousy. 我觉得很不舒服. pred 作表语 with sth/sb (sl 俚) having more than enough of sth/sb 大量; 多: In August the place is lousy with tourists. 八月里这地方游客多如牛毛.heck / hek; hk/ interj, n (infml euph 口, 婉) (used to express mild annoyance or surprise or for emphasis 用以表示轻度的懊恼或惊讶, 或用以加强语气) hell: Oh heck, Im going to be late. 糟糕, 我要迟到了. * We had to wait a heck of a long time. 我们可等了很长时间.elegant / elgnt; lnt/ adj tasteful and stylish in appearance or manner （相貌或仪态）优雅的, 文雅的, 高雅的: an elegant woman, coat, style of writing 文雅的女人 高雅的外衣 优美的写作风格 * elegant manners 优雅的仪态. elegance / elgns; lns/ n U. elegantly adv: He always dresses elegantly. 他总是穿得很讲究.have the grace to do sth be polite enough to do sth 出於礼貌而做某事: He might have had the grace to say he was sorry! 他本可以出於礼貌说声抱歉的嘛! in sbs good graces approved of and favoured by sb 为某人赞同和喜爱: Im not in her good graces at the moment. 我此刻尚未讨得她的欢心. a saving grace = save1. with (a) bad/good grace reluctantly and rudely/willingly and cheerfully 勉强而粗鲁地欣然而情愿地: She apologized with (a) bad grace. 她很勉强地道了歉. * They withdrew their objections with as good a grace as they could manage. 他们极力装出情愿的样子撤回了反对意见. year of grace = year.back 4 / bk; bk/ v I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p (cause sth to) move backwards （使某物）後退: back (a car) out of/into the garage, onto the road, into (ie hitting) a tree 开倒车驶出驶入车房 驶上公路 撞着一棵树. Ipr, Tn (on/onto) sth face sth at the back 背对着某物: Our house backs on(to) the river. 我们的房子背靠着河. Tn (a) give help or support to (sb/sth) 帮助, 支持?某人某事?: Shes the candidate who is backed by the Labour Party. 她是工党支持的候选人. (b) give financial support to (sb/sth) 给?某人某事物?以财务上的支持: Who is backing the film? 谁是那影片的赞助人? Tn bet money on (a horse, greyhound, etc) 下赌注於（赛马 赛狗等）: I backed four horses but won nothing. 我在四匹马上下了注, 但全都输了. * Did anyone back the winner? 有人下注下在最後胜出的这匹马上了吗? * The favourite was heavily backed, ie Much money was bet on its winning the race. 在那匹热门马上下了重注. Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态 sth (with sth) cover the back of sth; be a lining to sth 覆盖某物的背面; 作某物的衬里: The photograph was backed with cardboard. 照片背面衬上了一层纸板. Tn sign (sth) on the back as a promise to pay if necessary; endorse 在背面签字作为可根据需要随时付 款的担保; 背书: back a bill, note, etc 在单据 票据等上背书. I (of wind) change gradually in an anti-clockwise direction (eg from E to NE to N) （指风向）循反时针方向逐渐改变（如由东风转为东北风再转为北风）. Cf 参看 veer 2. (idm 习语) ,back the wrong horse support the loser (in a contest) 下错了赌注; 支持（竞赛中的）输家. (phr v) back away (from sb/sth) move backwards in fear or dislike 因害怕或厌恶而後退: The child backed away from the big dog. 那个孩子看见大狗就向後退了. back down; US back off give up a claim to sth; yield 放弃对某事物的要求; 屈服: He proved that he was right and his critics had to back down. 他证明了他是正确的, 而那些非难他的人不得不收起他们那一套. back out (of sth) withdraw from (an agreement, a promise, etc) 不履行（协议 承诺等）: Its too late to back out (of the deal) now. 现在要（在这笔交易）打退堂鼓为时已晚. back up (US) = back4 1: You can back up another two yards. 你可以再後退两码. back sb/sth up give support or encouragement to sb/sth 支持或鼓励某人某事物: If I tell the police I was with you that day, will you back up my story/back me up? 假若我对警方说那天我和你在一起, 你肯为我这个说法作证为我作证吗? back sth up (computing 计) make a copy of (a file, program, etc) in case the original is lost or damaged 制作（文件 程序等的）复制件（以防原件丢失或损坏）. backer n 1 person who gives (esp financial) support to another person, an undertaking, etc 赞助人; （尤指）资助人. 2 person who bets money on a horse, etc （赛马等中的）下赌注者.backing n 1 (a) U help; support 帮助; 支持. (b) sing group of supporters 一群支持者: The new leader has a large backing. 那位新领导人有大批的支持者. 2 U material used to form the back of sth or to support sth 用作某物的背衬材料; 用作支撑某物的材料: cloth, rubber, cardboard, etc backing 布 橡胶 纸板等做的背衬. 3 U, C usu sing 通常作单数 (esp in pop music) musical accompaniment to a singer （尤指流行音乐）为歌手的伴奏: vocal/instrumental backing 和音伴奏 * attrib 作定语 a backing group 和音小组.# back-up n 1 U support; reserve 支持; 支援; 後备: The police had military back-up. 警方有军队作後盾. * attrib 作定语 back-up services 善後服务 * the back-up team of a racing driver 赛车手的後勤队. 2 U, C (computing 计) (making a) copy of a file, program, etc for use in case the original is lost or damaged （制作）（文件 程序等的）复制件（以备原件丢失或损坏时使用）: attrib 作定语 a back-up disc 复制件磁盘.depot / depu; dpo/ n () (a) storehouse, esp for military supplies; warehouse 仓库; （尤指）军需库; 栈房. (b) place where vehicles, eg buses, are kept 车库（如公共汽车的）. () (US) railway or bus station 火车站; 公共汽车站.harmonica (BrE also mouth organ)nouna small musical instrument that you hold near your mouth and play by blowing or sucking air through itcrummy / krm; krm/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) bad; worthless; unpleasant 糟糕的; 毫无价值的; 令人厌恶的: a crummy little street in the worst part of town 城中最差之地段的一条邋遢的小街.appetite / ptat; ptat/ n U physical desire, esp for food or pleasure 肉体的慾望（尤指对食物或享乐）; 食慾; 胃口: When I was ill I completely lost my appetite. 我生病时完全没有食慾. * Dont spoil your appetite by eating sweets before meals. 饭前不要吃糖以免影响食慾. * (fig 比喻) He had no appetite for the fight. 他毫无斗志. C instance of a natural desire for sth （对某事物的）自然的慾望: The long walk has given me a good appetite. 走了长路使我食慾大振. * He has an amazing appetite for hard work. 他出奇地喜爱艰巨的工作. * a person of gross sexual appetites 性慾旺盛的人.tip n 1 small sum of money given to a waiter, taxi-driver, etc as a personal reward for their services （给服务员 计程车司机等的）小费, 小帐: He left a tip under his plate. 他把小费放在盘子下面了. 2 (a) small but useful piece of practical advice 有用的小建议; 实用的小提示: Heres a handy tip for removing stains from clothing. 有个除掉衣服上污点的窍门儿. (b) private or special piece of information, esp about horse-races, the stock-market, etc 私下的或特别的情报（尤指有关赛马 股市等的）: a hot (ie very good) tip for the Derby 有关德比大赛马的极好的信息 * Take my tip/Take a tip from me and buy these shares now. 听我的, 立即买下这些股份.# tip-off n hint or warning 暗示; 警告: Acting on a tip-off, the police arrested the drug smugglers. 警方根据密报逮捕了毒品走私者./ rul; rol/ n (a) cylinder made by turning flexible material over and over on itself without folding it 卷状物: Wallpaper is bought in rolls. 壁纸是成卷买的. * a roll of carpet, film, cloth 一卷地毯 胶 卷 布. (b) person or thing with this shape 带有卷状物的人或物: a man with rolls of fat around his stomach 腹部有层层肥肉的男子. (a) small individual portion of bread baked in a rounded shape 小圆面包: Six brown rolls, please. 请给我来六个黑面包. =illus at bread 见bread插图. Cf 参看 bun 1. (b) (with a preceding n or ns 用於名词之後) one of these containing the stated filling 有某种馅的小圆面包: a ham roll 火腿面包 * a bacon and tomato roll 腌猪肉加西红柿馅的面包.cracker / krk(r); krk/ n thin flaky dry biscuit, typically eaten with cheese 薄脆饼乾（多与乾酪一起食用）. (a) small firework that explodes with a sharp sound 爆竹; 鞭炮. (b) (also Christmas cracker) party toy consisting of a cardboard tube wrapped in paper that makes a sharp explosive sound as its ends are pulled apart, with a small gift, paper hat, etc inside 彩包爆竹（一种宴会时的娱乐用品, 为一硬的纸筒, 内装小件礼品 纸帽等, 用纸包裹好, 两端一拉即?啪作响）: a box of crackers 一盒彩包爆竹. (Brit infml approv 口, 褒) attractive girl or woman 迷人的姑娘; 有魅力的女子: What a little cracker she is! 她真是小美人! spare 2 / spe(r); spr/ v Tn, Dn.n refrain from hurting, harming or destroying (sb/sth); show mercy to 不伤害（某人某事物）; 饶恕; 宽容: Please spare (ie dont kill) me! 请饶了我（一命）吧! * (fml 文) spare a person his life, ie not kill him 饶某人一命 * if I am spared, ie if I live 假若我幸而不死 * They killed the men but spared the children. 他们把男人都杀了, 但放过了孩子. * The woodman spared (ie did not cut down) a few trees. 伐木工人留下了几棵树没砍掉. Tn, Dn.n refrain from using, giving, etc (sth); use as little as possible 节制使用或提供（某事物）; 吝惜; 节约: No trouble was spared to ensure our comfort. 为了我们舒适, 已竭尽全力. * Try to spare her as much distress as possible when you tell her. 你告诉她的时候, 尽量不要让她伤心. * He does not spare himself, ie works, etc very hard indeed. 他不偷懒. * Please spare me (ie dont tell me) the gruesome details. 你可别给我讲那些可怕的细节. Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr sth (for sb/sth) be able to afford to give (time, money, etc) (to sb for a purpose) （为某人或某目的）提供（时间 钱等）; 拨出; 匀出; 分出: I cant spare the time for a holiday at the moment. 目前我抽不出时间去度假. * Can you spare me a few minutes of your time? 我能耽搁你几分钟吗? * Can you spare me a few litres of petrol? 你能匀给我几升汽油吗? * Can you spare a cigarette for me? 给我根烟行吗? Tn, Tn.pr (infml 口) manage without (sb) 无（某人）也可以: I cant spare him today we need everybody here. 我今天需要他-我们需要人人都到齐. * I cant spare you for that job; you must finish this one first. 我不能放你去做那件事; 你必须先把这件做完. (idm 习语) no expense spared = expense. spare sbs blushes do not embarrass sb by praisinghim 不夸奖某人以免使之难为情. spare sbs feelingsavoid hurting sbs feelings 避免伤害某人的感情; 不使某人难堪: He spared her feelings by not criticizing her husband in front of her. 他没当她的面说她丈夫的不是, 以免使她难堪. spare no pains doing/to do sth (fml 文) take as much trouble as is necessary to achieve sth 不遗余力地做某事: The hotel staff spared no pains to ensure that our stay was as enjoyable as possible. 旅馆工作人员对我们照顾得无微不至, 尽量让我们住得舒适. ,spare the ,rod and ,spoil the child (saying 谚) if you do not punish a child when he does wrong you will spoil his character 孩子不打不成器. (and) to spare more than is needed; left over 过剩; 有余; 剩余: We have enough fruit and to spare. 我们的水果充足有余. * Do you have any sugar to spare? 你的食糖有富余吗? * Theres no time to spare! ie You must act, go, etc as quickly as possible. 没有多余的时间了! sparing / sper; spr/ ad