第三讲 从非谓语动词到非正常语序.ppt

从非谓语动词到非正常语序,非谓语动词：,1.充当主语、宾语或者表语（动词的名词化表达）2.充当定语（代替定语从句）3.充当状语（将具有共同主语的句子写成一个句子）,Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.（主语、宾语、表语）awomanpickingtheblackberry=awomanwhoispickingtheblackberry,Hereadscarefully.Heforgetsthetimeforlunch.,Becauseheisreadingcarefully,heforgetsthetimeforlunch.Heisreadingcarefully,andheforgetsthetimeforlunch.,Readingcarefully,heforgetsthetimeforlunch.,非谓语动词作状语（伴随、因果和条件）Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem,Wearefacedwithdifficulties.Wemusttrytoovercomethem.,Be动词beingDo动词doing被动态doneInthesunshinestandsaflower.Itgrowsvigorously.,Inthesunshinestandsaflower,growingvigorously.,Iamateacher.Igiveclasses.,Beingateacher,Igiveclasses.,I,ateacher,giveclasses.,Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingever-longerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Fedupwithincreasingrates,customers,notablychemical,coal,andagribusinesscompanies,arecomplainingthattheseareevidencethattherailroadsareabusingtheirmarketpower.(Economist,July,2013)Observersdoubtthatthisaggressivetargetthatsome40%ofPradasrevenuesinAmericawillcomefromtheinternetin5yearsisrealistic,notingthatitcurrentlysellsonlybags,walletsandotheraccessoriesonline,notitsmainclothingandfootwearcollections.(Economist,July,2010),Theassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.Foundedin1694,thebankofEnglandhascenturiesofexperienceindealingwithfinancialtroubles.,独立主格：,语言简洁，状语Itishottoday.Istayathome.,Itbeinghottoday,Istayathome.,1.表示时间Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.(whenthemeetingwasover)Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.2.表示条件Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.3.表示原因Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.Hewrappedherupwithgreatcare,thenightbeingdarkandfrosty.,4.表示伴随Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.5.表示补充说明Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.,倒装句,动词在句子中的位置或者相对位置发生改变部分倒装和完全倒装识别和还原,1.部分倒装系动词、情态动词或者助动词被置于主语前（实义动词位置不变）还原被前置的系动词、情态动词或者助动词Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromlivingthekindoflifehehasalwaysdreamtabout.InnocountryotherthanBritain,ithadbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.Hardlydidanypeoplehavingbeeninvitedwentthere.,1）As引导的倒装Hardasheworked,hedidnotpasstheexam.让步Tiredashewas,wedecidednottodisturbhim.原因Sheworkedhard,so/asdidherhusband.“也，也是”2）so+adv./adj.+that;suchthatSofardoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.Sosuddenlywastheattackthatwehadnotimetoescape.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.,2.完全倒装动词前后的成分完全倒置主系表到装为表系主能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成分,状态系动词：be持续性系动词：keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand“看起来像”：seem,appear,look感官系动词：feel,smell,sound,taste变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run终止系动词：prove,turnout,1.形容词性的词、介词短语、方位副词+系动词2.doing+复数系动词3.doing+单数系动词+名词性的词PlayingbasketballismycousinwhoisfromNewYork.,Hereinlaythebeginningofturnfromignorancetodenialofthevalueofnutritionaltherapiesinmedicine.Surroundingthecolumnarethreesepalsandthreepetals,sometimeseasilyrecognizableassuch,oftendistortedintogorgeous,weird,butalwaysfunctionalshapes.WiththegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboom,youngpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.,AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystems,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.,Indeed,haditnotbeenforthesuperbpreservationofthesefossils,theymightwellhavebeenclassifiedasdinosaurs.Allwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationismandevolutiondebate.,强调句,Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分还原被强调部分Itwasjustadecadebeforethisthatmanydrugcompanieshadfoundtheirvitaminsalesskyrocketingandwerequicktosupplypracticingphysicianswithgeneroussamplesofvitaminsandliteratureextollingthevirtueofsupplementationforavarietyofhealth-relatedconditions.,Itwasshe,aBaltimoreprinter,whopublishedthefirstofficialcopiesoftheDeclaration,thefirstcopiesthatincludedthenamesofitssignersandthereforeheraldedthesupportofallthirteencolonies.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.,处理句子的流程,1.动词位置：正常or非正常2.非正常：倒装or强调3.倒装：部分or完全4.还原动词位置正常语序5.正常语序：简单or非简单句6.非简单句：拆分为简单句7.简单句：确定简单句的定语、状语、同位语、插入语还原为五大基本句型,相关结构：,1.itisnotthatbutthat这不是说,而是说Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterismuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthattheformer.2.nothingelse完全是，实在是Whatthemansaidwasnothingelsethannonsense.,3.as引导的特殊状语从句，当做定语从句处理Wehopethemeasurestocontrolprices,astheyhavebeentakenbythegovernment,willsucceed.4.名词+or+名词：or后面的是同位语Moreover,technologyincludestechniques,orwaystodothings,aswellasthemachinesthatmayormaynotbenecessarytoapplythem.5.morethan:than连接肯定形式从句：该从句译为否定句Thecomplexityofthehumansituationandinjusticeofthesocialorderdemandfarmorefundamentalchangesinthebasicstructureofsocietyitselfthansomepoliticiansarewillingtoadmitintheirspeeches.,Than表示的是在比较的基础上进行的选择时：与其说不如说Itseemsthatthesetwobranchesofsciencearemutuallydependent,andthattheso-calleddivisionbetweenthepurescientistandtheappliedscientistismoreapparentthanreal.Than进行同类比较时：比更Therearemorecarsontheroadsinsummerthaninwinter.,6.nomorethan与notanymorethan同类否定比较：不必更；都同样不ThefoodontheshipwasnobetterthanonanyothershiponwhichBillyhadsailed.表示比喻关系：正如不，.也不Thearchaeologistseffortsarenotdirectedat“proving”thecorrectnessoftheBibleanymorethanbeliefinGodcanbescientificallydemonstrated.Noonecanholdbackthetideofrevolutionanymorethanamanwithabroomcanholdafloodthathasburstthedam.,7.notsomuchas与其说不如说Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.8.thesameas与相同Youhavemadethesamemistakeaslasttime.9.nolessthan(noless.than)不但而且；不亚于；简直是；实在是Chinainsistsalwaysontheneedforself-reliance,nolessineconomicpolitiesthaninmakingrevolution.,Therewerenolessthanonethousandpeopleatthemeeting.Itisnolessthanblackmailtoasksuchahighprice.10.moreotherthan不是正是；除了外，不会是Reactionotherthanthedesiredoneoftenoccurwhenreactantsarebroughttogether.OtherwomenthanSallywouldhavesaidnothing.,11.nothingbut=nothingelsethan=nothinglessthan不是别的正是Geniusisnothingbutlaboranddiligence.Herfailurewasduetonothingelsethancriminal.12.muchless=stillless更不，更无Icouldnotagreeto,muchlessparticipateinsuchproceedings.Heistooshytoaskastrangerthetime,stilllessspeaktoaroomfullofpeople.InoldChina,therewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustry,tosaynithingofelectronicindustry.,13.anythingbut根本不；allbut几、几乎，差一点，除意外其余都是;butfor要不是；butthat+从句：若不是Aloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefeltanythingbutlonely.Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.,14.notnearly相差很远，远远少于Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthegrowthofpopularity,whichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.15.cannottoo再也不过分,应该Wecannotbetoofaithfultoourduties.Youcannotattachtoomuchimportancetothematter.,16.aswellas=inaddition也，和一样，除了之外Thesocialistrevolutionrequiresachangeofthesuperstructureaswellasachangeoftheeconomicbasis.RevolutionintheMarxistsciencemeansamoralaswellasamaterialchange.17.morethan+从句(谓语含有can或者could)实在不能SomemathproblemsinthatbookaremorethanIcanworkout.,18.norbecause不是因为NordoIteachbecauseIthinkIknowanswers,orbecauseIhaveknowledgeIfeelcompelledtoshare.19.（therebe）no+主语+but+谓语+其他双重否定，肯定Thereisnomanbuthashisfaults.人皆有过。20.notbut不是而是;butnot是而不是Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalancein