基础英语2 Unit3

Revision,1.Afterhegotdrunk,he_whatwasonhismind,andhiseyesfilledwithtears.A.blurtedoutB.rinsedC.snappedatD.squeezed2.Therehasneverbeenanyjealousy_.A.onmypartB.outofmypartC.frommypartD.inmypart3.Ireallyhavenoexcuse.Ididit_carelessnessandstupidity.A.outB.forC.outofD.inordertobe4.Ifsomeoneisbeing_thenitisfairtoexposethat.A.hypercriticalB.diacriticC.criticalD.hypocritical5.Somehowwe_thesubjectofinflation.A.gotintoB.gotontoC.gottoD.gotin,TheRiteofSpring,Unit3,Objectives,KnowsomethingabouttheauthorUnderstandthegenreofessayLearnhowtointerpretandappreciateliteraryessay,Warmingup,1.Whatareyourimpressionsonspring?2.Whatwouldpeoplenormallydoinspring?3.Whatdoyoudoinspring?,Background,HisLife,ArthurMiller1915-2005,AHarlem-bornPolish-JewishboyMajoredinjournalismatUniversityofMichiganWrotefirstplayin1936ReceivedBA（BachelorofArts）inEnglishin1938,Background,HisCareer,Firstsuccessfulplay:AllMySons,1946Hugesuccess:DeathofaSalesman,1949TheCrucible,1953Returntotheatricalsuccess:ThePrice,1968Experimentaldramain1970s,unsuccessfulKeptwritinguntil2004,Background,HisInfluence,OneofthegreatestdramatistsofthetwentiethcenturyPoliticallyengaged,commerciallysuccessful,socialplaysNumourousawardsandhonors:ThreeTonyAwards,PulitzerPrizeforDeathoftheSalesmanin19491965,ElectedthefirstAmericanpresidentofInternationalPen1993,awardedtheNationalMedalofArts2001,selectedfortheJeffersonLecture,theU.Sgovernmentshighesthonorforachievementinthehumanities,Background,DeathofaSalesman1949;1984moviestarringDustinHoffman),TheCruciblekrusb()l熔炉,1953,1996moviestarring（由主演DanielDay-Lewis,HisWorks,Background,HisMarriage,MarySlattery,collegesweetheart,1940MarilynMonroe,1956Briefaffairin1951AccompaniedMillertohis1956trialMadeTheMisfitswithMillerasthescriptwriterDivorcedin1961IngeMorath,1962,Background,Genre,Essay,Ashortpieceofprose散文、平铺直叙的文体oftenwrittenfromtheauthorspersonalpointofviewVaguedefinition,greatvariety:literary,political,academic,journalistic,argumentative,expository,etc.AldousHuxley:aliterarydeviceforsayingalmosteverythingaboutalmostanythingPersonalandtheautobiographical:theseusefragmentsofreflectiveautobiographytolookattheworldthroughthekeyholeofanecdoteanddescription.Objectiveandfactual:intheseessays,theauthorsdonotspeakdirectlyofthemselves,butturntheirattentionoutwardtosomeliteraryorscientificorpoliticaltheme.Abstract-universal:theseessaysmakethebest.ofallthethreeworldsinwhichitispossiblefortheessaytoexist.,Background,Genre,LiteraryEssay,TypesofessayFormaltheotherdogmatic教条的,impersonal无个人情感的,systematic,andexpository说明性的Structure:ratherloose,shapelessSamuelJohnson:anirregular,indigestedpiece,notaregularandorderlyperformance.Voice:usually“I”,Readersrole:Thereadergenerallybelieveswhattheessayistsaysistrue;hehasbeencalledontojoininthemakingofmeaning鼓励创造作品含义的创作,TextAnalysis,Theme,“TheRiteofSpring”rite习俗、仪式:asolemnceremonyoract;asetoffixedwordsoractsTheRiteofSpringbyStranvinsky:asacredpaganritualwherethewiseeldersareseatedinacircleandareobservingthedancebeforedeathofthegirlwhomtheyareofferingasasacrificetothegodofSpringinordertogainhisbenevolenceWhatdoes“TheRiteofspring”refertointhistext?Howisgardeningarite?Doesgardeningcarryanysymbolicmeaning?Isgardeningacelebrationofspring?,TheRiteofSpring,Unit3,TextAnalysis,TextAnalysis,Theme,Howdoyouunderstandthetitle“TheRiteofSpring”?Whataboutthetimingofwriting?Doesitcarryanysignificance?Doestheauthorenjoygardening?Findtextualevidence.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutgardening?Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardsgardening?,TextAnalysis,Structure,I.Gardeningasacelebrationofthecomingspring(1-2).II.Whygardening?(3-10)Gardeninginvolvesconflictandchoice-making.Gardeningteachesyouaboutnature.Gardeningisneuroticandmoral.Gardeninghelpscharacterbuilding.III.Gardeningenablespeopletostayhopefulforthefuture.(11-12),Ihaveneverunderstoodwhywekeepagardenandwhyover36yearsagowhenIboughtmyfirsthouseinthecountry,Istarteddiggingupapatchforvegetablesbeforedoinganythingelse.Fromtheselineswecaninferthattheauthorisnofarmer.Heonly“keeps”agardenasahobby,andhehaskeptitforover36years.country:countrysideAcustomerwhogoestothesupermarkettobuysomeeggs,andwhenheistoldthat“Theseeggsarefreshfromthecountry”,heasks“Whichcountry?”patch:asmallpieceoflandusuallyusedforgrowingvegetables.aplotofland:asmallpieceofland,butcanbeusedforbuildingorotherpurposes.,Whenyouthinkhoweasyandcheap,relatively,(parenthesis)itistobuyabunchofcarrotsorbeets,whyraisethem?relatively:inarelativesense相对来说较为容易relativelyeasyNotrelativelyeasierAndrootcropsespeciallyarehardtotellapart,whenstore-bought,fromourown.paraRootcropsareundergroundpartsofplantsandincluderhizomes/razm/根茎,tubers块茎,roots,stems,andleaves.OtherthanintheU.S.,WesternEuropeandJapan,theyareusuallyhandharvested.Rootcropsboughtfromstoresarehardtodistinguishbyourselves.,Thereisahumaninstinctatworkhere,akindofback-breakingmake-believethathasnoreality.Besides,Idontparticularlylikeeatingvegetables.Idmuchrathereatsomethingjuicyandfat.Likehotdogs.back-breaking:physicallyhardandtiringmake-believe:theactivityofpretendingthatsthisrealorthatasituationisbetterthanreallyis.伪装，假装这肯定是认得本性在起作用。人就喜欢脱离现实，毫无意义的瞎折腾。,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:SentenceParaphrase,.,Thereisahumaninstinctatworkhere,akindofback-breakingmake-believethathasnoreality.(para.1)Back-breaking:physicallyhardandtiringMake-believe:believinginthingsthatyouwanttobelievebecausetheyareeasyorexciting,butarenotrealAtwork:(lit.)tobehavinganeffect,usuallyanobviousorbadeffectParaphrasing:Perhapsgardeningishumannature.Weliketoexertourselvesyearafteryearworkinginthegarden,believingthisyearsharvestwillbebetter,justlikewecanalwaysrevivehopeafterrepeatedfailures.,Now,ifyoucouldraisehotdogsoutsideyourwindow,youdreallyhavesomethingyoucouldjustifywithoutasecondshesitation.theauthorcomparesraisingplantswithhotdogsAsitis,though,IcannotdenythatwhenAprilcomesIfindmyselfgoingouttoleanonthefenceandlookatthatmiserableplotofland,resolvingwithallmyrationalpowersnottoplantitagain.IcannotdenythatIresolvedwithallmysensiblepowerstonottoplanttheplotoflandagainwhenButinevitablyamorningarriveswhen,justasIamawakening,ascentwaftsthroughthewindow,somethinglikeearth-as-air,ascentthatseemstocomeupfromtheverycenterofthisplanet.但是很难避免有这样一个早上，当我早上醒来的时候，一股香味从窗外飘进，就好像来自地球中心泥土的清新味。然而，总有那么一天，当我早晨醒来的时候，一股香味似乎从窗外飘进，就好像来自地球中心泥土的清香。,Andthesunmeansbusiness,suddenly,andhasadifferent,deeperyellowinitsbeamsonthecarpet.Thebirdsbeginscreaminghysterically,thinkingwhatIamthinkingthewormsaredeliciouslywormingtheirwaythroughthemeltingsoil.,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:MainIdea,Whatdoyouknowaboutthefactsoftheauthorsgardening?Whydidtheykeepthegarden?Whatdoyoumakeofthecomparisonbetweenrootcropsandhotdogs?Whycantheresistthetemptationtoplantdespitetheseemingunwillingness?Why“inevitably”?Whatdoyouthinkisthetoneofpara.1?Whatdoyouthinkofthelastfewdescriptivesentencesinpara.2?,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:Wordsbeseriousaboutsth.youhavetodoParaphrasing:Thesunshinesmorebrightlyanditsgettingwarmer.,Itisnotonlypleasuresendingmebacktostareatthatplotofsoil,itisreallyconflict.Thiscanbetakenasanellipticalsentence.Thecompletesentenceshouldbe:Itisnotonlypleasurethatsendsmebacktostareatthatplotofsoil,itisreallyconflict.Thequestionisthesameeachyearwhatmethodshouldweuse?Thelastfewyearsweput36-inch-wideblackplasticbetweentherows,anditworkedperfectly,keepingthesoilmoistindrytimesandweed-free.Tr20-year-oldman,two-meter-deepwaterHesatonthesecondrow.Wecannotrowthelittleboatacrosstheswiftriver.Hesaidthathehadaterriblerowwithhiswifeyesterday.,Thelastfewyearsweput36-inch-wideblackplasticbetweentherows,anditworkedperfectly,keepingthesoilmoistindrytimesandweed-free.TrPayattentiontotheuseof“free”Heboughtsomegiftsforhisdaughterattheairportduty-freeshops.Ourfoodusedtobepollution-free.Theclaimtheircitytobehousefly-free.几年前，我们在一行行蔬菜之间放上了36英寸宽的黑塑料薄膜。效果不错，干旱的时候能够保湿，而且保证没有杂草。前几年，我们在菜园的垄地间放上了36英寸宽的黑塑料薄膜。效果极好，干旱的时候能够保湿，而且保证没有杂草。,Butblackplasticlookssoindustrial,sounromantic,thatIhavegraduallymovedovertohaymulch.Wecutalotofhayand,asitrots,itdoesimprovethesoilscomposition.Besides,itlookslovely,andcomestousfree.Butblackplasticlookssounnatural(becauseitismadeinfactories)anduglythatIhavegraduallychanged/shiftedtohaymulch.Weed:aplantyoudonotwantMulch:longgrass,cutanddriedforfeedinganimalsReed:atall,thinplantthatgrowsnearwater,oftenusedformakingthings.,Keepingagardenmakesyouawareofhowdelicate,bountiful,andeasilyruinedthesurfaceofthislittleplanetis.Keepingagardenletsusknowhowfragile,bountifulandhoweasilytheearthwillbedamaged.Inthat50-by-70-footpatchtheremustbeadozendifferenttypesofsoil.Tomatowontgrowinonepartbutlovesanother,andthesamegoesfortheothercrops.Isupposeifyouloadedthesoilwithchemicalfertilizerthesedifferenceswouldbelessnoticeable,butIuseitsparinglyandonlyinrowsrightwhereseedsareplantedratherthanbroadcastoverthewholearea.ImnotsurewhyIdothisbeyondthesavinginfertilizerandmyunwillingnesstoaidtheweeds.Beyond:except(usedinnegativesentences)e.g.Idontknowanythingaboutthisbeyondwhatyoutoldme.Hehadnootherincomebeyondhisretiredpension.我不知道我为什么这么做，我只是想省点化肥，也不想给杂草占便宜。,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:Exercise,1.Abunchof_/_/_/_/2._/_/_/_onesway3.尽管意识形态上仍有不同，近年来两国间的合作不断加强。4.他这次似乎是认真的，还制定了一个详细的五年计划。5.一个难民小心地、慢慢地从铁丝网的下面钻了过去。,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:KeystoExercise,1.Abunchofpeople/flowers/vegetables/fruits/keys,etc.2.work/make/shoulder/inch/bow/beg,etc.onesway3.尽管意识形态上仍有不同，近年来两国间的合作不断加强。Despitetheideologicaldifferencesatwork,thetwocountrieshavestrengthenedtheircooperationinrecentyears.4.他这次似乎是认真的，还制定了一个详细的五年计划。Heseemstomeanbusinessthistime;hehasevenmadeadetailedfive-yearplan.5.一个难民小心地、慢慢地从铁丝网的下面钻了过去。Arefugeecarefullywormedhis/herwaythroughunderthewirefence.,Theattractionsofgardening,Ithink,atleastforacertainnumberofgardeners,areneuroticandmoral.Wheneverlifeseemspointlessanddifficulttograsp,youcanalwaysgetoutinthegardenandgetsomethingdone.Also,yourpaternalormaternalinstinctscomeintoplaybecausehelplesslivingthingsaredependingonyou,requiretrainingandencouragementandprotectionfromenemies.Insomecases,aswithbeansandcucumbers,yourchildrenasitwere/asyoumaysaybegintoturnuponyouinmassivenumbers,growingmoreandmoreeachmorningandthreateningtofollowyouintothehousetostrangleyouintheirvines.Theauthorhereisdescribinghowthebeansandcucumberscangrowinmassivenumbersandcometohimsuddenlyasiftostranglehimintheirvines.Theword“strangle”heredoesnotreallymeantochokehimtodeath.Heissayingthesenumerousbeansandcucumbersarelikenaughtyandplayfulchildren,strugglingtoembracehimatthesametime,makinghimalmosthardtobreathe.,Gardeningisamoraloccupation,aswell,becauseyoualwaysstartinspringresolvedtokeepitlookingneatthisyear,justlikethepicturesinthecatalogues.ButbyJuly,youonceagainfacethechaosofunthinnedcarrots,lettuceandbeets.Thisiswhenmywifebecomesopenlynowmistressofthegarden.Aconsumerofvastquantitiesofvegetables,shedoesthethinningandhand-cultivatingofthetinyplants.Squatting,shepatientlymovesdowneachrowselectingwhichplantsshallliveandwhichshewillcastaside.unthinnedcarrots:carrotsallowedtogrowinsuchawaythatnonecessaryspaceisleftinbetween.Aconsumerofvastquantitiesofvegetables,shedoesthethinningandhand-cultivatingofthetinyplants.Squatting,shepatientlymovesdowneachrowselectingwhichplantsshallliveandwhichshewillcastaside.castaside:togetridof/throwaway,Ataboutthistime,mywifes86-year-oldmother,abotanist,makesherfirstvisittothegarden.Shelooksaboutskeptically/doubtfully.Herfavoritetaskisbindingthetomatoplantstostakes桩、柱.Sheisanoutspoken,truthfulwoman,orshewasuntilshelearnedbetter.outspokenandtruthful:straightforwardSheisastraightforwardpersonorshewasthiskindofpersonuntilsherealizeditwasunwiseandchangedherways.Now,insteadofsaying,Youhaveplantedthetomatoesinthedamppartofthegarden,shewaitsuntilOctoberwhenshemakesherannualtriptoherhomeinEurope;thenshegivesmemygood-bykissandsayscasually,Tomatoesindampsoiltendmoretogetfungi,andwalksawaytoherplane.ButbyOctobernothinginthegardenmatters,sosureamIthatIwillneverplantitagain.,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII:MainIdea,Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthat“conflict”sendshimbacktogarden?Whydoestheauthorusefertilizerssparingly?Whydoeshesay“Imnotsure”?Howdoyouunderstandhisclaimthatgardeningis“neurotic”and“moral”?Doyouagree?Howdoyouunderstand“Agardenisanextensionofoneself”?,Igarden,Isuppose,becauseImust.Itwouldbeintolerabletohavetopassanunplantedfencedgardenafewtimesaday.Therearealsocertaincompensations,andthesemustbewhatannuallyturnmymindtowardallthatwork.Therearefewsightsquiteasbeautifulasavegetablegardenglisteninginthesun,alldewyandglitteringwithadozenshadesofgreenatseveninthemorning.Farlovelier,infact,thanrowsofhotdogs.Insomepocketofthemindtheremayevenbeatendencytochangethisvisionintoapersonalreassurancethatallthishealthygrowth,thisorderlinessandthrustinglifemustsomehowreflectsimilarmovementsinonesownspirit.WithoutagardentotillandplantIwouldnotknowwhatAprilwasfor.,Asitis,Aprilisforgettingirritatedalloveragainatthispointless,time-consuminghobby.Idonotunderstandpeoplewhoclaimtolovegardening.Agardenisanextensionofoneselforselvesandsoithastobeanarenawherestrivingdoesnotcease,butcontinuesbyothermeans.Asanexample:yousimplyhavetofacethemomentwhenyoumustadmitthatthelettucewasplantedtoodeeporwasnotwateredenough,ceasehopingitwillshowitselftomorrow,anddiguptherowagain.Butyouwillfeelbetterfornotstandingonyourdignity.Andthatswhatgardeningisallaboutcharacterbuilding.WhichiswhyAdamwasagardener.(Andallknowwhereitgothim,too.),Butisitconceivablethatthefatherofusallshouldhavebeenaweaver,shoemaker,oranythingbutagardener?Ofcoursenot.Onlythegardeneriscapableofendlesslyrevivingsomuchhopethatthisyear,regardlessofdrought,flood,typhoon,orhisownstupidity,thisyearheisgoingtodoitright!LeaveittoGodtohavepickedtheproperoccupationforhisonlycreaturecapableofsuchself-delusion.Isupposeitshouldbeadded,forhonestyssake,thattheabovewaswrittenononeofthecoldestdaysinDecember.,arena,Thecreditbelongstothemanwhoisactuallyinthearenas,whosefaceismarredbydustandsweatandblood,whostrivesvaliantly,whoerrs,andcomesshortagainandagain.,backbreaking,backchatbackdatebackcombbackpackbackbone,回嘴，顶嘴追溯到倒梳背包脊骨,beet，redasabeet,bind,1.v.Ifsomethingbindspeopletogether,itmakesthemfeelasiftheyareallpartofthesamegrouporhavesomethingincommon2.v.Ifyouareboundbysomethingsuchasarule,agreement,orrestriction,youareforcedorrequiredtoactinacertainway.(法律、道德、义务、爱情等)束缚3.v.Ifyoubindsomethingorsomeone,youtierope,string,tape,orothermaterialaroundthemsothattheyareheldfirmly4.v.Ifsomeoneisboundoverbyacourtorajudge,theyaregivenanorderandmustdoastheordersaysforaparticularperiodoftime.Onmanyoccasionsdemonstratorswereboundovertokeepthepeace.-4很多情况下，示威者都要确保不闹事。Theauthoritieswillbelegallyboundtoarrestanysuspects.-2当局负有逮捕所有疑犯的法律责任。.theredtapewhichwasusedtobindthefiles.-3用来捆扎文件的红带子.thesocialandpoliticaltiesthatbindtheUSAtoBritain.-1将美国和英国紧紧相连的社会和政治纽带,botanistbtnst,-植物学botanybtni-植物学的botanicalbtnkl-植物园botanicalgarden,bountifulbantfl,1.adj.Abountifulsupplyoramountofsomethingpleasantisalargeone.丰富的、大量的2.adj.Abountifulareaorperiodoftimeproducesorprovideslargeamountsofsomething,especiallyfood.(地域或时期)物产丰富的Stateaidislessbountifulthanitwasbefore.-1国家提供的援助比以往减少了。Thelandisbountifulandnoonestarves.-2这片土地物产丰富，没有人挨饿。,bunch,Wedidabunchofsongstogether.我们一起唱了很多首歌。Georgetookoutabunchofkeysandwenttoworkonthecomplicatedlock.乔治掏出一串钥匙，上前去鼓捣那把结构复杂的锁。Lilyhadfallenasleepclutchingafatbunchofgrapes.莉莉手里抓着一大串葡萄睡着了。Hehadleftahugebunchofflowersinherhotelroom.他在她宾馆房间里留下了一大束花。Wewereaprettyinexperiencedbunchofpeoplereally.我们事实上是一些相当没有经验的人。,catalogue,catalogueoffailure一连串的失败TheRoyalGreenwichObservatorywasfoundedtoobserveandcataloguethestars.当初创立皇家格林尼治天文台就是为了观察星体并对其进行编目,chaos,complete/utter/absolutechaos极度混乱inchaos凌乱不堪=beinamess,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII:SentenceParaphrase,ImnotsurewhyIdothisbeyondthesavinginfertilizerandmyunwillingnesstoaidtheweeds.(para.5)Beyond:except(innegativesentences)Eg.Hehasnoideaofthecurrentsituationbeyondwhatlittleheistold.Paraphrase:IdontknowwhyIonlyuseverylittlefertilizer;maybeIdontwanttospendtoomuchonfertilizer,ormaybeIdontwanttheweedstothriveonfertilizer.Butcertainlytherearemorereasons.,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII:SentenceParaphrase,.,Sheisanoutspoken,truthfulwoman,orshewasuntilshelearnedbetter.(para.8)Learnbetter:learnthatitisnotwiseormoraltodosth.Cf.knowbetter(thantodosth.):tobewiseormoralenoughnottodosth.很懂得(而不至于)；不至于蠢到Paraphrasing:Sheusedtobeawomanwhospokehermindandwhowasalwaysstraightforwardinherspeech,butnowshehaslearnedfromexperiencesthatitisnotwisetodoso.,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII:SentenceParaphrase,Insomepocketofthemindtheremightevenbethetendencytochangethisvisionintoapersonalassurancethatallthishealthygrowth,thisorderlinessandthrustinglifemustsomehowreflectmovementsinonesownspirit.(para.9)Paraphrasing:Insomesmallcornerofthemind,Iameveninclinedtobelievethatsuchbeautifulviewofthegardencanbetransformedintoaspiritualcertainty;Ifeelcertainthatjustlikethiswell-organizedandarrangedgardenandthelifeandvitalityofeverythinggrowinginit,myspiritisequallyactiveaswellasinorder.,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII:SentenceParaphrase,.,Agardeninanextensionofoneselforselvesandsoithastobeanarenawherestrivingdoesnotcease,butcontinuesbyothermeans.(para.10)Paraphrasing:Agardenislikeyoursecondself,oraprojectionofyourselfinnature;whateveryoudoinreallifecontinuesinyourgarden.Soagardenmustbeastatewhereyoureffortforachievementsneverstops,butcarriesonindifferentways.,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartII:Words可相信的例：Withouttheirsupport,theprojectwouldnothavebeenconceivable.若没有他们的支持，这个项目是无法想像的。,conflict,comeintoconflict发生争执conflictofinterest利益冲突collocations：inconflictwith和冲突conflictwith冲突；与抵触inconflict有矛盾；不一致conflictofinterest利益冲突；公职人员对公众义务与其本身利益相冲突conflictresolution冲突解决；冲突消除,consume,time-consuming耗时的consumedwith被【某种情感】所折磨Hewasconsumedwithguiltaftertheaccident.那次事故以后，他深感内疚。,glisten,平静的海面在阳光下波光粼粼。Thecalmseaglistenedinthesunlight.,glittering,glitteringjewels,glistenv.s.glitter,gl