应用化学专业英语翻译朱红军

Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research在化学研究出版的伦理指南 The guidelines embodied in this document were revised by the Editors of the Publications Division of the American Chemical Society in May 2014. 指导方针体现在本文件进行了修订，由美国化学学会出版部编辑在2014五月。Preface前言The American Chemical Society serves the chemistry profession and society at large in many ways, among them by publishing journals which present the results of scientific and engineering research. Every editor of a Society journal has the responsibility to establish and maintain guidelines for selecting and accepting papers submitted to that journal. In the main, these guidelines derive from the Societys definition of the scope of the journal and from the editors perception of standards of quality for scientific work and its presentation. 美国化学学会的服务在许多方面大化学专业和社会，其中通过出版期刊目前的科学和工程研究的结果。一个社会杂志每个编辑有责任建立和维护用于选择和接受提交，期刊论文指南。在主体方面，这些指导方针来自该杂志的社会的定义和科学工作及其呈现的质量标准编辑的看法。 An essential feature of a profession is the acceptance by its members of a code that outlines desirable behavior and specifies obligations of members to each other and to the public. Such a code derives from a desire to maximize perceived benefits to society and to the profession as a whole and to limit actions that might serve the narrow self-interests of individuals. The advancement of science requires the sharing of knowledge between individuals, even though doing so may sometimes entail forgoing some immediate personal advantage.一个行业的一个重要特征是接受它的成员的一个代码，勾勒出理想的行为和指定义务的成员彼此的公共。这样的代码来自于欲望的最大化利益的社会和行业作为一个整体，限制行动，可能为个人狭隘的自我利益。知识个体之间的共享，科学的发展需要，尽管这样做有时可能需要放弃一些眼前的个人利益。With these thoughts in mind, the editors of journals published by the American Chemical Society now present a set of ethical guidelines for persons engaged in the publication of chemical research, specifically, for editors, authors, and manuscript reviewers. These guidelines are offered not in the sense that there is any immediate crisis in ethical behavior, but rather from a conviction that the observance of high ethical standards is so vital to the whole scientific enterprise that a definition of those standards should be brought to the attention of all concerned带着这些想法，由美国化学学会出版的期刊的编辑，现在一套伦理准则从事化学研究，出版个人专，编辑，作者和审稿人。这些指导方针不是说有道德行为的任何直接的危机，而是从一个信念，高道德标准的遵守是整个科学的企业，这些标准的定义应该引起所有关注如此重要 We believe that most of the guidelines now offered are already understood and subscribed to by the majority of experienced research chemists. They may, however, be of substantial help to those who are relatively new to research. Even well-established scientists may appreciate an opportunity to review matters so significant to the practice of science. 我们相信，大多数现在提供的指南已经了解和订阅由经验丰富的研究人员多数。他们可以，但是，有实质性的帮助那些谁是较新的研究。即使是公认的科学家可以欣赏机会审查事项，以科学的实践意义。Guidelines指导方针Ethical Obligations of Editors of Scientific Journals科技期刊的编辑的道德义务1.An editor should give unbiased consideration to all manuscripts offered for publication, judging each on its merits without regard to race, religion, nationality, sex, seniority, or institutional affiliation of the author(s). An editor may, however, take into account relationships of a manuscript immediately under consideration to others previously or concurrently offered by the same author(s). 编辑应该给予公正的考虑所有的手稿给出版，判断每个是非曲直不分种族，宗教，国籍，性别，资历，或所属机构的作者（S）。编辑的可能，然而，考虑到关系的手稿立即向其他先前或由同一作者在考虑同时提供（S）。2.An editor should consider manuscripts submitted for publication with all reasonable speed 编辑应该考虑提交以合理的速度出版的手稿3.The sole responsibility for acceptance or rejection of a manuscript rests with the editor. Responsible and prudent exercise of this duty normally requires that the editor seek advice from reviewers, chosen for their expertise and good judgment, as to the quality and reliability of manuscripts submitted for publication. However, manuscripts may be rejected without external review if considered by the editors to be inappropriate for the journal. Such rejections may be based on the failure of the manuscript to fit the scope of the journal, to be of current or sufficiently broad interest, to provide adequate depth of content, to be written in acceptable English, or other reasons. 接受或拒绝一个手稿的唯一责任编辑。负责和谨慎义务的行使通常要求编辑咨询者，选择了他们的专业知识和良好的判断力，对质量和提交出版的手稿的可靠性。然而，手稿可能拒绝没有外部审查如果编辑认为不宜杂志。这样的拒绝可能基于手稿未能符合期刊的范围，成为当前或足够广泛的兴趣，提供的内容足够的深度，是用可接受的英语，或其他原因。4.The editor and members of the editors staff should not disclose any information about a manuscript under consideration to anyone other than those from whom professional advice is sought. (However, an editor who solicits, or otherwise arranges beforehand, the submission of manuscripts may need to disclose to a prospective author the fact that a relevant manuscript by another author has been received or is in preparation.) After a decision has been made about a manuscript, the editor and members of the editors staff may disclose or publish manuscript titles and authors names of papers that have been accepted for publication, but no more than that unless the authors permission has been obtained. If a decision has been made to reject a manuscript for ethical violations, the editor and members of the editors staff may disclose the manuscript title and authors names to other ACS journal editors. 编辑和编辑的工作人员不得透露任何关于手稿在考虑任何人比其他人的专业意见，寻求。（然而，编辑谁唆使，或事先安排好的，稿件提交可能需要披露给未来的作者事实上被另一个作者的相关稿件已收到或正在准备中。）后决定了稿件，编辑和编辑的工作人员不得泄露或发布稿件的标题和作者，已接受发表论文的名字，但没有比这更多，除非作者的许可已获得。如果已决定拒绝违反道德规范的稿件，编辑和编辑的工作人员不得透露其他ACS期刊编辑稿件的标题和作者的名字。5.An editor should respect the intellectual independence of authors 编辑要尊重作者的知识产权的独立性6.Editorial responsibility and authority for any manuscript authored by an editor and submitted to the editors journal should be delegated to some other qualified person, such as another editor of that journal or a member of its Editorial Advisory Board. Editorial consideration of the manuscript in any way or form by the author-editor would constitute a conflict of interest, and is therefore improper. 编辑的职责和权限的任何稿件撰写的编辑和提交给编辑的期刊应委托给其他有资格的人，如另一个编辑，杂志或编辑顾问委员会成员。由作者编辑以任何方式或形式的稿件编辑的考虑会构成利益冲突，因此是不恰当的。7.Unpublished information, arguments, or interpretations disclosed in a submitted manuscript should not be used in an editors own research except with the consent of the author. However, if such information indicates that some of the editors own research is unlikely to be profitable, the editor could ethically discontinue the work. When a manuscript is so closely related to the current or past research of an editor as to create a conflict of interest, the editor should arrange for some other qualified person to take editorial responsibility for that manuscript. In some cases, it may be appropriate to tell an author about the editors research and plans in that area. 未公开的信息，观点，或解释一个提交的稿件不应该用在一个编辑的研究除了与作者的许可。然而，如果这样的信息表明，一些编辑的研究是不可能赚钱的，可在停止工作。当手稿与一个编辑的当前或过去的研究建立一个利益冲突如此密切，编辑应该安排一些其他有资格的人来承担责任，稿件编辑。在某些情况下，它可能是适当的，告诉作者关于编辑器的研究与计划。8.If an editor is presented with convincing evidence that the main substance or conclusions of a report published in an editors journal are erroneous, the editor should facilitate publication of an appropriate report pointing out the error and, if possible, correcting it. The report may be written by the person who discovered the error or by an original author . 如果一个编辑提出了令人信服的证据表明，发表在一个编辑的杂志上的一篇报告的主要内容和结论是错误的，编辑应促进适当的报告指出错误的出版，如果可能的话，纠正它。该报告可能会被人发现的错误或一个原创文章的原作者写的。9.An author may request that the editor not use certain reviewers in consideration of a manuscript. However, the editor may decide to use one or more of these reviewers, if the editor feels their opinions are important in the fair consideration of a manuscript. This might be the case, for example, when a manuscript seriously disagrees with the previous work of a potential reviewer. 作者可以要求编辑不使用某些评论者在手稿的考虑。然而，编辑可以使用一个或更多的这些评论，如果编辑认为他们的意见在一个公平的考虑是重要的手稿。例如这种情况可能是因为，当手稿严重不同意的一个潜在的审稿人以前的工作。B .Ethical Obligations of editors of Authors编辑作者的道德义务Authors are expected to adhere to the following ethical guidelines; infractions may result in the application of sanctions by the editor(s), including but not limited to the suspension or revocation of publishing privileges. 作者将坚持遵循道德准则；违规行为可能会导致由编辑器申请制裁（S），包括但不限于出版特权暂停或撤销。1.An authors central obligation is to present an accurate and complete account of the research performed, absolutely avoiding deception, including the data collected or used, as well as an objective discussion of the significance of the research. Data are defined as information collected or used in generating research conclusions. The research report and the data collected should contain sufficient detail and reference to public sources of information to permit a trained professional to reproduce the experimental observations 作者的中心义务是目前的研究进行了一个准确、完整的账户，绝对避免欺骗，包括收集和使用的数据，以及研究的意义进行客观的讨论. 数据被定义为收集或用于发电的研究结论信息。研究报告和收集的数据应包含足够的细节和参考信息公共资源许可的专业训练，重现的实验观察2.An author should recognize that journal space is a precious resource created at considerable cost. An author therefore has an obligation to use it wisely and economically. 作者应该认识到杂志的空间是一种宝贵的资源在相当大的成本创造。作者因此有责任明智和经济地使用它。3.When requested, the authors should make every reasonable effort to provide data, methods, and samples of unusual materials unavailable elsewhere, such as clones, microorganism strains, antibodies, etc., to other researchers, with appropriate material transfer agreements to restrict the field of use of the materials so as to protect the legitimate interests of the authors. Authors are encouraged to submit their data to a public database, where available. 当被请求时，并应尽一切合理的努力提供数据，方法，和其他地方没有不寻常的材料样品，如克隆，微生物菌种，抗体，等等，其他的研究人员，用适当的材料转移协议限制使用的材料领域，以保护作者的合法权益。鼓励作者提交他们的数据到一个公共数据库，可用。4.An author should cite those publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work and that will guide the reader quickly to the earlier work that is essential for understanding the present investigation. Except in a review, citation of work that will not be referred to in the reported research should be minimized. An author is obligated to perform a literature search to find, and then cite, the original publications that describe closely related work. For critical materials used in the work, proper citation to sources should also be made when these were supplied by a nonauthor. 作者应该把这些出版物，在确定报告的工作性质的影响，很快就会引导读者的前期工作，是认识现状调查必不可少。除了评论，引用的工作不会被提到的研究应尽量减少。作者有义务履行检索，然后举出，原来的出版物描述密切相关的工作。在工作中使用的关键材料，适当的引文的来源也应当被nonauthor提供。5.Any unusual hazards inherent in the chemicals, equipment, or procedures used in an investigation should be clearly identified in a manuscript reporting the work. Authors should inform the editor if a manuscript could be considered to report research that, based on current understanding, can be reasonably expected to provide knowledge, products, or technologies that could be directly misapplied by others to pose a threat to public health and safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, the environment, or materiel. 任何不寻常的危险化学品，设备本身，或用在侦查程序中应明确手稿报告确定的工作。作者应该如果手稿是研究报告，通知编辑，根据目前的了解，可以合理预期提供知识，技术，产品，或能直接被其他人对公共健康和安全的威胁，农作物和其他植物，动物，环境，或物料。6.Fragmentation of research reports should be avoided. A scientist who has done extensive work on a system or group of related systems should organize publication so that each report gives a well-rounded account of a particular aspect of the general study. Fragmentation consumes journal space excessively and unduly complicates literature searches. The convenience of readers is served if reports on related studies are published in the same journal, or in a small number of journals. 研究报告应避免碎片。一位科学家做了一个系统或相关系统集团广泛的工作应该组织出版，每个报告给出的一般研究某一方面的一个全面的考虑。碎片化消费空间过度和过分复杂的期刊文献检索。会给读者带来方便相关研究报告发表在同一杂志上，或在少数期刊。7.In submitting a manuscript for publication, an author should inform the editor of related manuscripts that the author has under editorial consideration or in press. Copies of those manuscripts should be supplied to the editor, and the relationships of such manuscripts to the one submitted should be indicated. 在提交出版，作者应通知相关稿件的编辑，在编辑的考虑或有新闻作者。这些手稿的副本应提供给编辑，和一个提交的稿件应注明这样的关系。8.It is improper for an author to submit manuscripts describing essentially the same research to more than one journal of primary publication, unless it is a resubmission of a manuscript rejected for or withdrawn from publication. It is generally permissible to submit a manuscript for a full paper expanding on a previously published brief preliminary account (a “communication” or “letter”) of the same work. However, at the time of submission, the editor should be made aware of the earlier communication, and the preliminary communication should be cited in the manuscript. 一个作者提交描述基本相同的研究，主要出版超过一个手稿是不妥的，除非它是一个重新提交一份手稿拒绝或退出出版。它一般是允许提交手稿全文扩大先前公布的简短的初步帐户（“通信”或“信”）的同一作品。然而，在投稿时，编辑应该意识到早期的沟通，并初步交流应该在稿件中引用。9.An author should identify the source of all information quoted or offered, except that which is common knowledge. Information obtained privately, as in conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, should not be used or reported in the authors work without explicit permission from the investigator with whom the information originated. Information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, should be treated similarly. 作者应确定所有引用或提供信息源，但这是常识。获得的信息说，在谈话中，信件，或讨论与第三方的，不应使用或报告的作者的工作中没有明确的许可，由调查员谁的信息来源。在服务过程中获得的机密信息，如裁判的手稿或资助申请，应同样对待。10.An experimental or theoretical study may sometimes justify criticism, even severe criticism, of the work of another scientist. When appropriate, such criticism may be offered in published papers. However, in no case is personal criticism considered to be appropriate. 一个实验或理论研究可能证明的批评，甚至是严厉的批评，对另一位科学家的工作。在适当的时候，这样的批评可能是发表论文提供。然而，在任何情况下，个人的批评被认为是适当的。11.The co-authors of a paper should be all those persons who have made significant scientific contributions to the work reported and who share responsibility and accountability for the results. Authors should appropriately recognize the contributions of technical staff and data professionals. Other contributions should be indicated in a footnote or an “Acknowledgments” section. An administrative relationship to the investigation does not of itself qualify a person for co-authorship (but occasionally it may be appropriate to acknowledge major administrative assistance). Deceased persons who meet the criterion for inclusion as co-authors should be so included, with a footnote reporting date of death. No fictitious name should be listed as an author or coauthor. The author who submits a manuscript for publication accepts the responsibility of having included as co-authors all persons appropriate and none inappropriate. The submitting author should have sent each living co-author a draft copy of the manuscript and have obtained the co-authors assent to co-authorship of it. 一篇论文的共同作者应该是那些对工作有重大的科学贡献的报道和谁分享结果的责任。作者应该正确认识贡献的技术人员和专业的数据。其他贡献应显示在脚注或“致谢”部分。在调查的行政关系本身并不符合一个合著者（也可适当承认行政协助专业）。已故者的满足包含作为共同作者的标准应该包括一个脚注，死亡日期报告。没有虚构的名字应该被列为作者或合著者。作者提交出版接受责任具有作为共同作者所有人适当和不适当的。作者应该把每个生活合著的手稿草稿获得作者的同意合著了。 12.The corresponding author must reveal to the editor and to the readers of the journal any potential and/or relevant competing financial or other interest (of all authors) that might be affected by publication of the results contained in the authors manuscript. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding of the research reported must be clearly stated at the time of manuscript submission and will be included in the published article. In addition, all authors must declare (1) the existence of any significant financial interest ($5,000 or 5% equity interest) in corporate or commercial entities dealing with the subject of the manuscript; (2) any employment or other relationship (within the past three years) with entities that have a financial or other interest in the results of the manuscript (to include paid consulting, expert testimony, honoraria, and membership of advisory boards or committees of the entity). The corresponding author must advise the editor at the time of submission either that there is no conflict of interest to declare, or should disclose potential conflicts of interest that will be acknowledged in the published article. 相应的作者必须向编辑和读者的杂志，任何潜在的和/或相关竞争财务或其他利益（所有作者）可能包含在作者的手稿公布结果的影响。利益冲突的研究资金来源的报告必须在提交稿件时明确表示，将在包括发表的文章。此外，所有作者必须申报（1）任何重大财务利益的存在（ 5000美元或 5%股权）在企业或商业处理稿件的主体；（2）任何工作或其他关系（在过去的三年中，有一个）的财务或其他利益手稿的结果实体（包括有偿咨询，专家证言，谢礼，以及实体咨询委员会或委员会会员）。相应的作者必须向编辑提交，没有利益冲突申报时间，或应披露潜在的利益冲突，将在发表文章承认。13. Plagiarism is not acceptable in ACS journals. ACS journals adhere to the U.S. National Science Foundation definition of plagiarism as “the appropriation of another persons ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit” (45 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 689.1). Authors should not engage in plagiarism - verbatim or near-verbatim copying, or very close paraphrasing, of text or results from anothers work. Authors should not engage in self-plagiarism (also known as duplicate publication) - unacceptably close replication of the authors own previously published text or results without acknowledgement of the source. ACS applies a “reasonable person” standard when deciding whether a submission constitutes self-plagiarism/duplicate publication. If one or two identical sentences previously published by an author appear in a subsequent work by the same author, this is unlikely to be regarded as duplicate publication. Material quoted verbatim from the authors previously published work must be placed in quotation marks. In contrast, it is unacceptable for an author to include significant verbatim or near-verbatim portions of his/her own work, or to depict his/her previously published results or methodology as new, without acknowledging the source. (Modeled with permission from Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics: Authorial Integrity in Scientific Publication 13。抄袭在ACS期刊是不可接受的。ACS期刊坚持美国国家科学基金会剽窃的定义为“对他人的想法，拨款过程的结果，或者说，没有给予适当的信贷”（45联邦法规法典