（新课标）高考英语一轮总复习语法十五、构词法教案牛津译林版.docx

十五、构词法对应学生用书p199在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1(2019全国卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave_(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名) hertobeCheshiresWomanOfTheYear.2(2019浙江卷)Schooluniformsare_(tradition) inBritain, butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.3(2019北京卷)Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend, anditsnevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand_(meaning) collegeexperience.4(2018浙江卷) _(recent), caffeinehasfounditswayintoorange, apple, andotherflavoreddrinks.5(2018全国卷)Toavoidkneepain, youcanrunonsoftsurfaces, doexercisesto_(strength) yourlegmuscles(肌肉), avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.答案与解析1finally。考查副词用法。根据空格所处的位置可知，此处应用副词形式做状语，修饰谓语动词havebeenacknowledged，意为“最终得到认可”，故填finally。2traditional。考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。这里做表语，常用形容词，故填traditional。3meaningful。句意：在考虑上哪所大学之前，学生应该对大学有一个正确的态度，为一个健康和有意义的大学体验做必要的准备永远不会太早。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处用形容词做定语修饰名词collegeexperience。4Recently。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰整个句子，故填recent的副词形式。5strengthen。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式做目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。对应学生用书p199(一)派生法1形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加lyextremeextremely尤其stupidstupidly傻地改y为ilyhappyhappily快乐地merrymerrily快乐地去e加lytruetruly真地2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率；功效accurateaccuracy准确性domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom明智；智慧encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点carelesscarelessness粗心大意thstrongstrength力气；强项widewidth宽度ytyitydifficultdifficulty困难；难题responsibleresponsibility责任3.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival到来anceappearappearance出现；外貌performperformance表演；节目enceexistexistence存在；生存referreference参考；查阅ionconstructconstruction建设evaluateevaluation评估ationconsiderconsideration考虑imagineimagination想象力(s)siondiscussdiscussion讨论；辩论admitadmission接纳；准许入学inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始mentargueargument辩论；论据equipequipment设备urefailfailure失败；没做到(应做之事)presspressure压力turemixmixture混合；混合物departdeparture离开；出发yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现其他varyvariety多样化；种类tendtendency趋向；趋势4.表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：后缀例词ervillagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人arlieliar说谎者eeemployemployee受雇者；雇员interviewinterviewee被面试者orinventinventor发明家educateeducator教育家；教师essstewardstewardess女乘务员hosthostess女主人；女主持人eseChinaChinese中国人JapanJapanese日本人anAmericaAmerican美国人AustraliaAustralian澳大利亚人ianhistoryhistorian历史学家politicspolitician政治家；政客istspecialspecialist专家tourtourist旅行者；观光者antparticipateparticipant参加者assistassistant助手5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的alpersonpersonal个人的；私人的naturenatural自然的；天生的fulhopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的edconfuseconfused感到困惑的borebored感到厌倦的ingsurprisesurprising令人惊讶的convinceconvincing令人信服的ibleaccessaccessible容易到达的；容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的iveeffecteffective有效的；生效的instructinstructive有教育意义的ousanxietyanxious忧虑的curiositycurious好奇的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的wealthwealthy富裕的；丰富的dirtdirty有灰尘的；脏的erneasteastern东方的westwestern西方的ishfoolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish自私的icsciencescientific科学的electricityelectric电的aryimagineimaginary想象的；虚构的6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前缀例词disadvantagedisadvantage缺点comfortdiscomfort不舒适illegalillegal不合法的impatientimpatient不耐烦的moralimmoral不道德的informalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的irregularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的misleadmislead误导understandmisunderstand误解unwiseunwise不明智的willingunwilling不愿意的happyunhappy不高兴的lesshopehopeless绝望的carecareless粗心的7.变动词的前缀和后缀前缀与后缀例词enlargeenlarge扩大richenrich使充实；使丰富enstrengthstrengthen加强broadbroaden使变宽hardharden使变硬ifyclassclassify把分类beautybeautify美化izeapologyapologize道歉(二)转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种