并列句和状语从句

并列句和状语从句一并列句用法连词例句表并列、递进或顺承关系and, bothand， neithernor， not onlybut also， as well asThe earth is one of the suns planets, the moon is our satellite.表转折关系but(不可与although连用)，yetWhat we are about to do is perfectly legal. please dont discuss it with anyone.表选择关系eitheror， notbut, or, or else, rather thanNow you can have a rest you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。表因果关系for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)，soHe found it increasingly difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail.when“就在这时，突然”sb. be about to do/on the point of doing sth. when某人正要做某事，突然One Friday, we (pack) to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.一个周五我们正在收拾行李要去度周末时，我的女儿突然听到了呼救声。She (finish) her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。She (leave) the office the telephone rang.她正要离开办公室突然电话铃响了。sb. be doing sth. when某人正在做某事，突然sb. had just done sth. when某人刚做完某事，突然and与or用于并列句祈使句and陈述句，and表顺承Find ways to praise your children often, youll find they will open their hearts to you.Hurry up, youll be late.祈使句or陈述句，or表转折while表对比强调对比关系，意为“然而；而”I wonder how much you charge for your services.The first two are free the third costs $ 30. (2016四川高考语法填空)It was time for her to have a new baby, _ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.单句语法填空/单句改错（一）1(2015北京高考单项填空)He is a shy man，_ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.2(全国卷)But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months.3(广东高考)Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _ too little.4(2015四川高考短文改错)In fact, I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship. 5(2016全国卷乙短文改错)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.二 状语从句考点一、让步状语从句1though/although：在句子中一般用了“虽然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”，但可以与yet或still连用；though与although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式，多放在主句的前面。 regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.2even if 和even though的意思为“即使，纵使”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。 I am very busy, I will give you a hand when you are in trouble.3as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。若表语是单数可数名词，则该名词提前时，省去其前的冠词。Hot the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.4no matter(who, what, when, where, which, how)：no matter与whever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，no matter引导的从句可位于主句前或主句后。 busy you are, you should set aside half an hour to take exercise.5whever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever); however。(1)whever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用；(2)whever可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句；no matter只能引导让步状语从句。 you like, I ll buy it for you. I ll buy you like.6whetheror引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论还是”，提供两种对比情况。Well go on with the work, we can find the necessary tools we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这件工作做下去。7while也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，一般放在句首。 my mother loves me very much, she is very strict with me. (2015浙江高考短文改错)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.考点二、时间状语从句1when, while和as的用法连词含义及用法例句when“当时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生. you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.while“当时候”，一般与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生Please dont talk so loud others are working.as“一边一边”，“随着”，从句动作与主句动作同时或交替发生. he grew older, he became less active.He looked behind he went.如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。 2before与since的用法(1)before表示“在之前；还未就；还没来得及就”。常用于句型“It will be/was时间段before从句”(在之前还要多久，过了多久才)。John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. (2)since表示“自从以来”，常用于“It is/has been时间段since从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)已经多长时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态用现在完成时。As is reported, it is over 100 years Tsinghua University was founded. 3notuntil表示“直到才”As far as I know, his mother (go) to bed he returns home every evening.4as soon as/hardlywhen/no soonerthan/the moment/the instant/the second/immediately/directly/instantlyhardlywhen和no soonerthan的意义相当于as soon as，但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one it becomes available.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.- We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.- 5every time/each time/last time/next time/by the time：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时或过去将来时，而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。Next time he (come) here, I will tell him.(全国卷改错)He even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.考点三、地点状语从句和条件状语从句1地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由where，wherever引导，可置于句首、句中或句尾。地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise I am sitting. theres a will, theres a way.(重庆高考单项填空)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her.where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别where引导地点状语从句直接修饰主句的谓语动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面，即此时有明显的地点名词。When solving the problem a second time, youd better be more careful you made a mistake.When solving the problem a second time, youd better be more careful in the place you made a mistake. 2条件状语从句常用引导词：if/unless/as long as/so long as/in case/so far as/as far as。(1)unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式；unless和ifnot同义，unless是书面语，ifnot是口语，二者通常可以换用。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday it rains or its very cold.My parents dont mind what job I do I am happy. (2)条件状语从句的时态在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。If everyone (do) his part, the project will surely be a success.考点四、其他状语从句1目的状语从句(1)so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can，could等。in order that引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后，so that引导的从句只能位于主句之后。The police officers in our city work hard we can live a safe life.目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to等代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。He got up early he could catch the early bus.He got up early catch the early bus.(2)for fear that(唯恐，以防)与in case所引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词有时也用should/might/could动词原形。The boy hid himself behind the tree his father might see him.Take your umbrella it should rain. 2结果状语从句(1)so that前有逗号，引导结果状语从句。He cares about noting but himself, nobody likes him.(2)sothat中so后面跟形容词或副词。He was excited he couldnt say a word. (3)suchthat中such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a/anthat，还可以转换用sothat，语气较强。Jack is honest a worker we all believe him.Jack is an honest worker we all believe him.3原因状语从句(1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair he wanted to sit next to his wife. (2)since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。 everyone is here, lets begin our meeting. (3)as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中(注意比较：for连接的是并列句)。 he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.4方式状语从句(1)as引导状语从句，意为“按照”。Do you are told to. (2)as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样；从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.5比较状语从句(1)asas; not so/asas; the sameas表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用asas，否定句可用not asas或not soas。他不如杰克跑得快。 (2)than表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。The plane has been kept in service far longer originally intended. (浙江高考改错)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born such that she could stay home and raise her family.单句语法填空/单句改错（二）1(2016天津高考单项填空)_ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.2(2015重庆高考单项填空)If you miss this chance, it may be years _ you get another one.3(2017安徽合肥一模)Though it has been one year _ he came to the city, he knows every street here like the back of his hand.4(2016全国卷甲语法填空)So, get an early start and try to be as productive _ possible before lunch.5(2017四川雅安中学模拟)You can smoke here _ you leave a window open to let the smoke out.6(2017浙江桐乡四校联考)During the reconstruction of the city, many modern tall buildings went up _ old shabby houses were torn down.7(2017兰州模拟改错)I have been learning painting after I was a small boy. 8(2017四川绵阳诊断改错)Now, this unforgettable lesson still encourages me to be an active learner where I go.单句语法填空（三）1(2017辽宁省实验中学模拟)The poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved. I was very sad, _ dared not say anything to my mother.2(2017山东潍坊期末)Never lose heart _ youll make a quick advance in your project.3(2017四川成都一诊)In a talk at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Zuckerberg spoke Chinese for about 30 minutes. _ his Chinese was far from perfect, the students cheered his effort.4(2017浙江杭州一模)Ten years later I still keep in touch with my classmates, _ Ive never met them after graduation.5(2017浙江舟山中学月考)Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on patients.6You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again.7(全国卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.8(辽宁高考)_ you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep breath.9(江西高考)She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.10(四川高考)If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help.单句改错1(浙江高考)A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset. 2(陕西高考)We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured. 3(2017石家庄一模)Finally keep in mind that there are many things that cant be learnt immediately, but never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams. 4(2015全国卷短文改错)There the air is clean or the mountains are green. 5(辽宁高考)With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night.6(2015北京高考单项填空)Once the damage is done, and it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 7Every time I saw the straw hat, and it reminded me of the tour I made years before. 8(全国卷)Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. 9(2017云南第二次统一检测)The ringtone of some people sounds very noisy but unpleasant, especially in the cinema10(2017银川4月检测)In spite of these difficulties, but I believe practice makes perfect. 单句语法填空/单句改错（一）1 but解析：句意：他是一个害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事情或者任何人。两个分句之间是转折关系，故填but。2 or解析：因为本句是否定句。这里是两个时间短语表示选择关系，故用or。3 nor解析：neithernor为固定搭配，意为“既不也不”。4 sobut解析：上一分句意为：我不想再去；下一分句意为：我怕失去他们的友谊；两个分句之间有转折关系，故把so改成but。5orand解析：句意：每一天他都确保做饭用的是新鲜蔬菜和高质量的油。根据句意可知fresh vegetables和high quality oil之间是并列关系，故用and。单句语法填空/单句改错（二）1As/When解析：句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。根据句意可知，此处应用表“随着”的连词As。也可用When引导，表示“当的时候”。2before解析：句意：如果你错过这次机会，也许要过数年才能获得另外一次(机会)。it may be时间段before为固定句式，表示“也许过时间，才”。3since解析：句意：尽管他来这座城市仅仅一年，但是他对这儿的每条街道了如指掌。本题考查固定句型“it has been时间段since”，表示“自从已经多久了”。4as解析：句意：因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构asas possible意为“尽可能”，第二个as为连词。5if解析：句意：如果你留一扇窗户使烟散出去，你就可以在这里吸烟。根据句意可知，此处为条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填if。6where解析：句意：在这个城市重建期间，许多现代的高楼在旧房子被拆毁的地方兴建起来。设空处引导状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。7aftersince解析：句意：我从小就一直学习绘画。故将after改为since。8 wherewherever解析：分析句子结构可知，learner之后为状语从句，根据句意“现在，这个难忘的课程仍然鼓励我无论走到哪里都要做一个积极的学习者”可知，从句为让步状语从句，故将where改为wherever。