2017届高考英语二轮复习-名词

2017届高考英语二轮复习：名词怎么考 在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化、主谓一致等。.体验考向单句语法填空1.(2016全国卷1)Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of (achieve)2.(2016全国卷3)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop)of chopsticks.3.（2015卷2）Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellings(土坯房）admirableistheir (able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusing electricequipment.4.(2016全国卷1)The nursery team switches him every few ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum-she never suspects.5. (2016四川卷) Any smell might attract natural _ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. 6.(2015湖南卷 )It is important to remember that success （be）a sum of small efforts made each day.单句改错1.（2014年全国卷1）The cherry tomatoes(圣女果) are small in size,but juicy and taste. 2. (2016全国卷1) The restaurantisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.3.(2016全国卷2) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.4. (2016全国卷3) The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 5.(2015全国卷2)One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his both parent.he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 6.(2011全国卷) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. II名词的考点归纳考点一 可数名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 规律例子一般情况下在名词后面直接+s，s在浊辅音后面读z，在清辅音后面读s。daydays， changechangesmembermembers，paintingpaintings 以s、z、ch、sh等结尾的单词+es,读iz。class-classes watch-watches box- boxes brush-brushes 以o结尾的词有生命的+es，读z。 口诀：黑人请英雄吃土豆、西红柿和芒果；无生命的+s，读s。有生命：negro-negroes黑人；hero-heroes；potato-potatoes；tomato-tomatoes；mango-mangoes无生命：photo-photos 相片；piano-pianos钢琴； radio-radios 以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v+es，读iz。 口诀：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光wife-wives(妻子); knife-knives（小刀）; wolf-wolves（狼）; thief-thieves（小偷）; shelf-shelves (架子)；life-lives（生命、生活）;leaf-leaves（树叶）; 以辅音字母加y 结尾的，把y 改为i，再加-es，读z；以元音字母加y 结尾的，直接加s，读s。辅音加y： study研究studies；enemy敌人enemies；difficulty困难difficulties元音加y： boy -boys toy- toys key- keys 2. 可数名词的不规则变化单复数同形sheep绵羊deer鹿means手段cattle牛Chinese自身有特殊变化的名词child-children;man-men;woman-women;Tooth-teeth;foot-feet; mouse-mice;crisis危机-crises; medium-media媒介;criterion细菌-criteria,phenomenon现象-phenomena 合成词变复数passer bypassers by, son in law-sons in law, looker on-lookers-on, grown-upgrown-ups复数形式单数意义physics,politics,news单数形式复数意义people; police; public集体名词(若视为整体，表示单数意义；若强调其个体成员，表示复数意义。)family(家庭;家人),team(队;队员),class(班;班级学生),audience(听众)只有复数形式，表示复数意义，谓语动词也用复数goods(货物), clothes(衣服)，trousers, glasses 温馨提示：以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词变复数时时,两个词都变化. a woman teacher-women teachers；a man doctor-men doctors考点二 不可数名词（一）一般说来，抽象名词为不可数名词eg: advice, knowledge, information,love, time, work(工作), luck, help, success, courage, progress, freedom, luggage, housework, homework, fun, weather, anger等（二）物质名词通常为不可数名词eg: water, air,tea, coffee, oil, soup, milk, rain, meat, hair, sugar （3） 抽象名词具体化后，有单复数的变化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。(1)difficulty困难；a difficulty一件难事(2)failure失败；a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事(3)knowledge知识；a good knowledge of丰富的知识(4)success成功；a success一位成功者，一件成功的事(5)surprise惊奇；a surprise一件令人吃惊的事(6)honour荣誉；an honour一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事 温馨提示：可数名词不可数名词可数名词不可数名词工作jobworklife生命（性命）生活（常作U）建议suggestionadviceexercise练习，眼操运动采取措施take measurestake actionexperience经历经验考点三 名词与其他词类的词形变化名词后缀意义例词-age抽象名词后缀，表示行为、状态、结果或总称useusage用途shortshortage缺乏marrymarriage婚姻packpackage包裹-ance，-ence抽象名词后缀，表示性质、状态、行为、过程accept-acceptance接受performperformance表演existexistence存在occuroccurrence发生differdifference不同-ancy，-ency抽象名词后缀，表示性质和状态expectexpectancy期待endtendency趋势，趋向emergentemergency紧急情况fluentfluency流利；流畅-dom表示状况或状态freefreedom自由wisewisdom智慧-er，-or表示“人，者”receivereceiver接受者，听筒carrycarrier携带者beginbeginner初学者directdirector主任operateoperator操作者-ian构成人称名词，表示“精通的人”techniquetechnician技术员,magic-magician魔术师-ness构成抽象名词happy-happiness, lazy-laziness, tired-tiredness-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常义为“化”classifyclassification分类communicatecommunication交流-ics表示“学科”economiceconomics经济学-ion,-ation,-ition由动词构成的名词，表示行为的过程、结果、状况，意为“行为；状态”produceproduction生产solutesolution解决方法organizeorganization组织；机构constructconstruction建设describedescription描述directdirection方向hesitatehesitation犹豫competecompetition竞争-ist构成人称名词，表示“从事研究者；信仰主义者”specialspecialist专家pianopianist钢琴家-ity/ty抽象名词后缀，表示性质responsibleresponsibility责任similarsimilarity相似考点四 名词所有格名词所有格表示所属关系，表“.的”（一）s所有格(单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词加s，以-s结尾的复数名词加)1. 表有生命名词的所有格eg: the boys books, the boys books, the childrens books 2. 表国家、机构、时间、距离等无生命的名词eg: todays newspaper, the worlds population, five minutes walk3. 表某人的家或店铺 eg: We went to Lucys for dinner. （二）of所有格表无生命名词的所有格eg: the cover of the book, the end of the road（三）双重所有格双重所有格的名词通常是有生命的eg: a friend of my brothers, a friend of mine 考点五 名词与主谓一致 注意：集体名词(若视为整体，表示单数意义；若强调其个体成员，表示复数意义。)family(家庭;家人),team(队;队员),class(班;班级学生),audience(听众)复数形式单数意义，谓语动词用单数physics, politics, news单数形式复数意义，谓语动词常用复数people;police;public只有复数形式，表示复数意义，谓语动词也用复数goods(货物), clothes(衣服)，trousers, glasses,scissors(剪刀)集训：1.His family (be) well-known in the town in the past.2.His family (be) waiting for him now. 3.There (be) many people at yesterdays meeting. 4.Where (be) my glasses？ / 5.No news (be) good news.6This means (work). These means all (work).7.The police (search) for the suspect these days. /8.These clothes (wash) well. III巩固练习：一、单句语法填空1.(2016全国卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top_(attract).2.(2016全国卷)Recent_(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.3.(2016淄博高三二模)He lost all his _(key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force.4.(2016滕州5月模拟)For several weeks，Mrs.Edwards hoped to be one of the lucky _(housewife) like many of her friends.5.(2016太原模拟)The little boy ate so many _(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.6.(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _(painting).7.(2015江苏卷)Some schools will have to make _ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.8.(2015江苏卷)Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _(apologize).9.(2015浙江卷)One of the most effective ways to reduce _ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.10.(2014全国卷)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.11.(2014辽宁卷)Unbelievable！Oh.，if you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep _ (breathe). 12.There are twenty-three _(man) teachers in our school.13.2014湖南高考All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.14.However, his resignation will never stop _ (teenagers) dreams. 15.2015安徽合肥质检二So far, almost every possible means _(try)to provide accommodation and medical rescue for the people in the floodstriken area.二、单句改错（每句一处错误）1. (2016浙江卷) When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 2(2016全国卷1)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.3. (2016山西二模) We were all moved to tear. 4. (2016成都二诊) Whats worse, the drivers informations might be unreliable. 5. (2016湖北联考) At the end of 2002, there were 20 millions mobile phone users. 6. (2016河南期中) We should learn to take others advices and do the right things. 7.(2014全国卷2)My dream school look like a big garden.8.(2013全国卷2)This made for the grow in the porcelain(瓷器) industry.9.(2016天水一中模拟)But the problem is that there are not enough sports facilities to meet the public growing demand.10. (2015全国卷) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 11. (2016湖北六校联考) They hope many such activity can be held in the future. 12.(2014辽宁高考)Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.13. (2007全国卷) I first met Li Meng at a friend birthday party five years ago. 14.（2016四川高考）Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.15. (2016湖北联考) Yesterday, one of my favorite stamp was lost, which made me really upset. 16. (2016广州一模) But soon, she came back with a bottle of pill. 三、语篇填空： Robots used for housework were tested out in some 1. (famil