culture-shock--文化差异

,C,U,L,T,U,R,E,S,H,O,C,K,Unit10CultureShock,Outline,1)Thedefinitionofcultureshock2)Thestagesofcultureshock3)SymptomsofCultureShock4)TheCultureShockCircle5)TheReverseCultureShock6)Waystomanagecultureshock,Discussion,Discussingroupsfor5minutes1.Whatdoallthesesituationshaveincommon?2.Whatisyourdefinitionofcultureshock?3.Wheredoescultureshockhappen?4.Whatcouldbethedamagecausedbycultureshock?5.Whydoweneedtostudythisconcept?,CultureShockis.,TheinevitableprocessofyourmindandbodyadjustingtoanewplaceAhighlyindividualexperiencethatmaylastweeksorevenmonths.ForsomepeopleCulturaldifferencesareinterestingandstimulatingandtheywantmore!ForothersCulturaldifferencesresultindiscomfortandconfusion,theytendtojudgeorevaluateotherpeopleandplacesandreachnegativeconclusions.,Cultureshockisapsychologicalphenomenonthatisexperiencedmostoftenbythosewho,whethervoluntarilyorinvoluntarily,intheprocessofadjustingthemselvestoanewculture.Itisthetraumaofbewilderment(困惑、紧张)whichpeoplefindthemselvesinwhentheyareisolatedinanalienculture.文化冲击指在大量地收到一种异文化的信息之后，尤其身处异国，不同程度地产生的一种心理反应。这是因为失去自己原有熟悉的社会信号和符号，对于对方的社会符号不熟悉，而产生的深度焦虑症,1.TheDefinitionofCultureShock,CultureShock,Cultureshockisthepersonaldisorientationapersonmayfeelwhenexperiencinganunfamiliarwayoflifeduetoimmigrationoravisittoanewcountry,ortoamovebetweensocialenvironments,alsoasimpletraveltoanothertypeoflife.,2.PhasesofCultureShock:,HoneymoonphaseNegotiationphaseAdjustmentPhaseMasteryPhase,Honeymoonphase,Duringthisperiod,thedifferencesbetweentheoldandnewcultureareseeninaromanticlight.Forexample,inmovingtoanewcountry,anindividualmightlovethenewfood,thepaceoflife,andthelocalshabits.Duringthefirstfewweeks,mostpeoplearefascinatedbythenewculture.Theyassociatewithnationalswhospeaktheirlanguage,andwhoarepolitetotheforeigners.Thisperiodisfullofobservationsandnewdiscoveries.Likemosthoneymoonperiods,thisstageeventuallyends.,NegotiationPhase(IrritationandHostility),FocusturnsfromsimilaritiestothedifferenceswhicharesuddenlyeverywhereBecomeeasilyfrustratedbythedifferencesOftenfeelinadequateandunproductiveLittledifficultiesbecomemajorsourcesofirritationExperiencecultureshockastherealityofthenewlifehits,Negotiationphase,Aftersometime(usuallyaroundthreemonths,dependingontheindividual),differencesbetweentheoldandnewculturebecomeapparentandmaycreateanxiety.Excitementmayeventuallygivewaytounpleasantfeelingsoffrustrationandangerasonecontinuestoexperienceunfavorableeventsthatmaybeperceivedasstrangeandoffensivetoonesculturalattitude.Languagebarriers,stark(完全的)differencesinpublichygiene,trafficsafety,foodaccessibilityandqualitymayheightenthesenseofdisconnectionfromthesurroundings.,HasadoptedsomeofthelocalvaluesandfeelslessisolatedFindsincreasedselfconfidenceBecomesintegratedintoanewsocialnetworkCrisisisoverandslowlylearntofunctionundernewconditions,PhaseThree:AdjustmentPhase,Adjustmentphase,Aftersometime(usually6to12months),onegrowsaccustomedtothenewcultureanddevelopsroutines.Oneknowswhattoexpectinmostsituationsandthehostcountrynolongerfeelsallthatnew.Onebecomesconcernedwithbasiclivingagain,andthingsbecomemorenormal.Onestartstodevelopproblem-solvingskillsfordealingwiththecultureandbeginstoacceptthecultureswayswithapositiveattitude.Theculturebeginstomakesense,andnegativereactionsandresponsestotheculturearereduced.,MasteryPhase(Biculturalism),Increasedenjoymentfoundinnewcustomsandwaysofdoing/sayingthingsAbilitytofunctionintwocultureswithconfidenceLifemaybejustasgoodorevenbetterthanbeforeRealizationthattherewillbethingsyouwillmisswhenyoupackupandreturnhomeanticipaterealityofreversecultureshock!,Masteryphase,Inthemasterystagepeopleareabletoparticipatefullyandcomfortablyinthehostculture.Masterydoesnotmeantotalconversion;peopleoftenkeepmanytraitsfromtheirearlierculture,suchasaccentsandlanguages.Itisoftenreferredtoasthebiculturalismstage.,3.SymptomsofCultureShock.,Sadness,loneliness,melancholyPreoccupationwithhealthAches,pains,andallergiesInsomnia,desiretosleeptoomuchortoolittleChangesintemperament,depression,feelingvulnerable,feelingpowerlessAnger,irritability,resentment,unwillingnesstointeractwithothersIdentifyingwiththeoldcultureoridealizingtheoldcountryLossofidentity,SymptomsofCultureShock,TryingtoohardtoabsorbeverythinginthenewcultureorcountryUnabletosolvesimpleproblemsLackofconfidenceFeelingsofinadequacyorinsecurityDevelopingstereotypesaboutthenewcultureDevelopingobsessionssuchasover-cleanlinessLongingforfamilyFeelingsofbeinglost,overlooked,exploitedorabused,4.Themodelofcultureshock,Theprocessofcultureshockcanbeillustratedbyamodelknownasthe“W”curve(seediagramonthefollowingpage).Thismodelmaynotrelatetoyourexperienceoronlypartially.Sometimestheprocessisfasterorslower.Manypeoplegothroughdifferentphasesoftheprocessofadjustmentseveraltimes,sopartsofthecurveinthediagrammayrepeatthemselves.,W-CURVE,01,CycleofAdjustment,HOSTCOUNTRY,goonexchange?,Moodswouldchangelikethisifyousufferfromcultureshock,5.ReverseCultureShock(Re-entryShock),Theoftenunexpectedanddifficultperiodofdisorientation(迷惑，迷失方向)andreadjustmentexperiencedafterreturningtoonesowncultureafteranextendedperiodoflivingabroad.,Mostpeopleanticipatesomedegreeofcultureshock.Veryfewpeoplebelievetheywillexperiencereversecultureshock.,ThePhasesofReverseCultureShockarealmostthesameasthoseofCultureShock,HoneymoonphaseNegotiation(disintegration)phaseAdjustment(integration)phaseMastery(biculturalism)phase,CultureShockandReverseCultureShockarenotjustunpleasantsideeffectsofinternationalliving.,Theyarethenecessaryingredientsthatbringaboutqualityexchanges.,1)Participationisthekey2)Establishnewsupportsystemsexpatriates,locals3)Takecareofyourself-physicallyandmentally4)Learnthehostcountrylanguage5)Relaxyourgriponhomeculture6)Stayintouchbackhome7)Blendyourownculturaltraditionswiththenew8)Keepajournal9)Maintainyoursenseofhumor10)Havefaithinyourself11)Experiment,expand,explore,KeystoSurviveCulturalAdjustment,Exercises,HerearesomeexcerptsfromthepostcardsofEnglishstudentsstudyinginChina.Pleaseidentifytheywerewritteninwhichstageofcultureshock.,Cultureshock,DearJoan,Lifehereseemsnotsobadafterall.Thepeoplearequiteniceonceyougettoknowthemalittlebetterandbegintofigureouttheirwayoflookingatthings.GuessImbeginning-justbeginning-toknowtheropes.LovePeter,Cultureshock,DearMumandDad,Imreallyfeelingfedupwithmylifehereandlongingforhome.Gettinganythingdoneoverhereisanightmare-thelocalsaresolazyandunhelpful.AndontopofallthatIfeelrundownandsleepyallthetime,seemtohavelostallmyzest.LoveJim,Cultureshock,DearMichael,Thisisafantasticplace!Somanyinterestingthingstosee,suchasthe