英美国家概况课件.ppt

TheUnitedKingdom(1),Lecturer:KongYanping,这面旗上的十字分别代表英格兰守护神圣乔治、苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁以及爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。,Nationalsong“GodSavetheQueen”上帝保佑女王1745年,GodsaveourgraciousQueen上帝保佑女王，LongliveournobleQueen祝她万寿无疆，GodsavetheQueen神佑女王。Sendhervictorious常胜利，沐荣光；Happyandglorious孚民望，心欢畅；Longtoreignoverus治国家，王运长；GodsavetheQueen.神佑女王！Thychoicestgiftsinstore愿上帝恩泽长，Onherbepleasedtopour选精品，倾宝囊，Longmayshereign万岁女王！，Mayshedefendourlaws愿她保护法律，Andgiveusevercause使民心齐归向Tosingwithheartandvoice一致衷心歌唱，GodsavetheQueen神佑女王！,Majortopics,NamesandpositionPhysiographicfeaturesClimateandweatherLanguageandreligionPoliticalpartiesGovernmentEconomyPeople,Names,TheBritishIslesBritain(orGreatBritain)England,Scotland,WalesTheUnitedKingdomTheunitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,Physiographicfeatures:,A.TheHighlandZoneofthenorthandwesta)theHighlandsofScotlandb)theCentralLowlandsofScotlandc)theSouthernUplandsd)thePenninese)theLakeDistrictofCumbriaf)theWelshMassif,ScottishHighlandsBagpipemelodyinBraveHeartMorethanhalfofthesurfaceofScotlandisoccupiedbytheScottishHighlands,themostruggedregioninGreatBritain.Theyconsistofparallelmountainchainswithageneralnortheast-to-southwesttrend,brokenbydeepravinesandvalleys.,ScottishHighlands,Pennines,YorkshireDales,Scotland,B.TheLowlandZoneofthesouthandsoutheasta)theMidlandsofEnglandb)thePlainofLancastriac)theNorthEasternLowlands,England,England(Anglia),politicaldivisionoftheislandofGreatBritain,theprincipaldivisionoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Establishedasanindependentmonarchymanycenturiesago,Englandintimeachievedpoliticalcontrolovertherestoftheisland,alltheBritishIsles,andvastsectionsoftheworld,becomingthenucleusofoneofthegreatestempiresinhistory.Thecapital,largestcity,andchiefportofEnglandisLondon,withapopulationin1996of7million.ItisalsothecapitaloftheUnitedKingdomandthesiteoftheheadquartersoftheCommonwealthofNations.,Wales,NorthernIreland,Snowdonia,Snowdonia,mountaingroupinnorthwesternWales.Itisbrokenbyvalleysintofiveminorgroups,whosechiefpeak,YWyddfa,at1,085m(3,560ft)abovesealevel,isthehighestmountaininsouthernGreatBritain.Arack-and-pinionrailwaywasconstructedtothesummitin1895.TheregionispartofSnowdoniaNationalPark.,Dover,Dover(England),inKent,southeasternEngland.Thedistrict,locatedontheStraitofDoverandformedin1974,includestheformermunicipalboroughsofDealandSandwich.ThetownofDoverissituatedatthemouthoftheDourRivervalley,whichbreachesthehighchalkcliffsthatlinethecoasthere.IthasanexcellentharborandistheleadingpassengerportofGreatBritain,beingnearertheContinentthananyotherBritishport.FreighttrafficisalsoimportanttotheportofDover,butthisbusinessfacesincreasingcompetitionfromthetrainsofthechanneltunnel,whichcanmovefreightfasterthanboatscan.,Inlandwater,SevernRiver(354km),Thames(346km),LoughNeaghLake(396km2),LakeDistrict,ViewoftheLakeDistrict,LakeDistrict,regionofmountainsandlakesinnorthwesternEngland.Hereareseverallakes,innumerablemountaintarnsandstreams,andaseriesofmountainsrisinginfourpointstoaheightofover900m(over3,000ft).Thedistrictextendsabout50km(about30mi)fromnorthtosouthandabout40km(about25mi)fromeasttowest.,ItbecamefamouswhenagroupofBritishpoets(includingWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,andRobertSouthey)madeittheirhomeaboutthebeginningofthe19thcentury;theyweredescribedbyunsympatheticcriticsastheLakeSchoolofpoetry(seeLakePoets).In1906,LakeDistrictNationalParkwasbuiltupanditnowincorporates2,240sqkm(866sqmi)oftheregion.Theareaisapopulartouristdestination.,WilliamWordsworth,WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850),WilliamWordsworth,Britishpoet,creditedwithusheringintheEnglishRomanticMovementwiththepublicationofLyricalBallads(1798)incollaborationwithSamuelTaylorColeridge.HewasconsideredtheforemostEnglishromanticpoets,andcomposedflowingblankverseonthespiritualityofnatureandthewondersofhumanimagination.,In“Ode:IntimationsofImmortalityfromRecollectionsofEarlyChildhood”(1807),WordsworthconsidersthePlatonicnotionthathumansforgetalltheirknowledgeatbirthandspendtheremainderoftheirlivesrecollecting,ratherthanlearning.Wordsworthcelebratesthechild,whocanenjoyanecstaticcommunionwithnature,andhopesthatinadulthoodpeoplecaneventuallyrecoverthisecstasybyheedingintuition.,Aleaderoftheromanticmovement,SamuelTaylorColeridgewrotepoetry,essays,andcriticismduringthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.Asapoet,Coleridgecraftedlyricversewithdreamlikeimageryanddeepsymbolism.Coleridgescriticism,mostnotablyhisBiographiaLiteraria(1817),hadaprofoundinfluenceupon19th-andearly20th-centuryschoolsofcriticalthought.,SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772-1834),RobertSouthey(1774-1843),FormanythousandbodieshereLayrottinginthesun;Butthingslikethat,youknow,mustbeAfterafamousvictory.(TheBattleofBlenheim,51-54),Englishpoet,generallyconsideredamemberoftheromanticmovement(seeRomanticism)andoneoftheLakePoets.HewasborninBristolandeducatedattheUniversityofOxford.,Size:naturalgeographicalarea243,000km2(includinginlandwater)Thelengthofcoastline:11450kmPopulation:72,850,000(1999),ClimateandWeather,TemperateMaritimeclimate(moderatetemperature;abundantrainfall)Changeable(strange)EnglishMayDayfestival-ChinesePureBrightnessFog(smog),FactorsinfluencingEnglishWeather,A.theshoresoftheBritishIslesNorthAtlanticWarmDriftB.thewesterlywindbeltMildandmoistC.theconfigurationofBritainInlets,penetration,Howdoestheclimaticpatternaffectthenationalcharacter?(P8-9),ProvidingaconstanttopicofdailyconversationHelpingtheBritishbecomemoreadaptableMakingBritishpeoplesufferso-calledseasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD):fatigue,lowspirits,sluggishnessandinabilitytocarryoutnormalroutine,Language,1.OldEnglish(5th-12thcentury)-InflectedAnglo-SaxonsinvasionofEngland2.MiddleEnglish(12th-15thcentury)NormanconquestofEngland-Loanwords3.