高考英语作文评分标准_解析

.高考英语作文评分标准一、各档次的给分范围和要求详情请看考试说明细则。二、平时作文应注意：1、不要出现空白卷或抄袭现象，背诵一些常见作文模板和句式或运用自己的语言老老实实地翻译出几句有效信息，就不难得到5-10分。2、文章层次一定要分明，常分3-4段。不分段者最高分只能及格。3、文章超出作答边框者，最高得分只能及格。4、格式不对或离题者最高只能及格。5、书写工整，如有改动，所改单词一条斜线划掉，不要涂成一团。改动不超过3次。高考英语作文评分标准解读一、如何理解“应用了较多的词汇”这里所说的“词汇”，可以从高级词汇的使用、同义词的使用、短语的使用等方面去理解：（一） 高级词汇的使用高级词汇，指的是大纲中没有列入或没有识记要求，但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇，比如frustration, awkward, awfully, concern等词，都可以算作是“高级词汇”。考生若能够适当地运用一些高级词汇，定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象。1.I cant find any way to solve the problem. (换作高级词汇：I cant find any solution to the problem.)2.The pet dog is so lovely that almost everybody likes her. (换作高级词汇：The pet dog is so cute that almost everybody likes her.)3.The question is really difficult to understand. (换作高级词汇：The question is really confusing.)4.He had to face all the possible difficulties. (换作高级词汇：He had to cope with all the possible difficulties)（二）同义词的使用 英语中有些高频词，比如interesting, clever等，在表达时大家都很喜欢用，但这样文章入千人一面。如果我们能够使用它们相应的同义词，就可以做到与众不同，给评卷者带来清新的感觉。例如：1.It will be very interesting. (换作同义词：It will be a lot of fun.)2.He was so clever that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.( 换作同义词：He was so smart that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.)3.Last summer I visited New Jersey with my parents. (换作同义词：Last summer I toured New Jersey with my parents.)（三）适当利用短语取代单词 总体而言，使用短语的难度比单词要大一些，因此适当运用短语更能显出作者的功力。例如：1.Suddenly I had a good idea. (换作短语：Suddenly I came up with a good idea.)2.Take a moment to see what is happening around you. (换作短语：Take a moment to see what is going on around you.)3.Everyone should do his or her best. (换作短语：Everyone is supposed to do his or her best.)二、如何理解“应用了较多的语法结构”固定句式（如感叹句、复合结构、强调句型等）、定语从句、现在分词短语等都属于较复杂的语法结构。这些结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映写作者的语言运用能力。（一）使用固定句式1.She was robbed of her purse but she had no time to call for help.(使用before one can do sth.结构：She was robbed of her purse before she could call for help.)2.The environment will never improve until everybody takes care of it. (使用倒装结构：Not until everybody takes care of it will the environment improve.)（二）使用现在分词结构现在分词结构可以表达伴随、原因等状语，因此几乎在任何文章中都可以用得上。现在分词短语可以使句子的表达更加简洁、生动，而且也使前后两个动作的衔接更加紧密。例如：1.Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another and this bridges the gap among different races or cultures. (换作现在分词短语：Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another, thus bridging the gap among different race or cultures.)2.People worked together on the assembly line.(换作现在分词短语：People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently.)（三）使用定语从句定语从句的使用，不仅能使上下文更加流畅，也同时能充分展示写作者运用较复杂的语法结构的能力。如：1.My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle. I think he is a genius. (使用定语从句：My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle, who I think is a genius.)2.My aunt bought me a book. The title of the book is All about USA. (使用定语从句：My aunt bought me a book, whose title is All about the USA.)三、如何理解“上下文的连贯性”连贯性，就是指通过连接词（包括并列连词，从属连词和连接性副词）、非谓语动词短语等语法成分，使两个或多个意义相互关联的事情或观点在同一个句子内得以表达，从而使整个段落或篇章浑然一体，连贯流畅。(一) 连接性副词连接性副词也被称为过渡词。它们的位置一般以句首居多。连接性副词承上启下，能够令读者对后续的句子产生心理上的期待和准备，因此整个篇章会因它们而紧凑连贯。常见的连接性副词有：also, furthermore, in addition, additionally, hopefully, meanwhile, however, instead, in other words, in brief, in a word, in my opinion, on the whole等等。例如： 1.We have many things to do. We believe we can finish before the day is over. (使用连接性副词：We have quite a lot to do. Hopefully, we will be able to finish before the day is over.) 2.The boy comes from a poor family. The boy does very well in his studies. The boy plans to work his way through college. (使用连接性副词：Even though he comes from a poor family, the boy does very well in his studies; furthermore, he plans to work his way through college.)(二) 使用从属连词 常见的从属连词有after, as, when, while, as long as, as soon as等。例如： 1.You work hard and never give up. You will succeed in your studies. (使用从属连词：So long as you work hard, you will succeed in your studies.) 2.The teacher came in. the students were quiet. (使用从属连词：The students were quiet as soon as the teacher came in.)高考英语阅卷标准与评分细则一、 阅卷细节与应对策略：1、阅卷速度以秒计，答题还需有技巧高考阅卷时间紧，任务重，阅卷进度要求非常快，评一份作文时间以秒计算。应对策略：面对如此阅卷速度，考生在写作时就要有技巧，尽可能博得评卷老师的好感。卷面要整洁，字迹要工整，段落要清楚。如果书写模糊，涂改很多，会造成难以辨认，得到比较低的分值。2、阅卷老师抓要点成阅卷关键只有按参考答案的要点答题才给分，因此，阅卷过程中，许多老师实际上就是对某几个关键词进行扫描，从而在部分程度上忽略了对句子的质量的要求。应对策略：答题时，不论写长写短，首先要找准要点，把作文的关键段落、关键词写出来，第二步才考虑句子的质量，尽可能表述清晰。这样，不论你怎么答题都不用担心失分过多。3、阅卷老师往往只盯住考生错误的数量除了要点之外，评卷者还要看看答题的基本结构是否正确，句子表达是否准确，尤其是在浏览过程中所遇到的阅读障碍，也就是说语言表达错误，如词汇错误、语法错误等等。根据考生出错的数量结合要点表述确定其所属档次。虽然有些错误被界定为小错误，却能影响得分档次。如：有的考生在作文中相同的单词拼写错误有多处，有的甚至达到十几处，虽然高考评分细则规定：相同的单词拼写错误不累计扣分，但是多次的拼写错误导致文章给人的整体印象不好，因而文章的得分肯定会受影响。 应对策略：答题纸的书写一定要求规范、认真，特别是字体大小、行间距的设计要求合理。字体、行间距太小，试卷扫描出来以后基本看不清楚，很容易造成失分。4、评卷老师喜欢条理分明的卷子评卷老师每天的工作量非常巨大，几秒钟就能翻阅一份卷子，每份卷子光点鼠标就需要四五下，十分辛苦，一天下来手指发麻、眼睛发涩、头昏脑胀，如果遇到的是字迹清晰、思路条理的卷子，无疑会给评卷老师一份好感，即使有问题也都尽量少扣分。如果遇到的是字迹潦草模糊、思路不清晰的卷子，无疑会给让评卷老师失去耐心，狠狠扣分。应对策略：答卷时一定要注意条理分明，字迹清晰，让人一目了然。有些考生害怕答题不能抓住采分点，不分重点啰嗦一大堆，这种做法反而会影响阅卷人员的阅题速度，给寻找关键词带来困难，极易引起失分。5、优秀卷的特点书写规范；覆盖所有要点，内容充实；词汇丰富，文笔流畅，有修辞意识。应对策略：书写清晰认真，写作过程中有明确的要点意识，平日对词汇、语法和句型的掌握准确到位，能够对写作中所运用的知识信手拈来。二、考生在书面表达中暴露的主要问题：1、审题失误：市质检作文“青春是什么？”，内容要求结合事例说明，但是很多同学忽略了这点，直接抒发议论或者事例也仅是一笔带过而导致得分不高。又如作文要求中陈述“校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。”但是许多考生在写作中却用大量的篇幅介绍学习英语的重要性，只是在写作的最后简单介绍了一下三个要点，这与学习经验介绍有较大的差距。比如说文章最后只有这样简单的表达：If we want to learn English well, we can do it in three ways: Join in English corner; Write English diaries; 2、语言基础知识不扎实: 从卷面上看，相当一部分考生语言表达能力低，功底差。（1）单词拼写错误太多总共要求写120词左右，有的考生单词拼写错误就有十几处、二十几处，甚至有的考生以汉语拼音来滥竽充数。出现这类情况，该考生的文章档次最多只能被确定为及格档以下。（2）动词用法错误多，时态、语态用法混乱，主谓不一致Here is my ideas.Ill appreciate if.Want to you can get some helpIt must to help to improve my spoken English.search articlessee/look/read the websiteIm communicate with my friends.May your English becomes better.insist writing diariesstick to write diaries（3）名词单复数形式不确定及冠词使用错误Have some problem in learn English.a English ContestMy experiences in English learningmany informations（4）词性混乱Ill glad to share my experience.I hope your English become well.（5）高级用法由于掌握不扎实导致用法错误There was an English contest was held inour school.In addition to, we can communicate withsome foreigners.As we all known, practice makes perfect.A way which helping you a lot.（6）介词使用错误with/by Englishwith/by this way（7）粗心错误Hows your English learning goes?As far as Im concern, .3、汉式英语：In there, you can improve your speaking English.By it, your oral English can improve.Search the website, you can read more articles.4、缺乏连贯性，不使用关联词或关联词使用错误导致逻辑错误：写作特别强调行文的连贯性，巧用连接词与过渡语可使句子简洁、明了，