英语常用专有名词

.（一）第一部分：中华文明 Chinese civilizationsivilaizein文明摇篮 cradlekreidl of civilization华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestorsnsist秦始皇帝 First Emperorempr, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empressemprs 女皇；皇后 Dowagerdad(r)皇太后；太后 汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynastydnst (206BC-220AD)成吉思汗 Genghis Khangegs k:n ; Temujin夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陝西 Shaanxi四大发明 the four great inventions nvenn of ancientennt China火药 gunpowder gnpad(r)印刷术 printing prnt造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass汉字 Chinese character krkt(r)单音节 single syllable slbl n. 音节汉语四声调 the four tones tun of Chinese characters阳平 level levl tone阴平 rising tone 上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone四书 the Four Books大学 The Great Learning中庸 The Doctrine dktrn of the Mean论语 The Analects nlekts 文选，论集 of Confucius knfju:s孟子 The Menciusmens春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annalsnlz 编年史史记 Historicalhstrkl Recordsrek:d诗经 The Books of Songs; The Book of Odesdz 颂诗，颂歌书经 The Books of Historyhstr易经 I Chingt; The Book of Changestends礼记 The Book of Ritesrats 仪式，典礼孝经 Book of Filialflil 子女的 Pietypat 虔诚，虔敬孙子兵法 The Art of War三字经 The Three-Character Scriptureskrpt(r) 经文，圣典; The Three-Word Chantt:nt 吟颂，咏唱三国演义 Three Kingdoms西游记 Journey to the West; Pilgrimageplrmd 朝圣之旅 to the West红楼梦 Dreamdri:m of the Red Mansionsmnn 大厦；宅第山海经 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴 Historyhstr as a Mirrormr(r); Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers西厢记 The Romance of West Chambertemb(r)水浒传 Heroeshr of the Marshesm: 沼泽，湿地; Tales of the Water Margin聊斋志异 Strange Tales of a Lonelylnl Studiostju:d 工作室，画室; Strange Tales from Make-Do代用的；权宜的 Studio围城 Fortressf:trs 堡垒，要塞 Besiegedbsdd 包围，围困阿Q正传 The True Story of Ah Q五言绝句 five-character quatrainkwtren 四行诗七言律诗 seven-character octavektv 高八度音；八度和音 八股文 eight-part essayese 散文；随笔; stereotypedsteri: tapt 套用陈规的 writing重要文化遗产 major cultural heritagehertd优秀民间艺术 outstanding folkfk arts文物 cultural relicsrelk 遗物，遗迹中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphyklgrfi水墨画 Chinese brushbr painting; inkk and wash painting工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knotnt旗袍 Cheongsamt:sm中山装 Chinese tunictju:nk 长袍 suitsu:t唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing); Tang suit朝廷使者 royalrl court envoyenv 使节，外交官；文人 men of letters雅士 refinedrfand 经过改良的；举止优雅的 scholarsskl(r) 奖学金获得者；学者表演艺术 performing art现代流行艺术 popular art, pop art纯艺术 high art高雅艺术 refined art电影艺术 cinematographicsnmtrfk 电影的 art戏剧艺术 theatricalitrkl 戏剧的 art才子佳人 gifted scholarsskl(r) and beautiful ladies生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with strikingstrak character丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clownklan or a negative role花脸 painted role歌舞喜剧 musical滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头 shticktk滑稽短剧 skitskt京剧人物脸谱 Pekingpi:ki Operapr Mask皮影戏 shadowd play; leatherle(r) -silhouetteslet 轮廓，剪影 show说书 story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramidprmd折子戏 operapr highlights踩高跷 stiltstlt 支柱；高跷 walk哑剧 pantomimepntmam; mimemam哑剧演员 pantomimistpntmamst戏剧小品 skitskt马戏 circuss:ks show单口相声 monologuemnl 独白；独角戏 comic talk, standup comedykmd特技表演 stuntstnt相声 witty dialogue comedykmd, comic cross talk杂技 acrobaticskrbtks京韵大鼓 the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drumdrm 鼓；鼓状物 accompanimentkmpnimnt 伴奏；伴随物秦腔 Shaanxi operapr武术 martialm:l 军事的；战争的 art功夫 kung fuk fu:武术门派 styles or schools of martialm:l art习武健身 practice martial art for fitness气功 qigongk, deep breathingbri: exercisesekssazz拳击 boxing篆刻 sealsi:l 密封；印章；海豹 cutting upriteous工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship kr:ftsmnp卷轴 scroll skrl蜡染 batik bti:k泥人 clay kle figure漆画 lacquer lk(r) 漆，天然漆painting唐三彩 Trio tri: -colored glazedglezd 像玻璃的potteryptr 陶器of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonn文房四宝 The four stationery stenri 文具；办公用品treasures trez of the Chinese study - a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper民间传说 folklores fkl:(r)寓言 fable febl传说 legend神话 mythology mld古为今用,洋为中用 make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china赋诗 inscribe nskrab 题写，题献a poem pm对对联 matching an antithetical ntetkl 正相反的，对立的coupletkplt 对联阳历 solar calendar公历 Gregorian calendar klnd(r)阴历 lunarlu:n(r) calendar天干 heavenly hevnli 天国的；庄严的stem地支 earthly branch闰年 leapli:p 跳；冲动的行动year二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms十二生肖 the twelve Chinese zodiaczdk 黄道带；黄道十二宫图signs本命年 ones year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrialtrestrl 地球的；人间的Branches传统节日 traditional holidays春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lanternlntn Festival (15th day of the first lunarlu:n(r) month)清明节 the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th) 端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)中秋节 the Moon Festival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)重阳节 the Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day（二）第二部分：缩写词CIA-Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局ABCAmerican Broadcasting Corporationk:pren美国广播公司CCTV-ChinaCentralTelevisionFBI-Federal Bureau bjr of Investigation联邦调查局NSA-National nnl Security skjrt Agency 国家安全局NASA-National Aeronautics ern:tks and Space Administration国家航空航天局APEC-Asian-Pacificen Economic i:knmk Cooperation k pren亚太经济合作组织ATM-Automatic:tmtk Tellertel(r) machine自动取款机BBS-Bulletinbltn Board System电子公告板CEO-Chiefti:f Executivezekjtv Officer首席执行官CFO-Chi