英语A、B级阅读理解解题技巧

应用能力考试A、B级之阅读理解,阅读理解构成部分,TaskA多项选择题TaskBTaskC填空题TaskD匹配题TaskE简答题,英语应用能力考试主要测试以下阅读技能：了解语篇和段落的主旨和大意；掌握语篇中的事实和主要情节；理解语篇上下文的逻辑关系；对句子和段落进行推理；了解作者的目的、态度和观点；根据上下文正确理解生词及其意思；理解语篇的结论进行信息转换,解阅读理解题的技巧,转折原则：注意文中的一些关键词，如but、however、yet列举原则：注意文章当中出现的比较级、最高级，绝对意义的词，如themostimportant，only。把历年真题（或仿真模拟题）出现的难句、长句拿出一部分，反复读，找语感。,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词义猜测型,命题类,推理判断型,1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-isethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,主旨大意题答题技巧,1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。例如：Onthewhole,inshort,thereforeIagreewiththeopinionthatGivenallthesepointsabove,IwouldsupporttheideathatForallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer,如何寻找主题句,Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaventeatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast-foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.,（1）主题句在段首主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.,（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。,Sample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.,（3）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.,return,Passage1InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodofcheaperfor-eigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustraliansbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能满足的）society.,练习题,细节题,解释,Question:WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.,文章,解释,【解析】答案为C。takesth.awayofsb.和castsb.sth.的意思相似。本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,1）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,Example1Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well，”repliedtheman，“ImmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas_.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects,解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复”，因此推出答案为D。,Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275,Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.,解释,文章,Passage2Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows,练习题,解释,第三节,【解析】答案为D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=275【解析】答案为C。根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出C符合图表内容。,文章,同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法等,词义猜测题常见的命题方式有：1）Theunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans_2）Thewordit（them）inthefirstparagraphrefersto_3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans_4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。4.特别注意熟词新意！,做题要领,Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(应得的，值得的).,解释,第四节,解释,这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的（educated）和没有受过教育的（illiterate）；住在城市的（urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选C项。,本题答案选C,推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非自己观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求我们透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求我们对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有：1.Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_.2.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?4.Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?5.Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?6.Thepassageisintendedto_.7.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?,Passage4Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievement(n.成绩)endsupwithuninspiredstudents.Eisenbergerholds(vi.认为).Asanexa-mpleofthelatter(adj.近来的)point(n.观点),henotes(vi.特别指出)growingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotighten(v.使变得更紧)gradingstandards(及格标准)andrestore(vt.恢复使用)faili