希望英语(第二版)综合教程U7

,希望英语（第二版）综合教程1,Unit7LifeandDeath,希望英语（第二版）综合教程3,外语教学与研究出版社,希望英语（第二版）综合教程3Unit7LifeandDeath,Speaking,Task1,Task2,Task3,LookatthepicturesonPage108andlistwordsorphrasesaboutthem.Thenworkwithyourpartnerandfillinthetablewithwordsorphrasesaboutlifeanddeath.,SpeakingTask1,die,dead,dying,decay(腐烂),kill,slay(杀死),murder(谋杀),assassinate(暗杀),butcher(屠宰),slaughter(屠杀),massacre(大屠杀),bumpoff(杀死),deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal(致命的),crash(坠落),drown(淹死),explode(爆炸),ruin(毁灭),passaway(去世),decease(死亡),perish(死亡),euthanasia(安乐死),commitsuicide/killoneself/takeonesownlife(自杀),deathcertificate(死亡证明书),bury,coffin(棺材),grave(坟墓),tomb,graveyard(墓地),funeral(葬礼),ashes(骨灰),wreath(花圈),mourn(哀悼),facedeathwithasmile/withoutfear(视死如归),dieof/diefrom,dieagloriousdeath,shock(休克),fallinbattle(阵亡),memorialspeech(悼词),corpse(尸体),hearse(灵车),visitsomebodysgrave(上坟),remains(遗体),live,breath(e),pulse(脉搏),bloodpressure,heartbeat(心跳),survive(幸存),exist,create,liveon(继续生活),living,alive,existence,creation,birth,bear(生育),lay(产卵),hatch(孵出),born,bornandbred(土生土长的),unborn,dateofbirth,raise/bringup/rear(养育),cradle(摇篮),growth,growup,fertile(能繁殖的),embryo(胚胎),conceive(怀孕),pregnant(怀孕的),givebirthto(生育),deliveryroom(产房),prematurebirth(早产),comeintobeing(产生),bringtolife(使苏醒),cometo/getover/comeback(恢复),haveahairbreadthescape(死里逃生),aduckling,angel,greenshoots,sunflowers,Practicethegivendialoginpairs.ThenusethewordsorphrasesfromTask1tomakeupadialogaboutlifeanddeath.,SpeakingTask2,M:Grandma,lookWhatalovelybaby!W:Yeah.Theresnothingmorejoyousthanthearrivalofanewbaby.M:Imsoexcited!Oh,anewbaby!Shelooksalotlikeme.Dontyouthinkso?W:Yeah,shesgotyoureyes.Howtimeflies!Icanstillrememberthedayyourmombroughtyoutome.M:Howwasthat?W:Yourmomfeltveryweakaftergivingbirthtoyou.Sheturnedtomeforhelp.Icouldnthelplovingyouatfirstsight,soIagreedtobringyouupforsometime.,M:Isee.ThatswhyIspentmostofmychildhoodhere.W:Yes.M:Grandma,itsreallyhardtobearachild.W:Iknow.Itsdifficulttobearandbringupachild,butwhenthinkingofbringinganewlifetotheworld,Icanendureanyhardship.Lifeispriceless.M:Exactly.Andprobablythatswhypeoplearealwayssayingmotherhoodisgreat.,Workinpairs.Taketurnsaskingyourpartnerthefollowingquestionsandmakenotes.Thenorganizeyournotesandreporttotheclass.Whatsyourideaoflifeanddeath?Whatdoyouthinkisthevalueoflife?Howcanyoumakeyourlifemoremeaningful?,SpeakingTask3,ReadingA,Task2,Task3,Task1,Text,NewWordsandExpressions,Task4,Task6,Task7,Task8,Task5,ReadingATask1,Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartners.1.Ifoneofyourrelativesorfriendsissufferingfromanincurableandpainfuldisease,whatwouldyoudo?,Iwouldaskdoctorstotrytheirbesttoprolonghis/herlife.Or:Iwillacceptthefactandaccompanyhim/hertothelastminuteofhis/herlife.Or:Ipreferdoctorstoperformeuthanasia.,ReadingATask1,Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartners.2.Doyouknowanythingabouteuthanasia?,Yes.Euthanasiameansmercykillingwhichisanactiontakentoendthelifeofapersonsufferingfromincurabledisease.,ReadingATask1,Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartners.3.Areyoufororagainsteuthanasia?Why?,Imforitbecauseitcanstoponessuffering.Forthosewhohaveincurableandpainfuldiseases,toliveistosuffer.Euthanasiacanfreethemfrommoresuffering.Itcanalsostopthesufferingoftheirfamilies.Soweshouldpracticeittohelppeople.Or:Imagainstitbecauseitscruelandinhumane.Wehavenorighttoendanotherpersonslife.Ifdoctorsandnursesareinvolvedinkillingpeople,theywillnotonlylosethetrustandrespectoftheirpatients,butalsobreakthelaw.,ReadingATask2Text,翻译,ArgumentAgainstEuthanasia1Quiteafewpeopleareinfavorofeuthanasia,mostlybecausetheyfeelthatpeoplehavetherighttodecideforthemselveswhetherornotitistheirrighttodeterminewhentoendsomeoneslife.Thestrongerandmorewidelyheldopinionisagainsteuthanasiaprimarilybecausetheyrealizethateachpersonmustbefreefromdirectkilling,otherwisesocietybecomesajungle.,Nowreadthefollowingpassage.Markthedifficultparts,ifthereareany,andasktheteachertoexplainafterwards.,ReadingATask2Text,翻译,2-1Euthanasiaisthepracticeofpainlesslyputtingtodeathpersonswhohaveincurableandpainfuldiseases.ItcomesfromtheGreekwordsfor“good”and“death”,andiscommonlycalled“mercykilling”.Voluntaryeuthanasiamayoccurwhenincurablesickpeopleasktheirdoctors,friendsorrelativestoputthemtodeath.,ReadingATask2Text,翻译,2-2Thepatientsortheirrelativesmayaskadoctortostoptreatmentandletthemdie.Manycriticsofthemedicalprofessionsaythattoooftendoctorsplay“God”onoperatingtablesandinrecoveryrooms.Theyarguethatthereisnodoctorwhoshouldnotbepreventedfromdecidingwholivesandwhodies.,ReadingATask2Text,翻译,3-1TheissueofeuthanasiaishavingatremendousimpactonmedicineintheUnitedStatestoday.Itwasonlyinthenineteenthcenturythatthewordcametobeusedinthesenseofspeedinguptheprocessofdyingandthedestructionofso-calleduselesslives.Todayitisdefinedasthedeliberateendingoflifeofapersonsufferingfromanincurabledisease.Adistinctionismadebetweenpositiveoractive,andnegativeorpassive,euthanasia.,ReadingATask2Text,翻译,3-2Positiveeuthanasiaisthedeliberateendingoflife,anactiontakentocausethedeathofaperson.Negativeeuthanasiaisdefinedasthestoppingoflife-preservingproceduresandtreatmentsthatwouldprolongthelifeofonewhoisincurablyandterminallyillandcouldntsurvivewithoutthem.Thewordeuthanasiabecomesarespectablepartofourvocabularyinasubtleway,viathephrase“deathwithdignity”.,ReadingATask2Text,翻译,4-1ToleranceofeuthanasiaisnotlimitedtotheUnitedStates.AcourtcaseinSouthAfricaillustratesthisquitewell.Amedicaldoctor,S.V.Hatmann,seeinghiseighty-seven-year-oldfathersufferingfromterminalcanceroftheprostate,injectedanoverdoseofmorphineandthiopental,causinghisfathersdeathwithinseconds.,ReadingATask2Text,翻译,4-2Thecourtchargedthedoctorasguiltyofmurderbecause“thelawisclearthatitisstillacrimeofmurder,evenifanaccusedhadonlyspeededupthedeathofahumanbeingwhowoulddieinanyevent”.Inspiteofthischarge,thecourtsimplyimposedalightsentence,ashort-termimprisonment.,ReadingATask2Text,翻译,5Onceanygroupofhumanbeingsisconsideredunworthyofliving,whatistostopoursocietyfromextendingthiscrueltytoothergroups?Ifthemongoloidistobedeprivedofhisrighttolife,whatabouttheblindandthedeaf?Andwhataboutthecripple,theretarded,andthesenile?,ReadingA,安乐死之争1社会上相当一部分人赞成安乐死，主要是因为他们认为，人们有权决定是否有权确定何时结束某个人的生命。而更多的人则强烈反对安乐死，主要原因是他们认为每个人都必须免遭直接杀戮，否则这个社会便成了一个弱肉强食的社会。,ReadingA,2-1安乐死指的是让患有不治之症、饱受疾病折磨的人无痛苦地死去。其英语词源于希腊语，意为“好”和“死亡”，一般称为“安乐死”。自愿安乐死是指患有不治之症的病人请求医生、朋友或家人帮助他们结束自己的生命。,ReadingA,2-2病人或亲属会要求医生停止治疗，让他们死去。医学界许多对此持反对意见的人认为，医生常常在手术台前和恢复室里扮演着“上帝”的角色。他们说，应阻止任何医生去行使决定病人生死的权力。,ReadingA,3-1今天，安乐死对美国医学有着巨大的影响。直到19世纪,这个词才开始用来表示加速死亡的过程和结束所谓的无意义的生命。如今它被定义为故意结束患有不治之症病人的生命。积极或主动安乐死和消极或被动安乐死之间有明显差别。,ReadingA,3-2积极安乐死是指故意结束生命,直接致人死亡的行为。消极安乐死则是指终止维持生命的疗程和疗法的行为,这种疗程和疗法能够延长绝症患者或晚期病人的生命,对他们的生命不可或缺。“安乐死”一词通过“体面的死亡”这一短语巧妙地融入了我们的词汇,成了其中重要的一份子。,ReadingA,4-1人们对安乐死的宽容并不仅限于美国,发生在南非的一起诉讼案件就很好地证明了这一点。有位叫S.V.哈提曼的内科医生知道自己87岁的父亲所患的前列腺癌已到了晚期，便注射了过量的吗啡和硫喷妥钠，导致他父亲几秒钟内死亡。,ReadingA,4-2法庭指控他犯有谋杀罪，因为“法律明确规定即使被告所为是为了加速生命垂危者的死亡，仍被视为谋杀”。尽管如此，法庭还是对他从轻判处，判他短期监禁而已。,ReadingA,5一旦某一群人被认为没有生存的价值（而被实施安乐死），那什么又能够阻止社会将这种冷酷滥用在其他人身上呢？如果先天愚型患者被剥夺生存的权利，那么盲人、聋子该怎么办？跛子、智障者和年迈之人又该如何呢？,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,onthesideoforinsupportof,infavorof,e.g.Areyouinfavorofworkerscontrolofcompanies?,Intheirdiscussion,IwasinfavorofMr.Li.,Translation在他们的讨论中，我支持李先生。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,Morepeoplestronglyopposeeuthanasia.,Thestrongerandmorewidelyheldopinionisagainsteuthanasia,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,withoutsomethingthatyoudonotwanttohave,freefrom,e.g.TheUnitedStateswasfoundedbecauseindividualswantedtobefreefromoppressivepracticesoftheBritishinthe1700s.,Peopleintherearefreefromwantandfear.,Translation生活在那里的人民可免于匮乏和恐惧。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,n.aharshenvironmentcharacterizedbyfiercecompetitivenessorstruggleforsurvival,jungle,e.g.Youvegottobetoughitsajungleoutthere.,Thisplaceisturningintoajunglealready.,Translation这个地方已变得乱七八糟。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,a.notpossibletocure,incurable,e.g.Asweknow,AIDSisanincurabledisease.,Hewasfoundinincurabledisease.,Translation他被查出得了不治之症。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,dness,soft-heartedness,kindness,e.g.Thejudgeshowedmercyandimposedtheshortestsentencehecould.,Thekingshowednomercyandkilledalltheprisoners.,Translation这个国王没有宽容之心，杀死了所有的犯人。,mercy,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,a.donewillinglyandwithoutbeingforced,voluntary,e.g.Theprofessortoldusthatattendanceathislecturesisvoluntary.,Manysocialservicesarestillprovidedbyvoluntarysocietiesinourcity.,Translation在我们的城市，许多社会服务仍然是由志愿团体提供的。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,tokill,esp.withofficialpermission,putsomebodytodeath,e.g.Theprisonerswereallputtodeath.,Finallyhewasputtodeath.,Translation他最后被处死了。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,toactasifyouareintotalcontrolofsomething,playGod,e.g.GeneticengineersshouldnotbeallowedtoplayGod,interferingwiththebasicpatternsofNature.,HelikestoplayGod（Hebehavesasifhecouldcontrolpeopleandevents.,Translation他以上帝自居（控制人与事）。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,Theyarguethatalldoctorsshouldbepreventedfromdecidingwholivesandwhodies.,Theyarguethatthereisnodoctorwhoshouldnotbepreventedfromdecidingwholivesandwhodies,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,a.verybig,fast,powerful,etc.,tremendous,e.g.Ilearnedatremendousamountinashorttime.,Theexplosiongaveforthatremendoussound.,Translation爆炸发出巨大的声响。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,n.aforcefulconsequence;astrongeffect,impact,e.g.Thebookhadanimportantimpactonmythinking.,ItsdifficulttoassesstheimpactofthePresidentsspeech.,Translation总统讲话的巨大影响很难估计。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,Thisisastructureforstress.Thepartstressedisputbetween“Itis/was.”and“.that”.,Itwasonlyinthenineteenthcenturythat.so-calleduselesslives,e.g.Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.,Itwasat10oclockthatIheardthenews.,Translation我听到那个新闻是10点钟。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,tostarttodosomething,cometodo,e.g.Ivecometolikeheroverthemonths.,Youcometodoexplainit.,Translation你来解释一下。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,usedtoshowthatthewordorphrasebeingusedtodescribesomebody/somethingisnotappropriate,so-called,e.g.Howhavetheseso-calledimprovementshelpedthelocalcommunity?,Thisisso-calledArtificialIntelligence(AI).,Translation这就是所谓的人工智能。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,a.(esp.ofsomethingbad)doneonpurpose,deliberate,e.g.Thecarcrashwasadeliberateattempttokillher!,Theaccidentisadeliberatemurderactually.,Translation这场事故实际上是一起蓄意谋杀。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,tosaythattwothingsorgroupsaredifferentortreattheminadifferentway,makeadistinction,e.g.Theschoolmakesnodistinctionbetweenmaleandfemalestudents.,Weshouldmakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.,Translation我们应该分清是非。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,a.consideringonlythebadqualitiesofasituation,person,etc.andnotthegoodones.,negative,e.g.Hernegativeattitudereallyannoysme.,Youcantlearnanythingwithnegativeattitude.,Translation你用消极的态度什么也学不到。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,v.tomakesuresomethinglasts,e.g.Theyareanxioustopreservetheareasruralcharacter.,Itriedtopreservemyindependence.,Translation我试图保持自己的独立性。,preserve,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,n.thecorrectornormalwayofdoingsomething,e.g.Whatstheprocedureofrenewingyourcartax?,Obtainingarefundfromthecompanyisacomplicatedprocedure.,Translation向公司索取退款手续很复杂。,procedure,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,ime,e.g.Heprolongedhisvisitbytwoweeks.,Wearetryingtoprolongthecontractsperiodofvalidity.,Translation我们试图延长合同的有效期。,prolong,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,v.tonotdieinanaccidentorwarorfromanillness,e.g.Only12ofthe140passengerssurvived.,Theurgetosurvivedrovethemon.,Translation求生的欲望驱使他们继续努力。,survive,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,a.ofsomemeritorimportance,e.g.Theystudiedthisrespectablebiologicaltextandmadeanexperimenttotestthedatainit.,Sheisarespectablecareerwoman.,Translation她是个受人尊敬的职业妇女。,respectable,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,a.notloud,bright,noticeableorobviousinanyway,e.g.Theplaysmessageisperhapstoosubtletobeunderstoodbyyoungchildren.,Notethesubtlegradationof/incolorinthispainting.,Translation注意这幅画中色彩的细微变化。,subtle,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,prep.usingaparticularperson,machine,etc.tosendsomething,e.g.IsentamessagetoKittyviahersister.,Icansendhimanoteviatheinternalmailsystem.,Translation我可以通过内部通信系统给他发个通知。,via,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,OthercountriesbesidestheUnitedStatesalsoalloweuthanasia.,ToleranceofeuthanasiaisnotlimitedtotheUnitedStates,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,v.tomakethemeaningofsomethingclearerbygivingrelatedexamples,illustrate,e.g.Hisstoryaboutherillustrateshercourageveryclearly.,Hepointedatthediagramtoillustratehispoint.,Translation他指着图表来说明他的论点。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,a.oforbeinganillnessthatwillcausedeath,terminal,e.g.Hisfatherdiedofaterminalcancer.,About70%patientswereinterminalastheyarediagnosed.,Translation70%的病人在确诊时为中晚期。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,n.toomuchofadrugtakenatonetime,overdose,e.g.Itwassaidthefamousrockstardiedfromanoverdoseofdrug.,Heoverdosedonsleeping-pillsanddied.,Translation他服用安眠药过量致死。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,v.tostateofficiallythatsomeoneisguiltyofacrime,e.g.Amanhasbeenchargedinconnectionwiththemurder.,Thesuspectwaschargedwithmurderinghiswife.,Translation嫌疑犯被控诉为谋杀他的妻子。,charge,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,(adjectiveusedwith“an”or“the”)somebodyorsomepeoplebeingchargedwithwrongdoinginacriminalcase,theaccused,e.g.Totheirsurprise,theaccusedwasreleasedfromtheprison.,Severaloftheaccusedwerefoundguilty.,Translation被告中有数人被判定有罪。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,inanycase;whateverhappens,inanyevent,e.g.Iwillremainloyaltomycountryinanyevent.,Inanyevent,weshouldcarryonwithourresearch.,Translation无论如何，我们必须坚持研究。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,withoutbeingpreventedbysomething;despite,inspiteof,e.g.Wewentoutinspiteoftherain.,Iknowwhateveryoutry,youllwinoutinspiteofearlydifficulties.,Translation我知道你无论做什么，不管最初多么困难，最终都会成功。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,v.officiallyforcearule,tax,punishment,etc.tobeobeyed,e.g.Thejudgeimposedheavyfinesforminordrivingoffences.,Thejudgeimposedafineoftendollarsonhim.,Translation法官判他罚款10美元。,impose,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,n.thepunishmentimposedbyacourtonsomebodyconvictedofacrime,sentence,e.g.Thecriminalwasgivenasentenceof15yearsinprison.,Thejudgereadthesentencetothecriminal.,Translation法官向罪犯宣读了判决。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,Ifthesocietyconsidersanygroupofpeopleshoulddie,nothingwillpreventitfromthinkingthatothergroupsshouldalsodie.,Onceanygroupofhumanbeingisconsidered.toothergroups?,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,a.notdeservingsomething,e.g.abenefit,privilege,orcompliment,unworthy,e.g.Theyprovedthemselvesunworthyofourtrust.,Thisisunworthytobediscussed.,Translation这件事不值得讨论。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,totakesomethingawayfromsomebody,deprivesomebodyofsomething,e.g.Thislawwilldepriveusofourmostbasicrights.,Thespreadoftelevisionhaveconsiderablydepriveusofourtimeforreading.,Translation电视的普及剥夺了我们相当多的阅读时间。,ReadingATask2NewWordsandExpressions,usedtosuggestsomething,whatabout,e.g.WhataboutLilyshallweinviteher?,Whataboutyourtripnextweek?,Translation你下星期的旅行怎么样了?,ReadingATask3,Readtheabovepassageagainandfillinthefollowingtable.,anactiontakentoendapersonslifeonpurpose,Wearemastersoflife.Wecanjudgewhetherornotitisappropriatetodecidewhentoendoneslife.,Thesocietywouldbecomeajungleifweextendeddirectlawfulkillingofpeople.,anactiontakentostoplife-preserving,proceduresandtreatmentsthatwouldprolongthelifeofonewhoisincurablyandterminallyillandcantsurvivewithoutthem.,ReadingATask4,Fillintheblankswithwordsorphrasesfromtheabovepassageaccordingtothemeaningintherightcolumn.Thefirstlettersarealreadygiven.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartners.,remendous,ccuse,urvive,reserve,elibrate,mpose,harge,egative,ruelty,illustrate,c_,n_,c_,i_,d_,p_,s_,a_,t_,awillingnessordesiretomakepeopleoranimalssuffer,lackinginhelpfulqualitiesorcharacteristics,verygreatinsize,amountordegree,bringaspokenorwrittenstatementblamingapersonforbreakingthelawordoingsomethingmorallywrong,place(apenalty,tax,etc.)officiallyon,doneonpurpose,keepormaintainsomethinginanunchangedorperfectcondition,continuetoliveorexist,saythatsomebodyhasdonesomethingwrong,isguilty(ofsomething)orhasbrokenthelaw,makethemeaningofsomethingclearerbygivingrelatedexamples,ReadingATask5,CompletethefollowingsentenceswithwordsorphrasesfromTask4.Changeformsifnecessary.,1.Thecarwasclearlyoutofcontrolandhitthewallata(n)_speed.2.Themanager_mewithneglectingmyduty,whichledtothatbigfire.3.Itwas_ofhimtomakethedonkeycarrysuchaheavyload.4.Thepoliceannouncedthatthecarcrashwasntanaccidentbuta(n)_attempttokillthePresident.5.Thegovernmentplannedto_anewtaxonwineandtobacco.,tremendous,charged,cruel,impose,deliberate,ReadingATask5,CompletethefollowingsentenceswithwordsorphrasesfromTask4.Changeformsifnecessary.,6.Theydeclaredwithdisappointmentthattheireffortsto_peaceintheMiddleEasthadfailed.7.Healwaysmaintainsa(n)_attitudeaboutlife,soyoudbetterhaveatalkwithhim.8.Ifyouwantto_himofcheating,youmustfirstofallpresentenoughevidence.9.Ofthesixpeopleinjuredinthecrash,onlytwo_.10.Maybeyoushouldgivemoreexamplesto_thisdifficultpoint.,preserve,negative,accuse,illustrate,survived,ReadingATask6,Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentences,usingthewordsgivenbelow.,Anormalhomelifehasbeentakenawayfromalotofthesechildren.2.Luckilyenough,thestrongtyphoonwhichsweptthewholeareahasntcausedanydamagetoourvillage.,Alotofthesechildrenhavebeendeprivedofanormalhomelife.,Luckilyenough,ourvillagewasfreefromtheheavydamagecausedbythestrongtyphoonwhichsweptthewholearea.,ReadingATask6,3.Theysaytheyexpectthemeet