跨文化交际culture

Unit1:Culture,TeachingObjectives,1.Tounderstandthedefinitionsofculture.2.Toknowaboutthemetaphorsofculture.3.Tolearnaboutthecharacteristicsofculture.,WarmupQuestions,1.HowdidChineseandAmericanperceiveParentsbeatingtheirownchilddifferently?ToshowrespecttotheotherorgivethefacetotheotherIllegalasthechildabuse,2.WhatisagoodfriendinChineseandAmericanculture?BeloyaltoeachotherandneverbetrayeventolieBehonestandconstructiveandhelpful,3.HowdidSunwukonginAJourneytotheWestrepresentthetraditionalChinesevaluesandethics?Warmhearted,compassionate,perseverantBad-tempered,violent,DefinitionofCulture,Cultureisubiquitous,multi-dimensionalandall-pervasive,aswehaveitalmostanywhereandanytime.Sowhatisculture?Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan164definitionsofculture.Wearetryingtoexaminethethreeingredientsofculturetoreachanconsensus(pg.5-6).,ThreeIngredients,artifactsbehaviorconcepts(beliefs,values,worldviews)e.g.Whereasthemoneyisconsideredanartifact,theactualspendingandsavingofthemoneyisbehavior.Thenthevalueplacedonitisaconcept.,FromAnthropologicPerspective,Cultureisthecivilizationsandachievementsofaparticulartimeorpeople.Thisisananthropologistsdefinition.,FromIntellectualPerspective,AccordingtotheConciseOxfordDictionary,cultureistheartsandothermanifestationsofhumanintellectualachievementregardedcollectively.Itreferstointellectualperspective,suchasmusic,art,exhibition,dance,etc.WhenyoutalkaboutPicasso,Beethoven,etc.,youaretalkingaboutculture.,FromPsychologicalPerspective,Cultureisanobservablepatternofbehaviorwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother.,FromInterculturalCommunicationPerspective,Cultureisalearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,andnorms,whichaffectthebehaviorofarelativelylargegroupofpeople.,Summary,Cultureinvolvesatleastthreecomponents:thematerialandspiritualproductspeopleproducewhattheydowhattheythink,MetaphorsforCulture,Byexaminingthemetaphorsforculture,wearegoingtofigureouttheprominentcharacteristicsofculture.TheCulturalIcebergTheCultureOnion,Theaspectsofculturethatareexplicit,visible,taught.,Theaspectsofculturethatareintangibleandnottaughtdirectly.,Justasanicebergwhichhasavisiblesectionabovethewaterlineandalargerinvisiblesectionbelowthewaterline,culturehassomeaspectsthatareobservableandothersthatcanonlybesuspectedandimagined.Alsolikeaniceberg,thepartofculturethatisvisibleisonlyasmallpartofamuchbiggerwhole.Itissaidnine-tenthofcultureisbelowthesurface.(pg.7),Mongoliansareveryseriousandcomposedintheirexpressions.Inthecity,thisisbeginningtochangeslightly.Youllseeanumberofmystudentssmiling.Butthisisnottraditional.WhenIfirstcamehere,myfriendsaskedmewhyAmericanssmilesomuch.TheyfeltthatAmericanasmileevenatpeopletheydontlikeandthatquiteinsincere.LisaBuchwalder,Kimono;Saki;TatamitheBeatles,Greetings,WorktoliveLivetowork,Cultureintheouterlayer:Aparticularsymbolischosengivesagoodideaofthecultureofthatinstance.Heroesarechosenasexamplesforpeopleinaparticulargroup.Cultureinthemiddlelayer:Thethingsoneissupposedtodoincertainsituationsoratcertainmomentsoftheday,theweekortheyear.Cultureintheinnernucleuslayer:Atthecentreoftheonionliethevalues,thereasonswhywedo.Thesevaluesarethecoreoftheculture,butmoredifficulttoobserveandtoknow,eveninonesownculture.,Culturecanbeimaginedasanonion,consistingofmultiplelayers.,CharacteristicsofCulture,Cultureisshared.Allcommunicationstakeplacebymeansofsymbols.,WhycanthepictureonthemoneyprovethemanistheSultanofBrunei?Whydoestheimageonmoneyusuallysymbolize?,Cultureislearned.Cultureislearned,notinherited.Itderivesfromonessocialenvironment,notfromonesgenes.Enculturation(文化习得):alltheactivitiesoflearningonesculturearecalledenculturation.,AnAmericanboywasbornintheunitedStates,butgrewupinChina,ashisparentsweredoingbusinessinChina.HefinishedhisprimaryschoolandjuniorschoolinChina.AtschoolhestudiedandplayedwithhisChineseclassmatesandspokemandarin.ButhespokeEnglishwithhisparentsathome.WhattroubledhisparentsmostwasthathisthinkingandbehaviorswerejustidenticaltoaChineseboys,whichoftenmadehiscommunicationwithhisparentsdifficult.,Cultureisdynamic.(pg.6)Cultureissubjecttochange.Itsdynamicratherthanstatic,constantlychangingandevolvingundertheimpactofeventsandthroughcontactwithothercultures.Acculturation(文化适应):theprocesswhichadoptsthechangesbroughtaboutbyanothercultureanddevelopsanincreasedsimilaritybetweenthetwocultures.,Cultureisethnocentric(文化中心主义).Ethnocentricisthebeliefthatyourownculturalbackg