非谓语动词做题技巧

Non-finiteVerb,1.todo2.-ing3.done,非谓语动词复习专题,非谓语动词的形式（以do为例）,Tomreturnedfromthemanagersoffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.7.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowersboughtbyhermother.8.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗争。),找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）,下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤,一.非谓语动词的七大经典原则,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义,英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_foraspaceflight.（2007江西卷）A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，故选D。如：Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._thiscake，youllneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.（2006广东卷）A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making,tocatchupthefirstbus.,3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(2007湖南卷)A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved,4.Hesat_toher_thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing作伴随状语；listento后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。,【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当时持续了一会儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.,listentodo/doing,ing形式作伴随状语与todo作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,_thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_onabigrock(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,_alongspeech.(prepare)4._warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep),preparing,torest,hoping,Tokeep,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_inthenaturallightduringtheday.（2007天津卷）A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet【解析此处用-ing表示自然而然的结果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.（2005山东卷）A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching,8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.（2006陕西卷）A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told,7.Hehurriedtothestation,only_thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东卷)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的结果。,练一练：ThecaptaingotmetobelievethatthewaterwassowarmsoIwentoffintothePacifictoswimashoretoanisland,only_(discover)hisideaofwarmwasntquitethesameasmine.（周报第8期）Helefthishometown20yearsago,never_(see)again.Helefthishometown20yearsago,never_(return),tobeseen,toreturn,todiscover,扩展：S+P+,+nevertodosth/tobedone某人做从未/在也不/不被,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.（2007浙江卷）A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式，因此可排除B和C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选A。,11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed,10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose,【解析】of后应接-ing，desks与openandclose之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因couldbeheard，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。,of,astranger,hiseyes,sitting,seatvt.,fixoneseyesupon,=Iwasseated.,Iseatedmyself.,=Isatdown,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_.（2006陕西卷）A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn13.Whilewatchingtelevision，_.（2005全国卷III）A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings,watching,facedwith,(be)facedwith,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）14._fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.（2005湖北卷）BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated,15.Themanager，_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.（2005江西卷）A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making,left,has,16.LiMingissaid_abroad.DoyouknowwhatcountryYes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying,hestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?,C,A,B,is,Sbissaidtodo据说,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting_thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGoghspaintings.（2006上海卷）A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait,themeeting,thedayaftertomorrow,visitors,19.“Things_nevercomeagain!”Icouldnthelptalkingtomyself.（2007湖南卷）A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost20.Thelastone_paysthemeal.Agreed!（2007全国I）A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving,Things,Thelastone,losevt.losesb/sth,注：受thefirst，thesecond.thelast修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。,练一练：你是第二个犯这错误的人。Youarethesecondtomakethemistake.,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.这是一个已经讨论了的问题。2.这是一个正在讨论的问题。3.这是一个将要讨论的问题。Thisisaproblemdiscussed.（已经完成的被动动作）Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.（正在进行的被动动作）Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.（将要进行的被动动作）,discussed,beingdiscussed,tobediscussed,已经,正在,将要,原则一：用作目的状语，,原则二：用作伴随状语，,原则三：用作结果状语，,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.,原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/todo,原则区别是：-ing表示一定逻辑的结果，todo表示非逻辑的结果。,原则四：凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（-ing的完成式或不定式的完成式）,原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。,二.非谓语动词解题四大步骤,（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”,_manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.,2._manytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit.,HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.Thoughhewastold,C,_,A,注意连词,3.It_ahotday,wedbettergoswimming.,4._arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.,isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.been,C,E,注意标点符号,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.4.Convincedofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.,一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。,A.totakeB.takingC.tobetakenD.taken,D,B,1._everythingintoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.,2.Everything_intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.,Everything,they,（三）分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,“Youcantcatchme!”Janeshouted,_away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing,Jane,thetwostudents,（四）分析时态,1.Thebuilding_nowwillbearestaurant.,2.Thebuilding_nextyearwillbearestaurant.,3.Thebuilding_lastyearisarestaurant.,havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.built,_,C,_,B,_,D,二.找逻辑主语,三、分析语态,四、分析时态,一.辨别“谓与非谓”,三.非谓语动词解题步骤,方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态,Practice,从高考试题看非谓语动词考查方向考点一：考查非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别。07年1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_31_(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.2.Whileshewasgettingme_34_(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.,broke,settled,08年1.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop_32_(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.2.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_40_(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.,tohelp,results,09年1.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_32_（please）ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.2.Besides，shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_34_（push）youwiththeirelbows（肘部），hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.3.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_40_（inform).,toplease,pushed,wasinformed,10年1.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_33_(present)thewatertotheoldman.2.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,_37_(say)itwasawful.11年Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman18(sit)atthefront.He19(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.,presented,saying,sitting/sit,waspretending,SteveJobs,thevisionary,foundedAppleinaSiliconValleygarageandbuiltitintotheworldsleadingtechcompanyandledamobile-computingrevolutionwithwildlypopulardevicessuchastheiphone.Hewasalsoagoodexampleof“TheAmericanDream.SteveJobscamefromhumblebeginnings.HehadbeenadoptedasachildbyaworkingclassfamilyinCalifornia.Hedidnthaveagoodeducation.Instead,hedroppedoutofcollegeearlyandstartedAppleinhisparentsgarage.Buthissuccesswassoonfollowedbyadversity.,JobswasfiredasCEOofthecompanyin1985,butthatsetbackdidnotstophim.JobsbuiltanewcomputercompanyandalsostartedPixarwhichproducedthehitmoviesToyStoryandFindingNemo.Later,whenapplewasstruggling,Jobswasbroughtbacktosavethecompany-andhedidit.Hesufferedsetbacksinbusinessandinhishealth,butherefusedtoletthosesetbacksdampenhisdesireofachievinghisdream,leavingsomeinspirationalwordsforyounginnovators:“stayhungry,stayfoolish”.,Afteraverylongbattlewithcancer,hepassedawayattheageof56.Hisdeathwasmournedbymillionsofpeopleworldwide.Hewasabusiness,buthewasthe“MichaelJackson”ofbusinessmen.HisAppleproductswerelikesongsthattouchedpeoplesheartsandchangedtheirlives.,AdoptedbyPaulandClaraJobsinSantaClara,HewasborninGreenBay,Wisconsin.AftergraduatingfromhighschoolinCupertino,California,hewenttoReedCollegeinPortlandOregon,buthedroppedoutofschoolonesemesterlater.Whenhewas21,JobsteamedwithWozniakandtwoothermentolaunchAppleComputerInc.,考点二：考查非谓语动词作定语。例2（2011年高考湖南卷）21.Theability_（express）anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.例3（2011年高考湖南卷）23.Theplayers_（select）fromthewholecoun