高三一轮复习定语从句总结

定语从句,TheAttributiveClause,定语的位置Ilikethegreenteam.Iliketheteamingreen.Iliketheteamwhowerewearinggreen.,这是我的杯子Thisismycup.这是装满水的杯子。Thisisthecupfulloftea.这是我喝茶用的杯子。ThisisthecupwhichIdrinkteawith.,当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。,为什么用定语从句,定语从句的定义,定语从句，也称关系从句和形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制，描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个句子或主句中的一部分），即句子作定语。,ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,先行词+定语从句（名词/代词）+（关系词其他成分）,关系词引导定语从句,起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。,先行词,关系词,定语从句,1.连接作用:引导从句并同时连接主句.2.指代作用:在从句中指代它前面的先行词.3.成分作用:在从句中充当成分.如:主语(who,that,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,ofwhom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).说明:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,其他成分一般不可省略.,判断是定语从句的三要素,1.看是否有先行词。2看是否有关系词。3看是否关系词在定语从句中做成分。,ThisisthecupwhichIdrinkteawith.,ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.,Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,先行词,关系词,定语从句,先行词,关系词,定语从句,关系词在定语从句中做主语,关系词在定语从句里做宾语。,关系词在定语从句中做定语。,October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasborn.Idontknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday,先行词,关系词,定语从句,关系副词在定语从句中时间状语。,先行词,关系词,关系副词在定语从句中地点状语。,定语从句,先行词,关系词,关系副词在定语从句中原因状语。,定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词,作表语,that,that/which,是,在定语从句中用什么关系词的方法,1.看先行词是什么.2.看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分.主语(who,that,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,ofwhom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).,Titanicistheship_sankafterhittinganiceberg.,that/which,RoseandJackarethelovers_metontheship.,who/that,3.Thehousetheybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.,1.Theearthquakehitthecityin2008wasthebiggestinChinesehistory.,2.Wedontknowthenumberofpeoplelosttheirhomesin1906earthquake,that/which,that/who,（which/that）,4.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangestoriesandpersons_theymetinthevillage.5.Harryistheboy_motherisourmathsteacher.6.Luckilynoneofthepeople_Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.,(who/whom/that),whose,(that),1.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时用that，而不用which,Thefirstplace_theyvisitedwasYangzhou.Thisisthethirdfilm_hasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.,Themostimportantthing_shouldbedonenowistostudyEnglish.,(that),that,that,(that),Thisisthebestfilm_Ihaveseen.,2.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时用that，而用which,.先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时用that，而不用which,Thewriterandhisnovel_youhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.Thebikeanditsrider_hadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.,Thereisnothing_theywanttobuy.Thatisall_Iwanttosay.,(that),(that),(that),that,4.先行词是all,much,little,few,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词用that，而不用which,5.先行词被any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修饰时Theonlything_wecoulddowastowait.Thisisoneofthepresents_myboyfriendgavemeonmybirthday.,6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings_hadneverbeenseenbefore.,(that),(that),that,7.主句已有疑问词which时,避免与先行词重复。Whichisthebook_heputherejustnow?,that,8.主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。Theresstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree。,10.被修饰词为数词时。YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.,先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用that，不宜用which的情况：,先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不宜用that的情况ThisistheliberaryfromwhichIborrowedthebook.IsthistheroominwhichMrWhitelives?Crusoesdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.,1、当关系代词前面有介词时，且关系代词一律不能省略。,2、在非限制性定语从句中。,3、当关系代词指代前面整个句子时Hepassedtheexam,_madehisfatherveryhappy.,which,小结：关系代词指物时用法要点,定语从句中先行词指物宜用that，不宜用which的情况.1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时.2.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时.3.先行词既有人又有物时4.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时5.先行词any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修饰时6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。7.主句已有疑问词which时8.主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。9.被修饰词为数词时。,先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不宜用that的情况。1.关系代词前有介词时,只用which，且关系代词一律不能省略。2.在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。3.当关系代词指代前面整个句子时。,先行词指人时定语从句中关系代词宜用who而不宜用that的情况：、先行词为one,ones,anyone或those时。ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.Anyonewhofailedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce.,在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。Theresagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclause.,关系代词与介词1.当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。(固定短语中的介词不可提前)例如：IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotethatletter.2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，且这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如：Themanwhom/who/that/可省hewantstoseeisinShanghai.,关系代词as引导限制性定语从句Shewearsthesamekindofclothesashersisterwears.(不是同一件)(Cf.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.（同一件）Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhimwerereliable.)Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.Inthecity,IoncesawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamtof.,.定语从句的分类：（1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。（2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号。,Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（一）,（限制性）,（非限制性）,which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。有时as也可用作关系代词。3.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who,whom代表人，用which代表事物。,非限定性定语从句,as与which引导非限制性定语从句WhereverImethim,whichwasfairlyfrequent,Ilikedhissweethopefulsmile.,Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.,Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.Grammar,ashasbeensaidbefore,isnotasetofdeadrules.Heisabitoutofhismind,asallthosewhoknowhimcansee.Asapoetpointsout,lifeisbutadream.Thematerialiselastic,as(is)showninthefigure.,1.which（它所引导的定语从句只能放在先行词后）2.as（它所引导的定语从句放在先行词前后都可以，并可翻译成“正如”）,关系代词as的用法及其与which的区别。关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词which则不可以。请比较：Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,asisknownbyus.,as在引导非限制性定语从句时的常用短语有：asiswellknownasweallknowasmaybeimaginedasisexpectedaswehadexpectedasisoftenthecase,_weallknow,heisafamousscientist._isexpected,heisadiligentboy._everyoneknows,itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown.Itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown,_iscleartous.Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,_isknownbyus.,As,As,As,which,as,关系副词引导的定语从句,先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分的用法。Doyourememberthedayswhen/inwhichIstayedwithyouintheUSA?2)Thefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedfortwentyyearsisclosingdown.3)Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslateforschoolwasthathedidntcatchthebus.,你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？,他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。,他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。,小结归纳when通常放在表示时间的名词(先行词)后引导定语从句，如句1）；where放在表示地点的名词(先行词)后引导定语从句，如句2）；why经常放在reason(先行词)的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）；,关系副词when,where,why的用法关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子不缺少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意思时，这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。,2.先行词和关系副词的种类,where,when,why,关系副词=,介词+which,关系副词when,where,why和介词+which的关系关系副词when,where,why可用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+whichPs:介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。（注意固定短语中介词的位置）,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.,onwhich,Jimstillremembersthehappytimewhenwegottogetherlastyear.,duringwhich,Itis1stOct.whenwecelebrateournationsbirthday.,onwhich,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,WegotthestationearlywherewesawTomoff.,atwhich,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.,forwhich,Shewillnevertellusthereasonswhyshemarriedsuchanoldman.,forwhich,1.Iwontforgetthetime_Igotmarried.2.Haveyoustillrememberthedays_westayedtogether?3.Thisistheplace_wehadagoodtime.4.Isthisthehouse_Mr.Smithlives?5.Idontknowthereason_hewontjoinus.6.Doyouknowthereason_hedidntcometosweeptheclassroom?,when,inwhich,when,onwhich,where,duringwhich,where,inwhich,why,forwhich,why,forwhich,关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which同样是修饰reason，有时使用why，有时使用that.主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词做状语，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。,请比较以下句子：Thisisthepark_wevisitedlastyear.Thisisthepark_weheldabirthdayparty.Thatsthedate_shewontforgetforever.Thatsthedate_wewenttothecollege.Ilikethetime_wehadtogether.Ilikethetime_welivedtogether.Thisisthereason_heexplainedforhiscarelessnessinhiswork.Thisisthereason_hedidso.,(that),why,when,从句意思不完整需要加宾语,where,（从句完整，只需加上特的关系副词做状语）,that,that,that,when,一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。1.IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.1.Weshouldgototheplace_wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.what1B2C,关系代词that和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语关系副词when/where/why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。,定语从句易混句型,1.Istillrememberthedays_Iworkedwiththefarmers.Istillrememberthedays_IspentwiththefarmerswhichB.onwhichC.whenD.what2.Wewereontheway_itbegantorain.Idontliketheway_youspeaktoyourparents.A.whenB.thatC.howD.which,3.Theteacherdidntknowthereason_shewasabsentyesterday.Theteachercouldntacceptthereason_sheexplainedyesterday.A.howB.whyC.thatD.who4.Isthisschool_youevervisited?Isthistheschool_youeverstudied?Isthistheschoolin_youeverstudied?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone,5.Thisis_hesaidathemeetingyesterday.Thisisall_hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how6._isreportedinthenewspapers,theyhavebeatenalltheotherteams._isreportedinthenewspaperthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams._isreportedinthenewspaperisthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.What,7.Thatisthehouse,_windowshasntbeencleanedformonths.Thatisthehouse,_thewindowshasntbeencleanedformonths.Thatisthehouse,but_windowshasntbeencleanedformonths.A.itsB.itsC.whoseD.ofwhich,8.Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,_true.Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,but_true.hewasB.itwasC.whichwasD.whowas,这是我们曾经住过的房子这是他们去年建的房子我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子,Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichweoncelived.,Thisisthehousewhich/thattheybuiltlastyear.,Illneverforgetthedayswhen/onwhichwestayedinBeijing.,汉译英1.你还记得我们一起在乡下度过的假期吗？2.这是我父亲从前工作过的工厂。3.我找不到他离开这儿的原因。4.我知道一个我们可以玩的开心的地方。5.那就是他10年前住过的房子。6.那就是我去美国的那一年。,1.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._Igotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.Itshow2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis3.Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,_ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.WhoB.whomC.whatD.whcih,Thatswhy,whichIthinkis,which,历届高考定语从句例题,4.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_standsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there5.Theboss_departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolooksdownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose6.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,where,inwhose,theway,历届高考定语从句例题,7.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during_timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same8.Onthewallhungapicture,_colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its9.WheneverImethim,_wasfairlyoften;Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,which,whose,which,历届高考定语从句例题,10.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat(2000)11._hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which,which,As,历届高考定语从句例题,Practice1.Isthislaboratory_thestudentsvisitedyesterday.Isthisthelaboratory_thestudentsvisitedyesterday.A.thatB.theoneC.whereD.inwhich,theone,that,2.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what,as,3.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone,that,4.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_couldntbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat5.Haveyouseentheboy_?A.thatItoldB.ItoldyouofC.whomItoldyouD.Itoldyouofhim6.Chinahasthousandsofislands,_HainanIslandisthelargest.A.ofthemB.amongwhichC.oneofwhichD.amongthem,that,whomItoldyou,amongwhich,7.Isthistheplane_hecametoNewYork?A.whichB.bywhichC.thatD.inwhich8.Shelikestousewords_iscleartohim.A.ofwhichthemeaningB.ofwhichmeaningC.whoseofmeaningD.meaningofwhich9.Who_knowshimwouldtrusthim?A.whomB.thatC.whichD.who,bywhich,(A),that,10.Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.whichsingsB.whosingC.thatsingsD.whotosing11.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplaces_impressedhermost.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.who12.Westillremembertheday_wespentdoingtheexperiment.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.onwhich,(c),that,which,Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences.1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3.Whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?4.Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.5.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.6.Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?7.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.8.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.,whom,whose,that,are,likes,去掉her,去掉it,who,Thankyouverymuch!,Thewomanismymother.Sheisspeakingatthemeeting.Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.注意：因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。,关系代词的省略1.条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。2.情况：a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾例如：Hereistheman(that)youhavebeenlookingfor.c.关系代词在从句中做表语时例如：Shanghaiisnolongerthecity(which)itusedtobe.d.在therebe句型中，先行词是way时，关系代词省略。例：Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youtalktome.,关系代词that和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语关系副词when/where/why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。例如：Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichweoncelived.这是我们曾经住过的房子Thisisthehousewhich/thattheybuiltlastyear.这是他们去年建的房子Illneverforgetthedayswhen/onwhichwestayedinBeijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子,（Where相当于inthehouse做地点状语）,(which/that指代house做built的宾语）,（When相当于onthedays做时间状语，onthedays“在这些日子”）,IllneverforgetthedayswhichwespentinBeijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子Thatisthereasonwhichwastoldbytheboy.那就是那个男孩说的原因。,（Which指代thedays做spent的宾语）,（Which指代thereason做主语）,1.Istillrememberthedays_Iwor