研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson5课后习题答案.ppt

Lesson5Scanning:RapidlyLocatingInformation,UnitTwoTechniquesforEfficientReading,Mostpeoplecankeeptheirmindsononetopicforalimitedperiodoftime.Thisiscalledtheirattentionspan.Youcanincreaseyourattentionspanbyusingthetechniqueslistedbelow:,Setgoalsforyourselfandreadwithapurpose.Ifyouarelookingforspecificinformationasyouread,itwillbeeasiertokeepyourattentionfocusedonthematerial.So,beforeyoubegintoreadatextinEnglish,decidewhatyouintendtoaccomplishduringthatsessionandabouthowmuchtimeitwilltake.,2.Varyyourreading.Itiseasytotireofreadingaboutaparticularsubjectifyouspendtoolongonit.Toovercomethisproblem,workonseveraldifferentassignmentsonaneveningratherthanfinishoneassignmentcompletely.Thevarietyofsubjectmatterswillprovideaneededchangeandmaintainyourinterest.Evenwhenyouarestudyingthesamematerial,youcanreaditseveraltimesinsteadofgoingslowlysentencebysentence,paragraphafterparagraph.Instead,trytoreaditseveraltimes,varyingthespeedandfocusofeachreading.,3.Readwithacriticaleye.Keepingacriticaleyewhilereadingcanhelpyoutobealertandtoremembermoreofthecontent.,4.Combinephysicalandmentalactivities.Readingisprimarilyamentalactivity.Becausetherestofyourbodyisnotinvolvedinthereadingprocess,itiseasytobecomerestlessorfeelaneedtodosomething.Activitiessuchashighlighting,underlining,makingmarginalnotes,orwritingsummaryoutlinesprovideanoutletforphysicalenergyservingasusefulstudyaids.,PracticeofReadingTechniques,ActiveformakingpredictionsandconnectionsinreadingselectionA.,Findoutwhattheselectionisabout,whatthemostimportantmessageintendedbytheauthoris.,b)Identifythelogicalstructureofthearticle,i.e.howheorganizeshismainideasintosections.,2.Beforeplungingrightintothetext,howyouwillreadtheselectionanddotheexercisesoftheselectionorthetaskslistedabove.Forexample,youmaydecidetoreadselectionAatleasttwice.Thefirsttime,readitextensivelyfocusingmoreonansweringthecomprehensionquestions.Thenreaditintensivelyfocusingmoreonthelogicalstructure.Andsoon.,3.Writetheproceduresandallocatetimeforeachsteportask.,Now,startreading.(Whenyoufeelbored,sleepy,orconfused,notedownthetimeyouvebeenconcentrating,andcheckwhatyouhavedone.),Lesson5,ScienceandTechnology,ReadingSelectionA,CATALOGUE,Warm-upActivities,AbouttheAuthor,BackgroundInformation,LanguagePoints,Keys,text,Couldyoulistsomeoftheimportantscientificandtechnologicaladvancesinthe20thcentury?,2.Willalltheseadvancesbenefitus?Arewehappywiththeseadvances?,Warm-upActivities,AbouttheAuthor,JudithS.Baughman,whoworksinthedepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,haswrittentheF.ScottFitzgeraldvolumeintheGaleStudyGuidesseriesandhaseditedAmericanDecades:1920-1929.JudithS.BaughmanisalsotheauthorofLiteraryMasters:F.ScottFitzgerald.ShelivesinColumbia,SouthCarolina.,BackgroundInformation,AbouttheBook,Thisvolumecompletesthe20thcenturyfortheAmericanDecadesseries.Setupinthesamewayastheothernine,itfeaturessectionsonworldevents,arts,business,education,fashion,politics,law,lifestyles,media,medicine,religion,andscience.Eachsectionbeginswithachronologyofeventsandanoverviewofthedecadeandthenpresentstopicsandpeoplewhomadethenews.Aswithmanybriefsummarytools,thereisanoccasionalpenchanttointerpretforreaders.However,thisismostlyastraightforwardrecitationofevents,facts,anddates.A55-pagegeneralindexandanindexofphotographsconcludethevolume.Theblack-and-whitephotographsaregenerallysmall,butillustrative.,BackgroundInformation,AbouttheBook,EachvolumeofAmericanDecadesconcentratesonthesocialaspectsofaten-yearperiodinAmericanhistory,providinginsightintotimeperiodsthathavedefinedtheculturalidentityofentiregenerationsandhelpedshapethepoliticalandeconomicfabricofAmerica,LanguagePoints,1.drawtoaclose,cometoanend结束；告终（line1,para.1）,寒冷的冬季终于结束了。,Thecoldwinterhasfinallydrawntoaclose.,LanguagePoints,2.usherin,announce;signalthestartof;herald预报，预告的来临；开创（line5,para.1）,鸟鸣报晓。,Thesongofbirdsushersinthedawn.,会谈开创了国际合作的新纪元。,Thetalksusheredinaneweraofinternationalcooperation.,LanguagePoints,*atonesfingertips,tohand;available近在手边；随时可供应用，立即可以得到,他手头有自己所需要的所有信息。,Hehasalltheinformationheneedsathisfingertips.,你手头要备一些可供随时动用的现款。,Haveyourcashatyourfingertips!,LanguagePoints,4.*leavebehind,produce(sth)afterwards遗留（某物）（line9,para.1）,上届政府遗留下一大堆问题。,Thelastgovernmenthasleftbehindalongtrainofproblems.,*leavebehind,desert;abandon留下；把丢在后面；丢弃,这些细枝末节我留待你去解决了。,TheselittledetailsIleavebehindforyoutosettle.,你如果不想落在后面，就得仅仅跟随。,Youhadtofollowcloselyifyouwantedtoavoidbeingleftbehind.,LanguagePoints,男人们都跑掉了，只留下老年妇女和孩子。,Themenhadallrunaway,leavingonlyoldwomenandchildrenbehind.,*leavebehind,forgettotakesomeoneorsomethingwithyou遗忘,在回家的半路上，她才意识到自己把钱包落下了。,Itwasntuntilshewashalfwayhomethatsherealizedthatshedleftherpursebehind.,LanguagePoints,5.*plugin,connectapieceofequipmenttoanelectricitysupplyortoanotherpieceofequipment把（某设备）和（电源或其他设备）相连（line11,para.1）,你只须接通电源，一拧开关就行了。,Allyouhavetodoistopluginandswitchon.,*plugin,(ininformalAME)Ifyouplugintoagroupofpeopleortheirideasorplugin,youfindoutaboutthemandtrytounderstandthem;tunein（非正式美语）探究；设法了解,Youhavetobecarefulthatyoustaypluggedin.,我真正想做的事是探究人们的幻想。,WhatImreallytryingtodoistoplugintopeoplesfantasies.,人们一直在使政治家们了解公共关系的作用。,Politicianshavebeenkeptpluggedintothepublicrelationsoperation.,你得非常留心，必须保持消息灵通。,LanguagePoints,LanguagePoints,6.thereigning（line13,para.1）,a)current当前的,JohnMcEnroe,thereigningchampion,wasbeateninthefirstround.,冠军保持者约翰。麦肯罗在比赛第一个回合就被击败。,b)influential;prevailing起支配作用的；占统治地位的,她曾是当时第一美人。,Shewasreigningbeautyofherday.,LanguagePoints,7.*foolaround/about,behavefoolishly;wastetime不务正业；虚度光阴（line9,para.2）,Stopfoolingabout,wehavealotofseriousworktodo.,别浪费时间了，我们还有一大堆正事要做。,Markadmitsheusedtofoolaroundinclass.,*foolaroundwith,haveasexualrelationshipwithsomeonewhoisnotyourusualpartner鬼混,不要同有夫之妇乱搞。,Dontfoolaroundwithanothermanswife.,马克承认以前常在课堂上瞎混。,LanguagePoints,*foolaround/aboutwith,handleorusesomethinginastupidorcarelessway瞎弄；乱弄,Someonehadbeenfoolingaboutwiththecontrols.,不知道是谁在瞎摆弄控制器。,LanguagePoints,8.*hack,useacomputertoconnecttosomeoneelsescomputersecretlyandoftenillegally,sothatyoucanfindorchangeinformationonit非法侵入（他人的计算机系统）（line7,para.3）,Youngkidsarefindingtheycanhackthecomputersoflargecorporations.,孩子们发现他们能够侵入大公司的电脑系统。,secretlyfindawaytogetintotheinformationonsomeoneelsescomputersysteminordertouseorchangeit非法侵入（电脑系统）,他们侵入银行的电脑系统并转走了大量的现金。,Theyhackintobanksandtransferhugeamountsofcash.,*hackinto,LanguagePoints,9.stealvi,movesomewherequietlyandsecretly偷偷走到；悄悄移动（line9,para.3）,Wecouldstealuponher.,我们可以偷偷走近她身边。,Timestealsawayfromyouwhenyouarehavingfun.,他渐渐明白过来了。,Awarenessstoleoverhim.,当你在嬉戏玩乐时，时光就从你身边悄悄溜走。,LanguagePoints,10.*wreakhavoc,causedisruptionordestruction引起混乱或毁灭(line9,para.3),Hishardworkwreakshavocinhispersonallife.,他拼命工作破坏了他的私人生活。,Theyhavewroughtdreadfulhavocamongthewildlifebyshootingandtrapping.,洪水给该镇造成了巨大的破坏。,Floodshavewreakedhavoconthetown.,他们射杀和诱捕野生动物，造成了严重的破坏。,LanguagePoints,*cause/createhavoc,causealotofdamageorharm造成打破坏,Winterstormscontinuedtocausehavocfordrivers.,冬季的暴风雪不断给驾车者带来大灾难。,causealotofproblems;disrupt扰乱,最后几天的焦虑不安打乱了他的工作时间，扰乱了他的正常生活秩序。,Theanxietiesofthelastfewdayshadplayedhavocwithhisworkinghoursanddisruptedhisroutine,*playhavocwithsth,涉及到定义，政治当然给英语造成了紊乱。,Whenitcomestodefinitions,politicscertainlyplayshavocwiththeEnglishlanguage.,LanguagePoints,11.*lobbysbtodosth,trytoinfluencepoliticiansorpeopleinauthorityonaparticularsubject游说（政治家或掌权者）（line12,para.3）,Motoristslobbiedthegovernmenttotakeactiononpetrolprices.,汽车驾驶员们劝说政府采取行动控制油价。,trytopersuadepeopleinpower,toapprove(sthsuchasalaw)ortakeaction,我们的组织正在对掌权者进行游说，争取制定更强硬的法律来控制有害垃圾。,Ourorganizationislobbyingfortougherlawstocontroltoxicwaste.,*lobbyfor,LanguagePoints,*lobbythrough,reachorobtain(sthsuchasalaw)bypoliticalaction;getabillacceptedbyinfluence（通过政治行动）实现或获取（某物，如一相法令）；施加影响使议案通过,Inspiteofoppositionfromtheotherparties,thechangesinthelawhavebeenlobbiedthrough.,尽管其它党派反对，但法律的修改议案仍通过施加影响而获得通过。,LanguagePoints,12.inthenameofreligion/freedom/scienceetc,usingreligion,freedometcasthereasonwhysomethingisdone-usedespeciallywhenyoudisapproveofwhatsomeoneisdoing以为借口(line13,para.3),cruelexperimentsonanimalscarriedoutinthenameofscience,以科学为借口在动物身上进行的残酷实验,thethingspeopledointhenameoflove,人们以为借口做的各种事情,LanguagePoints,*insomebodysname/inthenameofsomebody,ifsomethingisinsomeonesname,itofficiallybelongstothemorisforthemtouse在的名下；在的名下,Thehouseisinmyhusbandsname.,这是我丈夫名下的房子。,TheroomwasreservedinthenameofPeters.,这房间是姓彼得斯的人定的。,这本书是以的名义借的。,Thebookischargedoutinyourname.,我以国王的名义逮捕你。,InthenameoftheKing,Iarrestyou.,b)formalassomeoneelsesofficialrepresentative以的名义，代表,LanguagePoints,13.receiveahearing/afairhearing,getanopportunitytogiveyouropinionorideasaboutaparticularsubject,especiallywhenotherpeopledisagreewithyou得到申辩（或发表意见）的机会；得到公众注意（或倾听）的机会(line17,para.3),Itwastheloudestvoicethatreceivedahearing.,嗓门最高的人才有发表意见的机会。,Weweregivenaveryfairhearing.,我们得到了非常公正的申诉机会。,她认为应该听取这个问题的各个方面。,Shebelievedingivingafairhearingtoallsidesofthequestion.,LanguagePoints,14.*spyon,watchsomeonesecretlysothatyouknoweverythingtheydo暗中监视；窥探(line18,para.3),Howmuchdidyoupaythemantospyonme?,你付那人多少钱来监视我？,Managersfeelitistheirdutytospyontheworkforce.,经理们认为暗中监视员工是他们的职责。,LanguagePoints,*spy/spyout,noticesomeoneorsomething发现；注意到,Ispyamistake.,我注意到一个错误。,TheboyspiedmeoutthetimeIgotoffthetrain.,我一下火车就给这个小男孩认出来了。,我准备去察看一下，找个合适的会面地点。,Imgoingtospyoutasuitableplacetomeet.,LanguagePoints,15.whatsomebodyshoulddowithsomething/whattodowithsomethingetc,usedtoaskortalkabouthowsomeoneshoulddealwithsomething用，利用；对待；处理(line4,para.4),Idontknowwhattodowiththisstrangeobject.,我不知道这怪东西有什么用？,Whatarewetodowiththisnaughtyboy?,我们怎样处置这个顽皮的男孩？,*whathassomebodydonewithsomething?,spokenusedtoaskwheresomeonehasputsomething放置,你把我的帽子放到哪儿去了？,Whathaveyoudonewithmyhat?,LanguagePoints,*whathassth(got)todowith?,usedforasking,ofteninanangryway,howtwopeopleorthingsareconnectedorwhysomeoneisinterestedinsomething（常用于生气地询问）某事与有什么关系,AsamatteroffactIdohaveaboyfriend,butwhatsthatgottodowithyou?,实际上我确实有男朋友，但那跟你有什么关系？,LanguagePoints,16.*workwith,strivetoinfluencebyappeals,etc.（通过呼吁等方式）努力影响；对起作用(line17,para.5),Flatterymayworkwithsomepeople,butitwillnotworkwithme.,奉承对一些人也许起作用，但对我却不起作用。,have(sb,usuallyagroup)astheobjectofoneswork做（某人或某些人）的工作,*workwith,她是教师，得跟孩子们打交道。,Sheisateacherandhastoworkwithchildren.,*workwith,use(sth)asanobjectortoolinonesworkorthinking（用某物）做；摆弄,这个小男孩总是喜欢摆弄电脑什么的。,Thelittleboyhasalwayslikedworkingwithacomputer.,Keys,.READINGCOMPREHENSION,1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B6.C7.B8.B9.D10.B,.VOCABULARY,A.1.D2.A3.A4.B5.B6.C7.C8.D9.A10.B,Bpromise6.malfunction7.toxic8.discriminated9.pit10.fanatics,.CLOZE,1.D2.A3.C4.C5.D6.B7.A8.C9.B10.D,Keys,.TRANSLATION,1二十世纪九十年代的技术进步似乎带来了一场其意义堪与两百年以前的工业革命相媲美的社会与经济方面的革命，它创造了一个崭新的社会，在这个社会里人们由技术相互连接，数字化的信息、商业以及通讯都在弹指一挥间。,2科技的新发展似乎向人们承诺提供从消除有毒废料到食品采买一系列问题的最终解决方案遗传工程师培养出了能够吞食工业残渣的微生物，麻省理工学院媒体实验室的研究人员设计出了能够觉察箱内牛奶告罄并可上网定购的电冰箱。,Keys,3.1997年克隆动物的成功表明了克隆人也已不成问题，人们担心人类可能会朝着一个由基因制造的人组成的“大胆的新世界”方向发展，（这已不再是单纯的理论问题了）。,4尽管大多数美国人赞成小孩不应接触这些内容，但试图规范个人网页和新闻组内容的努力还是同互联网应是公开、非集权的大众媒体的理念发生了冲突，在这种媒体中，即使最荒唐、最令人讨厌的东西也可以发表。,5但是一些批评人士提出质疑说，把花在太空上的钱用来资助地球上的新发现是不是更好呢？似乎地球上正进行着这么多有趣的新项目，太空研究不再那么必要了。,Keys,.ORALPRACTICEANDDISCUSSION,1.Whywasthenew“DigitalAge”notall-inclusive?,Becausesomepeoplecouldnotgetaccesstothesenewtechnologiesforvariedreasons.Forinstance,theelderly,whocantacceptallthechangestheDigitalAgehasbroughtabout,orwhocouldnotlearnhowtomanipulatethosesophisticateddigitalequipment,wouldprobablybeleftbehind.Inaddition,therestillexistsanunderprivilegedpopulation,whocouldnotaffordthenewtechnology.,Keys,2.ListthethreatsconfrontingAmericansprivacy.,First,thethreatscomefromtheexplosionoftheInternet.Americansareworriedthatsomemaliciousindividualwould,throughtheInternet,hackintoprotectedcomputersystemstogetgovernmentandmilitarysecrets,thesourcecodestoproprietarysoftware,otherssocialsecuritynumberetc.Computerviruscouldstealintopersonalco