GRE基础班阅读

,GRE基础班阅读,沈施铨,1,Retrospect,句子主干是？主语和宾语都是什么词性？连词后面是？,2,Retrospect,主线任务确定句子主干确定主语A确定谓语：不及物动词_；及物动词，_；系动词，_支线任务出现从句连词时根据_判断从句类型确定从句的_,3,下午的主要内容是,Thefootballplayerisawesome.TheyoungArgentinafootballplayerisawesome.TheyoungArgentinafootballplayerwhoisoftenmockedbecauseofhisheightisawesome.(whoisoftenmockedbecauseofhisheight)在theyoungArgentinafootballplayer后面形容这个名词,4,形容词性从句例句,Thoseofuswhomadeabetonthefootballteamweredisappointed.(whomadeabetonthefootballteam)在thoseofus后面形容这个名词Thoseofus(who)weredisappointed.,5,形容词性从句例句,2.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproduces=AAisnotanewgeneralization(thattranscendsestablishedlimits)在anewgeneralization后面形容这个名词Aisnotanewgeneralization(that).,6,形容词性从句例句,找出这句话中的形容词性从句，以及其形容的名词：Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument,sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged,whereasanargumentthatisconvincingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlyingassumptions.anargument(thatisconvincingonlyifitisprecise)theassumption(onwhichitisbased)anargument(thatisconvincingthoughimprecise),7,形容词性从句练习,找出下列句子的形容词性从句、从句形容的名词，以及句子主句：4.Theideaofanautonomousdisciplinewhichiscalled“philosophy”,whichsitsinjudgmentonsuchpursuitsastheologyandscienceturnsout,oncloseexamination,tobeofquiterecentorigin.,8,4.Theideaofanautonomousdisciplinewhichiscalled“philosophy”，whichsitsinjudgmentonsuchpursuitsastheologyandscienceturnsout,oncloseexamination,tobeofquiterecentorigin.Theideaofanautonomousdiscipline(whichiscalledphilosophy)在autonomousdiscipline后面形容这个名词(whichsitsinjudgmentonsuchpursuitsastheologyandscience)在autonomousdiscipline后面形容这个名词Theideaofanautonomousdiscipline(which)（which.）turnsouttobeofquiterecentorigin.,9,2.ThoseofuswhohopedthatKolbsnewlypublishedcompleteeditionofProustscorrespondencefor1909woulddocumenttheprocessingreaterdetailaredisappointed.Thoseofus=A(whohopedB)在thoseofus后面形容这个名词B=thatKolbsnewlypublishedcompleteeditionofProustscorrespondencefor1909woulddocumenttheprocessingreaterdetailThoseofus(whothat)aredisappointed.,10,6.Althoughthesemoleculesallowradiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topassthrough,theyabsorbsomeofthelonger-wavelength.AlthoughX,YThesemolecules=AAallowBtodosth.B=radiationatvisiblewavelengths(wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated)在visiblewavelengths后面形容这个名词AlthoughAallowB(where)topassthrough,Aabsorbsomeofthelonger-wavelength.,11,Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.(Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproduces)=AAisnotanewgeneralization(thattranscendsestablishedlimits)在anewgeneralization后面形容这个名词but平行结构Aisnotanewgeneralization,butratheranaestheticparticular.,12,3.Allthiswasunifiedbybeingsubjectedtothesamekindofreligiousscrutiny,whoseimpactvariedgreatlywhichisalmostnonexistentinsomefields,andwhichinothersoriginatesnovelinstitutions.AllthisAwasunifiedbyBB=beingsubjecttothesamekindofreligiousscrutiny(whoseimpactvariedgreatly)在religiousscrutiny后面形容这个名词(whichisalmostnonexistentinsomefields,andwhichinothersoriginatesnovelinstitutions)在whoseimpact后面形容这个名词,13,5.Islamiclawistheresultofanexamination,fromareligiousangle,oflegalsubjectmatterthatwasfarfromuniform,whichcomprisedasitdidthevariouscomponentsofthelawsofpre-IslamicArabiaandnumerouslegalelementswhichweretakenoverfromthenon-Arabpeoplesoftheconqueredterritories.Islamiclaw=AAistheresultofBB=anexaminationoflegalsubjectmatter(thatwasfarfromuniform)形容legalsubjectmatter(whichcomprisedasitdidthevariouscomponentsofthelawsofpre-IslamicArabiaandnumerouslegalelements)形容legalsubjectmatterwhichweretakenoverfromthenon-Arabpeoplesoftheconqueredterritories形容numerouslegalelementsAistheresultofB(that)(whichwhich).,14,形容词性从句真题,Specializedcellscalledheterocystsareproducedwhichlackchlorophyll(necessaryforphotosynthesis)butwhichcanfixnitrogenbyconvertingnitrogengasintoausableform.Specializedcellscalledheterocysts=AAareproduced(whichlackchlorophyllbutwhichcanfixnitrogenbyconvertingnitrogengasintoausableform)在specializedcells后面形容这个名词,15,Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowinginferencesaboutheterocysts?(A)Heterocystsdonotproduceoxygen.(B)Nitrogengasinactivatesheterocysts.(C)Chlorophyllincreasestheproductivityofheterocysts.(D)Heterocystscanproducenitrogen(E)Heterocystscanphotosynthesize.,16,3.Thispreferenceforexogamy,Gutmansuggests,mayhavederivedfromWestAfricanrulesthatgovernmarriage,which,thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother,allinvolvedsomekindofprohibitionagainstunionswithclosekin.Thispreferenceforexogamy=AAmayhavederivedfromBB=WestAfricanrules(thatgovernmarriage)形容rules(which，thoughX,Y)形容rulesX=theydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanotherY=allinvolvedsomekindofprohibitionagainstunionswithclosekin,17,Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueoftheWestAfricanrulesgoverningmarriagementionedinlinesEXCEPT:(A)Theruleswerederivedfromrulesgoverningfictivekinshiparrangements.(B)Therulesforbademarriagesbetweenclosekin.(C)TherulesarementionedinHerbertGutmansstudy.(D)TheruleswerenotuniforminallrespectsfromoneWestAfricantribetoanother.(E)Theruleshavebeenconsideredtobeapossiblesourceofslavesmarriagepreferences.,18,2.Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelite:thekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.(whostudiedpreindustrialEurope)形容historiansHistorians(who)begantoinvestigateBB=moreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percent(whocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelite)形容the2or3percent,19,2.Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelite:thekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.(whohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks)形容k,g,j,n,b,andlmHistorians(who)begantoinvestigateB(moreofXthanYwhowho).,20,Theauthorsuggeststhat,beforetheearly1950s,mosthistorianswhostudiedpreindustrialEuropedidwhichofthefollowing?(A)FailedtomakedistinctionsamongmembersofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.(B)InaccuratelyestimatedtheinfluenceofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.(C)ConfinedtheirworktoanarrowrangeofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulation.,21,Bonus：形容词性从句的“最简形式”,1.形容词性从句中的动词是非be动词，whichdosth.，则最简形式为doingsth：Thenewmethodwhichcontradictswiththeexistingsystemmustbeabandoned.=Thenewmethod,contradictingwiththeexistingsystem,mustbeabandoned.,22,Bonus：形容词性从句的“最简形式”,2.形容词性从句中的动词是be动词,which+be+adj/过去分词，则次简形式为being+adj/过去分词,最简形式为adj/过去分词：Theoldmethodwhichisinapplicableinnewsituationsmustbeabandoned.=Theoldmethod,beinginapplicableinnewsituations,mustbeabandoned.=Theoldmethod,inapplicableinnewsituations,mustbeabandoned.,23,Bonus：形容词性从句的“最简形式”,Theoldmethodwhichwasabandonedimmediatelyisquicklyforgotten.=Theoldmethodbeingabandonedimmediatelyisquicklyforgotten=Theoldmethodabandonedimmediatelyisquicklyforgotten,24,形容词性从句的“最简形式”练习,找出句子中从句简化后的adj/现在分词/过去分词，并还原成完整从句：Allthiswasunifiedbybeingsubjectedtothesamekindofreligiousscrutiny,whoseimpactvariedgreatly,beingalmostnonexistentinsomefields,andinothersoriginatingnovelinstitutions.(beingalmostnonexistentinsomefields)形容impact=(whichisalmostnonexistent)(inothersoriginatingnovelinstitutions)形容impact=(whichoriginatesnovelinstitutionsinothers),25,形容词性从句的“最简形式”练习,2.Theideaofanautonomousdisciplinecalled“philo