霍桑红字PPT演示课件

TheScarletLetter,byNathanielHawthorne,汉学院15级：杨冠宇马婧颐张雪雯,1,TheintroductionofNathanielHawthorne,2,NathanielHawthorneJuly4,1804May19,1864,3,BriefIntroduction,Bornin1804inthecityofSalem,Massachusetts（马萨诸塞州）.EnteredBowdoinCollegein1821andgraduatedin1825.Publishedhisfirstworkanonymously（不具名地）,anoveltitledFanshawe范肖in1828.HeworkedataCustomHouse（海关）andjoinedBrookFarm,atranscendentalistcommunity,beforemarringPeabodyin1842.PublishedTheScarletLetterin1850.DiedonMay19,1864.,4,MajorWorks主要作品,1828Fanshawe长篇小说范肖1837TheMinistersBlackVeil教长的黑纱1850TheScarletLetter长篇小说红字atreatmentoftheeffectsofsinonthehumanspirit.1851TheHouseofSevenGables有七个尖角阁的房子1852TheBlithedaleRomance福谷传奇1860TheMarbleFaun玉石雕像,5,HawthorneandAmericanPuritanism,Puritanswasthenamegiveninthe16thcenturytothemoreextremeProtestants（新教徒，基督教徒）withintheChurchofEnglandwhothoughttheEnglishReformation（英国宗教改革）hadnotgonefarenoughinreformingthedoctrinesandstructureofthechurch.TheywantedtopurifytheirnationalchurchbyeliminatingeveryshredofCatholicinfluence（加尔文教势力残余）.Inthe17thcenturymanyPuritansemigratedtotheNewWorld,wheretheysoughttofoundaholyCommonwealthinNewEngland.Puritanismremainedthedominantculturalforceinthatareaintothe19thcentury.HawthorneisinfluencedbyPuritanismdeeply.Heisnotapuritanhimself,buthewasgreatlyinfluencedbyhisPuritanancestorswhoplayedimportantroleinhislifeandworks,andwasdifferentfromhisancestors,hehadafeelingtosomeextentsofPuritanismasbeingintolerantandcruel.HeoftenexaminedandanalyzedsocialphenomenonintheviewofPuritanism,buthedetestedtherigidityofPuritanism.,6,Hawthorneandtranscendentalism,NathanielHawthornewasoneofthemostoutstandingromanticistsinthenineteenthcentury.Hiscreationwascloselyrelatedtothephilosophicalinhistimetranscendentalism.Ononehand,asdisplayedinsomeofhisworkstheideaofself-examination自省,self-reliance自恃,breakingthetheologicaldisciplineslikethetheoryofdestiny（命运）,andthewidelyusedtechniquesymbolismembodiedtosomeextenttotheconnotationoftranscendentalism;,7,LiteraryFeatures,NathanielHawthorneisanAmericannovelistandshortstorywriterinthe19thcentury.HisfictionworksareconsideredpartoftheRomanticmovementand,morespecificallydarkromanticism(黑色浪漫主义），themasterworkisTheScarletLetter.,8,Theintroductionofthescarletletter,9,Background,ThesettingofTheScarletLetterisBostoninthe1640s.Persecuted(迫害)inEngland,thepuritanscametoNorthAmericatoformtheirnewcommunities.LifeintheColonieswasharsh(严酷的),butwhichgavethePuritanstheopportunitytoformasocietybasedontheirreligiousideals.Puritanssoughtthefreedomtolivebytheirbeliefs.Theypaidattentiontoreason,rejectedfeeling,praisedidealandprohibiteddesire.Butwiththeirdevelopment,theynotonlypersecutedheresy,butalsoimprisonedthewomenwhosmiledonthestreet.TheScarletLetternarratedalovingtragedyunderthepuritancolonialrule.,10,Introduction,TheScarletLettertoldastoryofapuritanwomanHesterPrynnewhowaspunishedtowearascarletAwhichstoodforthecrimeofadultery.TheprettyyoungladytriedtosettledowninBostonwithheroldanduglyhusbandChillinggworth.Butthelatterdidnotappearforyears.Duringthistime,HestercommittedadulterywithalocalministerDimmesdale,andgavebirthtoagirlPearl.Facingtheterriblepunishment,Hesterrefusedtogiveherloversnameawaytoprotecthimandtriedherbesttoraiseherdaughter.ButDimmesdalestilllivedasauprightminister.Yearslater,thehusbandChillinggworthcametothetownandfoundoutthewholetruth,andheoperatedanhorrorrevengeonDimmesdale,withhidinghisowntruename.Yet,astheendofthestory,theministerdiedduetotheguiltanddisease,admittinghiscrimeofadultery.Hesterchangedthemeaningof“A”from“Adultery”to“Able”and“Angle”byherqualityandbehavior.,11,SymbolsofTheScarletLetter”A”,1.”A”firstlystandsforthecrimeAdultery.tothepuritansitisasymbolofjustpunishment.toHester,adeviceofunjusthumiliation.toDimmesdale,apiercingreminderofhisguilt.toChillingworth,aspurtothequestofrevengetoDimmesdale,abrightandmysteriouscuriosity.2.“A”variesitsmeaningasthedevelopmentofthestory.Adultery-AloneandAlienation-Able-AngelandAwardandAble.,12,Symbolofthecharacters,1.HesterPrynneexposedsin.(有形的红字)Hesterssinisrevealed.2.ArthurDimmesdaleconcealedsin（无形的红字）Hishumanityisbeenconstrainedbythepuritansociety.Hissinisnotadulterybutnothavingthecouragetoadmitthathehadadulterated.3.RogerChillingworthtruesin（红字的制造者）Heisamercilessavenger.Therealsinnerofmoralityinthisnovel.4.Pearlthehumansymbolofthesin（活的红字）ThehumansymbolofthesinoftheadulteryinthefactthatsheleadsHesterPrynneandArthurDimmesdaletoacceptandadmittotheirsin.Sheisalsothelivingsymbolofthescarletletter.Hawthorne:“TheScarletLetterinanotherform;thescarletletterendowedwithlife.”,13,“Shetookthebabyionherarm,and,withaburningblush,andyetahaughtysmile,andaglancethatwouldnotbeabashed,lookedaroundathertownspeopleandneighbors.”“于是，索性用一条胳膊架着孩子，她的面孔红的发烧，却露出高傲的微笑，用毫无愧色的目光环视着她的同镇居民和街坊邻里。”Inthissentence,theauthordescribedHestersbehaviorwhenshefacedthepunishmentofthepublic.ItisnotdifficultforustoseethatHawthorneappreciatedthewoman.Becauseheractionsaremarkedwithnaturaldignityandforceofcharacter.Eventhoughatthewhimofothers,heractionsaredescribedasappearingtobeofherownfreewill.Heappreciatedherbehaviorofresistingthepuritaninhumanemanagement.“一天下午，有些孩子正在那茅屋的近旁玩耍，他们忽然看见一个身穿灰袍的高个子女人走进了屋门。这些年来，屋门从来没有打开过，不知是那女人开了锁，还是那腐朽了的木头和铁叶在她手里散落了，或是她像影子一般穿过着重重障碍，反正她是进了屋。”Thissentenceisintheendofthenovel.HefinishedthenovelwiththereturningofHesterandherrealizingofhersinaboutadultery,whichshowedHawthornescontradictorythought.Althoughhewasopposedtotheinhumanemanagementofthepuritans,heisalwaysinfluencedbythenotionofthepuritansthatadulteryisasinwhichiscouldnotbeforgiven.,14,Theintroductionoftheplot,15,HesterPrynne,ArthurDimmesdale(minister),RogerChillingworth(doctor,scholar),husband,Pearl(daughter),CrimeAtonementRenascence,Sinstruggleextricate,Relationshipsbetweencharacters,16,Thestorystartsduringthesummerof1642,nearBoston,inaPuritanvillage.Ayoungwoman,namedHesterPrynne,hasbeenledfromthetownprisonwithherinfantdaughterinherarms,andonthebreastofhergownaragofscarletclothassumedtheshapeofaletter“AItistheuppercaseletterA.TheScarletLetterArepresentstheactofadulterythatshehascommittedanditistobeasymbolofhersinabadgeofshame.Onthisday,Hesterisledtothetownscaffoldandquestionedbythetownfathers,butsheagainrefusestoidentifyherchildsfather.,Thebeginning,17,Hestershusbandwhowasregardeddeadappearedamongtheonlookers.AndheisnowpracticingmedicineandcallinghimselfRogerChillingworth.Later,ChillingworthmedicatesHestersdaughterPearlandliveswithDimmesdaleashisprivatedoctorwhenDimmesdalespsychologicalpaindeepens.Actually,ChillingworthsuspectsthattheremaybeaconnectionbetweentheministerstormentsandHesterssecret,andhebegintotestDimmesdaletoseewhathecanlearn.AndlaterhefindsthatDimmesdaleisPearlsfather.,Theprocessofdevelopment,18,Severalyearspass.Hestersupportsherselfbyworkingasaseamstress(女裁缝师),andherdaughter,Pearl,growsintoawillful,impish(顽皮的)child,andissaidtobethescarletlettercometolifeasbothHestersloveandherpunishment.Theyliveinasmallcottageontheoutskirts（市郊）ofBoston.CommunityofficialsattempttotakePearlawayfromHester,butwiththehelpofArthurDimmesdale,themotheranddaughtermanagetostaytogether.Dimmesdale,however,suffersfrommysterioushearttrouble,seeminglycausedbypsychologicaldistress.,The,process,of,development,19,Onenight,whenPearlisaboutsevenyearsold,sheandhermotherarereturninghomefromavisittothedeathbedofJohnWinthropwhentheyencounterDimmesdaleatopthetownscaffold,tryingtopunishhimselfforhissins.HesterandPearljoinhim,andthethreelinkhands.AndlaterHesterandPearlcoincidewithDimmesdaleintheforestandHesterinformshimofthetrueidentityofChillingworth.Theydecidetotakeashiptofle