眼科名称中英对照

眼科名称中英对照一、眼的解剖眼的解剖Eye Anatomy 眼球eyeball前极 Anterior pole后极 Posterior pole赤道 Equator眼轴 Axis oculi,axis of eyeball视轴 Axis optica,optic(al) axis,visual axis眼球壁eyeball wall纤维膜=角膜 巩膜fibrous tunic of eyeball= cornea + sclera泪液膜tear film角膜cornea巩膜sclera角膜巩膜缘corneoscleral junction巩膜静脉窦（Schlemm管）（位于巩膜与角膜相交处深面）canal of Schlemm,sinus venosus sclera血管膜vascular tunic of eyeball葡萄膜即血管膜 虹膜睫状体 脉络膜uvea is the vascular tunic of eyeball, including iris, ciliary body and choroid虹膜iris瞳孔pupil瞳孔括约肌sphincter pupillae (circular fibers)瞳孔开大肌dilator pupillae (radial fibers)虹膜角膜角iridocorneal angle睫状体ciliary body睫状肌ciliary muscle睫状突ciliary process睫状环（睫状体扁平部）ciliary ring锯齿缘（睫状体扁平部与脉络膜连接处呈锯齿状）ora serrata脉络膜(含色素细胞和致密的毛细血管）choroid(contains pigmented cells and dense capillary plexus)布鲁克氏膜/玻璃膜（是脉络膜的最里层。因为其貌似玻璃，又称玻璃膜。布鲁克氏膜把脉络膜的血管与视网膜色素上皮细胞层分开。）Bruchs membrane/vitreous lamina（is the innermost layer of the choroid.It is also called the vitreous lamina, because of its glassy microscopic appearance.Bruchs membrane separates the blood vessels of the choroid from the RPE layer.）视网膜retina视网膜盲部，包括视网膜虹膜部和视网膜睫状体部pars caeca retinae视网膜虹膜部pars iridica retinae视网膜睫状体部pars ciliaris retinae视网膜视部pars optica retinae视网膜色素上皮层retinal pigment epithelium or RPE视网膜感光层photoreceptor layer视杆细胞retinal rod视锥细胞retinal cone双极细胞bipolar neurons神经节细胞,其轴突形成视神经ganglion cells, whose axons form optic nerve视神经optic(al) nerve黄斑macula lutea黄斑中心凹fovea centralis视盘/视乳头/盲点(由视神经纤维和视网膜中央动脉构成）optic disc/optic nerve head/ blind spot（consists of optic nerve fibers and central artery of retina)眼球内容物contents of eyeball眼房(被虹膜分隔）chamber of eye (divided by iris)前房anterior chamber后房posterior chamber房水aqueous humor房水的产生和循环production and circulation of aqueous humorciliary body-posterior chamber-via pupil-anterior chamber-via iridocorneal angle-sinus venosus sclera-anterior ciliary vein-ophthalmic vein晶状体crystalline lens晶体囊膜lens capsule晶体皮质lens cortex晶状体核lens nucleus带状纤维(睫状小带/晶体悬韧带）ciliary zonules/ suspensory ligament zonules玻璃体vitreous body眼的屈光介质refractive media of eye眼的血管Vessels of eye眼动脉Ophthalmic artery视网膜动脉和静脉retinal arteries and veins视网膜中央动脉central retinal artery视网膜鼻侧上小动脉Four branches: superior and inferior nasal or temporal arteriole of retina 视网膜鼻侧下小动脉视网膜颞侧上小动脉视网膜颞侧下小动脉眼静脉Ophthalmic vein 眼上静脉Superior ophthalmic vein 眼下静脉Inferior ophthalmic vein 视网膜中央静脉central retinal vein涡静脉vorticose vein眼附属器auxiliary/accessory eye organs眼睑,其层次为皮肤、皮下组织、肌层(眼轮匝肌）、睑板(内有睑板腺）、睑结膜eye lids,including skin,subcutaneous areola tissue,muscular layer (orbicularis oculi),tarsus(tarsal glands embedded),palpebral conjunctiva结膜conjunctiva睑结膜palpebral conjunctiva球结膜bulbar conjunctiva结膜穹隆:睑结膜与球结膜的移行处，分为结膜上穹和结膜下穹conjunctival fornix(superior and inferior):line of reflection of bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva结膜上穹superior fornix of conjunctiva结膜囊conjunctival sac泪器lacrimal apparatus泪腺,位于眶上壁外侧的泪腺窝内,有排泄管lacrimal gland,occupies fossa for lacrimal gland, has ducts泪道:包括泪点、泪小管（分上泪小管和下泪小管）、泪囊、鼻泪管。lacrimal passages, including lacrimal puncta, lacrimal ductules, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal ducttear is produced by lacrimal gland, passes through superior conjunctival fornix into conjunctival sac, then it is drained through lacrimal punctum, lacrimal ductule, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct into inferior nasal meatus.眼球外肌ocular muscles上睑提肌levator palpebrae superioris上直肌superior rectus muscle下直肌inferior rectus muscle内直肌medial rectus muscle外直肌Lateral retus muscle上斜肌Superior oblique muscle下斜肌inferior oblique muscle眼眶内的结缔组织connective tissue in the orbit眼眶（眶筋膜和眶脂体）orbit眼球筋膜鞘,从视神经到角巩膜缘，减少眼球运动时的摩擦bulbar sheath(Sheath of eyeball),a thin membrane, which surrounds the eyeball from optic nerve to corneoscleral junction, permits the eyeball to move in the orbit without friction眶脂体Adipose body of orbit: lies between sheath of eyeball and the orbit, acts as a protective cushion and shock absorber for the eyeball硬脑膜dura mater二、基本概念眼科医师，眼科专家Ophthalmologist /Oculist/eye doctor验光师optometrist眼镜商，眼镜制造者optician眼科学Ophthalmology 视觉失常ocular aberration双眼视觉binocular vision眼前节ocular anterior segment眼后节ocular posterior segment子午线meridian睫状沟到睫状沟sulcus to sulcus 角膜顶点Cornea apex 瞳孔扩张Pupil dilatation 瞳孔散大mydriasis左眼OS =Oculus sinister右眼OD= the right eye =oculus dexter无光感no light perception, no LP伪盲simulated blindness深度觉depth perception远处的平行光nearly parallel rays from distant object近处的发散光divergent rays from close object折射,屈光refraction屈光状态refractive status屈光度，折光度(以米为单位的焦距的倒数）Diopter a unit of measurement of the refractive power of a lens which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in meters; used by oculists屈光不正,非正视refractive error,ametropia波前像差/波阵面像差wavefront aberration近视眼高阶像差higher order aberrations of myopic eyes “像跳”现象Jack in the box调节accommodation正视眼normal(emmetropic) eye近视眼nearsighted(myopic)eye远视眼farsighted(hypermetropic)eye老视Presbyopia无晶体眼aphakia人工晶状体植入Intraocular lens implantment (IOL) 凹透镜concaves lens凸透镜convex lens眼压intraocular pressure, IOP双眼单视界horopter双眼单视界曲线horopter curve视野visual field中心视野central visual field周边视野peripheral visual field绝对视野absolute visual field相对视野relative visual field单眼视野monocular visual field双眼视野binocular visual field色视野color visual field形视野form visual field视野岛visual island等视线visual isopter面对面视野检查法confrontation method明视觉，亮视觉，白昼视觉Photopic vision暗视觉，微光视觉，夜视觉scotopic vision过渡视觉，黄昏黎明黎明视觉mesopic vision暗视觉和黄昏视觉noctovision适暗眼scotopic eye明适应light adaptation暗适应dark adaptation暗光Scotopic light过渡光Mesopic light亮光Fotopic light正常视野 normal visual field管状视野 tubular visual field螺旋状视野 spiral visual field视野缺损 defect of visual field视野缩小 constriction of visual field偏盲 hemianopsia颞侧偏盲 temporal hemianopsia鼻侧偏盲 nasal hemianopsia双颞侧偏盲 bitemporal hemianopsia双鼻侧偏盲 binasal hemianopsia同侧偏盲 homonymous hemianopsia异侧偏盲 heteronymous hemianopsia上偏盲 upper hemianopsia下偏盲 lower hemianopsia水平偏盲 horizontal hemianopsia象限盲 quadrantanopsia黄斑回避 sparing of macula暗点 scotoma生理盲点 physiological blind spot绝对暗点 absolute scotoma相对暗点 relative scotoma实性暗点 positive scotoma虚性暗点 negative scotoma中心暗点 central scotoma周围暗点 peripheral scotoma中心周围暗点 pericentral scotoma旁中心暗点 paracentral scotoma血管暗点 angioscotoma弧形暗点 arcuate scotoma环形暗点 ring scotoma生理盲点外露 baring of physiological blind spot赛德尔暗点 Seidel scotoma比耶鲁姆暗点 Bjerrum scotoma伦内鼻侧阶梯 R nne nasal step暗点计 scotometer暗点测定法 scotometry光觉 light sense光觉计 photoptometer光觉检查法 examination of light sense光觉测定法 photoptometry暗适应计 dark adaptometer科尔劳施屈曲 Kohlrausch bend夜盲计 nyctometer黄斑光应力试验 macular photostress test中央凹密度测定法 foveal densitometry色觉 color sense, color vision三色学说 trichromatic theory三、眼科疾病眼科疾病eye diseases远视（近视，散光）hyperopia(myopia, astigmatism)老视眼presbyopia先天（原发，继发）性青光眼congenital (primary, secondary) glaucoma闭角（医源）性青光眼closed-angle (iatrogenic) glaucoma老年黄斑变性Age-related macular degeneration,AMD先天（老年，外伤，糖尿病）性白内障congenital (senile, traumatic, diabetic) cataract斜视strabismus/squint内（外）斜视esotropia (exotropia)斜视纠正术：切割掉眼部某块肌肉或腱以纠正斜视的外科手术strabotomy：The surgical cutting of a muscle or tendon of the eye to correct strabismus.弱视amblyopia眼疲劳asthenopia睑腺炎，麦粒肿hordeolum睑板腺炎blepharadenitis (meibomianitis)睑板腺囊肿chalazion睑炎blepharitis眼睑阵挛（松弛）blepharoclonus (blepharochalasis)睑内（外）翻entropion (ectropion)睑麻痹blepharoplegia自发（面神经，习惯）性睑痉挛essential (facial, habitual) blepharospasm内眦赘皮epicanthus倒睫trichiasis睑粘连blepharosynechia球结膜水肿chemosis上睑下垂ptosis (blepharoptosis)泪管炎canaliculitis泪管狭窄dacryostenosis急（慢）性卡他性结膜炎acute (chronic) catarrhal conjunctivitis衣原体（流行性，淋病性）结膜炎chlamydia( epidemic, blennorrheal) conjunctivitis沙眼trachoma急（慢）性病毒性滤泡性结膜炎acute (chronic) viral follicular conjunctivitis翼状胬肉pterygium角膜溃疡（炎）corneal ulcer (keratitis)干燥综合征Sjogrens syndrome眼球干燥症/干眼病：由于缺乏维生素A而引起的严重的眼球干燥和结膜增厚xerophthalmia:Extreme dryness and thickening of the conjunctiva, often resulting from a deficiency of vitamin A.结（角）膜干燥xerosis of conjunctiva (corneal xerosis)角膜糜烂corneal erosion角膜环corneal annulus遗传性角膜营养不良hereditary corneal dystrophy角膜色素沉着corneal pigmentation血管翳pannus角膜白斑（云翳）corneal leukoma (nebula)前房积脓hypopyon角膜软化症keratomalacia虹膜（虹膜睫状体）炎iritis (iridocyclitis)虹膜粘连synechia脉络膜炎choroiditis葡萄膜炎uveitis散光astigmatism屈光参差anisometropia色觉障碍 dyschromatopsia色盲 achromatopsia, color blindness全色盲 achromatopsia, total color blindness蓝（绿，红绿）色盲blue (green, red-green)blindness红色盲 protanopsia绿色盲 deuteranopsia红绿色盲 anerythrochloropsia黄色盲 axanthopsia蓝色盲 tritanopsia黄蓝色盲 axanthocyanopsia紫色盲 anianthynopsy色弱 color weakness红色弱 protanomalia（全）葡萄膜炎uveitis (panuveitis)瞳孔闭锁seclusion of pupil晶体脱位lens dislocation (luxation of lens)晶体半脱位subluxation of lens玻璃体出血（外伤）vitreous hemorrhage (injury)玻璃体变性vitreous degeneration视网膜动（静）脉闭塞retinal artery (vein) occlusion糖尿病（高血压）性视网膜病diabetic (hypertensive) retinopathy视网膜水肿edema of the retina视网膜炎retinitis视网膜脉络膜炎retinochoroiditis视网膜视乳头炎retinopapililitis视网膜剥脱retinal detachment视网膜动脉硬化arteriosclerosis of retina黄斑（视网膜）变性degeneration of macula (retina)视网膜血管瘤retinal angioma视网膜梅毒（结核）syphilis (tuberculosis) of retina飞蚊症muscae volitantes生（病）理性眼球震颤physiologic (pathologic) nystagmus眼球凸出（凹陷）exophthalmos (enophthalmos) 视神经炎optic neuritis脱髓鞘病变demyelinating disease视神经脊髓炎neuromgelitis optica眼内异物intraocular foreign body擦（挫，贯穿，划）伤abrasion (contusion, penetrating injury, laceration)四、眼科设备综合验光仪Phoropter超声ultrasound scan眼压计tonometer非接触式眼压计noncontact tonometer，NCT视野计perimeter角膜内皮细胞计specular microscope (corneal endothelial cells)同视机synoptoscope 角膜测厚仪pachymeter角膜地形图仪corneal topographer超声乳化仪ultrasonic cataract emulsification instrument手术显微镜operation microscope血管造影术，血管照相术angiography角膜屈光矫