上外全新版大学英语综合教程讲义-book4-unit2

Unit 2“Future”, is a puzzling word for all the people in this world, including the scientists and the common. What will the world be like in five hundred years time? A thousand years time? Or more? Some people are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get wore because people may be slaves of the developed science and technology. Others are optimistic, looking forward to a better world and a happy life with the development of science and technology. In this Unit, we are given two texts about “smart cars”, a kind of intelligent products that bring so much convenience to people in the future. Then lets come to Unit2 and learn something about “smart cars” in about 7 classes. .Objectives in Unit 2:words and phrases: alert application capability convert correlate decrease(increase) drastically eliminate expansion prototype manufacturing in the air take control of get/be stuck in turn(sth.) into/become a reality appropriate implement outline permanent thereby at the start of by means of in cooperation with structure: double prepositions V. + it +adj. + to do “P.P” (present or past) is used as adjective to modify noun. learn some techniques in expository writing (definition, quote, a mixture of facts and opinions, etc.)4. writing: how to write a resume ( need explaining in detail)- for homework to introduce next unit. For the first period: (1st ,2nd class) have a revision of Unit 1 and come to Unit 2(words and phrases)Text A Smart CarsSOME QUESTIONS for group discussion: (30 minutes) What will the world be like in the future? (worse or better) What aspect do you think in the world will change most? Worse: destroyed by the people themselves, war, depend excessively on advanced science and technology to become lazy, indifferent, lack love between people and people, the Judge Day. Better: make good use of science and technology to improve the world, a world garden, a society like Communist Society, happy life, share Aspect: peoples life ,( way of thinking, custom) With the development of science and technology, what will happen to cars? What can be called “smart cars”? In the film “007”, a “smart car ” is described. It was a transportation for Bond and the name was “the vanish”. It was a car of “adopted camouflage. Tiny cameras on all sidesproject the image they see onto a light-emittingpolymer skin on the opposite side. For the casual eyes, its as good as invisible. Plus all the usual refinements, ejector seat” Would you like to drive a smart car? Why or why not?Likeconvenient, comfortable, a vehicle avoiding traffic accidents, safe, with many functions that we can imagineDo not likecan not enjoy the pleasure of driving a car, too complex Free writing : (Finish it in ten minutes) *You may begin with the sentences: A. If I could afford a car, I will buy one without hesitation because. B. Even if I could afford a car, I may not actually want to drive one because. *State your viewpoints to the other students in your group Background information (Introduction of Cars) : (10 minutes)The invention of cars The first self-propelled car was built by Nicolas Cugnot in 1769 which could attain speeds of up to 6 kms/hour. In 1771 he again designed another steam-driven engine which ran so fast that it rammed into a wall, recording the worlds first accident.Some famous brands of cars General Motors Ford Motor Company(Ford Lincoln Mercury Mazda Volvo Jaguar Land Rover Aston Martin)DaimlerChrysler （戴姆勒-克莱斯勒）(DaimlerChryslers passenger car brands include Maybach, Mercedes-Benz, Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge and smart. Commercial vehicle brands include Mercedes-Benz, Freightliner, Sterling, Western ,Star and Setra) Toyota (Toyota is a world famous brand of cars. The company is in Japan) Mercedes-Benz (This brand has stood for more than 100 years. It is a German company.)From the questions we discussed in the above, we can get a general impression on the future world and the smart cars in the future. Smart cars that can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and drive on their own all that sounds like a dream maybe become a reality with the help of computer revolution and with the appearance of smart cars, the modern science and technology will bring some effects on man in the future possibly. Thereby, lets look at the first text “Smart Cars”. TEXT ORGANIZATION: (15 minutes)Part one paras 13 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.Part two paras 49 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams. Smart cars are superior to the ordinary cars in many ways: (let the students find answers in this part) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act. They can eliminate most car accidents. They can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen. They can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby. They can alert the driver who feels drowsy. They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams. Part three paras 1013 GPS and “telematics” will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way. KEY POINTS in the text: (30 minutes)Part one questions: What are the effects of the computer revolution? It brings the development of automobile industry and theappearance of the smart cars become possible. language points: turn into/become a reality Her dreams of being a college student has turned into a reality. para1 phrase “remain unchanged” 保持一种状态 Keep warm remain untouched remain silent para2 rank as: putin a class 被列为 They all agree to rank Addison as a great essayist. as among (double preposition. Exercise 1 for structure) para3 key (to): sth. that provides an answer (to a problem or a mystery) General Motors Corporation 通用汽车公司 ITS program: 智能运输系统 Intelligent Transportation System program ITS improves transportation safety and mobility and enhances productivity through the use of advanced communications technologies.Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) encompass a broad range of wireless and wire line communications-based information and electronics technologies. When integrated into the transportation systems infrastructure, and in vehicles themselves, these technologies relieve congestion, improve safety and enhance American productivity.Homework: review the key points we have leaned in the part one. preview the following text, find the difficult sentences, try to memorize the words and expressions in the vocabulary.For the second period: (3rd ,4th class) Part twoquestions: In what aspects are the smart cars superior to the ordinary cars? (text organization 2) What new technology have already been adopted in developing the cars? We have had the cars that can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby; We have had the cars that can determine how sleepy you are as you drive; and in Japan cars with navigational capability have been built. language points: para4 dont bother to do: take trouble 麻烦 Dont bother to get dinner for me today; Ill eat at a restaurant in town. via (prep.) 通过 by way of in the air : uncertain My plan are still quite in the air. There is a peculiar smell in the air.Para 5 scan for Should you make a serious mistake, (subjunctive mood) If you should make a serious mistake,Para 6 MIT: 麻省理工学院Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of the worlds leading research universities, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1865, the school was opened in Boston by geologist William Barton Rogers who became its first president. Throughout its history MIT has held a worldwide reputation for teaching and reach. underestimated/overestimatedPara 7 question: what are the two of the most frustrating things about driving a car? And how to overcome it ? () tune to They make it possible to determine your locationV. + it +adj. + to doExercise 2 for structurePara 8 convert (to) change from one form or use to another (followed by into/to) The signal will be converted into digital code.Para 9 correlate have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or depends on another (followed by with/to) A mothers smoking in pregnancy correlates with low birth weight in her baby.Part three: questions: How to use GPS and “telematics” in automobile industry in the future? What are the benefits?Blind individuals could use GPSthe list of potential uses is endless; put the smart cars on smart high waysThis could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, as serving as an alternative to highway expansion. language points: be poised to do: (be ready to do) The automobile company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piecedouble preposition (exercise on page52) GPS:全球性定位系统 The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS.Homework: review the whole text, especially the key points. Learn to analysis and translate some long sentences if necessary. finish the exercises. For the third period: (5th class) Have a dictation and explain the rest exercises of text A, especially the words, phrases and translation, help the students memorize all the language points. Dictation: turn it into reality automobile industry manufacturing industry start up the engine alert the police get stuck in traffic a precise frequency decreasing air pollution highway expansion send put a radio signal application approximately eliminate lucrative convert _changed the world during the 20th century, _in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some_ as well, such as noise and air_, and highway_. It is reported that automobile accidents _among the leading causes of death or injury throughout the world. Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of _cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For example, by using the _-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can _the vehicles precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can _most cars accidents.(Automobiles, particularly, hazards, pollution, fatalities, rank, manufacturing, satellite, locate, eliminate)Explain the exercises together, especially vocabulary, structure, cloze . (6th class) come to text BText B Intelligent vehiclesObjectives:1. This text is used as a fast reading to practice students ability for reading comprehension.2. Try to grasp the new words and phrase listed in the box.3. learn to comprehend the sentences and translate them into Chinese. Step one: give students 15 minutes to read the text and at the same time finish the following questions (for first seven N, Y and NG, the next three brief answers)l We only eliminate the more that ten percent of the traffic crashes that are caused by human errors by driving the intelligent car. (N)l We can infer that the author believes that human drivers cannot travel close behind other vehicles. (Y)l The author mentions the Futurama as an example to explain a failed attempt at automation. (N) l Visual systems for observing the road are better than magnetic systems because they do not need special equipment buried in the road. (Y)l For observing other vehicles, laser systems are preferred in the USA. (NG)l Onboard computers are better than roadside computers for setting lane speed. (N)l The author attitude towards the future development of automatic transport system is positive. (Y)l The distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be measured by a _or a _. Radar, laser rangefinderl The _ of these driver muscle functions are electromechanical devices installed in the automated vehicle. Equivalents l The luxury of being chauffeured to your destination might be enjoyed by all, not just the_. Wealthiest individuals Step two: Text OrganizationPart one (12) the benefit to be gained from the intelligent vehicles eliminate the traffic crashes, reduce antisocial driving behavior, the entire population can enjoy it, reduce the pollution and fuel consumptionPart two (315) the way intelligent cars work and the remaining changes as to their application.1. it is a realistic prospect to have intelligent cars in the near future.2. it is possible to determine accurately a vehicles position and orientation relative to the lanes center.3. The distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be measured by a radar or a laser rangefinder. 4. the electromechanical devices control the car completely.5. Computers in the vehicles and those at the roadside decide when and where to change the course.6. There remains a number of difficulties to be overcome, technical ones especially. Part three (16) the promising future of intelligent cars.Homework：preview the text； read the text in detailFor the forth period:Step three: key points1. outline / deadline/ headline/ online/ underline2. implication n. implication for sb./sth. The new report has far-reaching implications for the future of broadcasting. 这一新报告对广播业的前途有些意味深长的暗示。 V. imply His silence implied agreement. 3. feasible: possible It is not feasible to follow your proposals.n. feasibilityWe should do a feasibility study before adopting the new proposals. 4. in cooperation with: This report is produced by the Government in cooperation with the chemical industry. V. cooperate adj. cooperative5. diverse: on different kinds, varied people from diverse culturesV. diversify diversify ones skillsn. diversity a wide diversity of opinions6. permanent: lasting/ everlasting/ durable/ enduring impermanent/ temporary 7.appropriate: adj. for/to sth. His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time. v. take sth. for ones own use, without others permission 挪用，窃用He was accused of appropriating club funds. 8. means: way, method All possible means have been tried. By means of lift the load by means of crane By all means yes, of course, certainly By no means not at all She is by no means poor.9. perceive: become aware of, notice, observe The patient was perceived to have difficulty in standing and walking. sth. as sth. I perceived his comment as a challenge. 我认为他的批评是对我的激励。Some sentences that needs paying attention: These are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurement, but they do not require special roadway installations, other than well-maintained lane markings. “be vulnerable to” 易受影响的， “other than ” 除了， He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 这类系统易受气候变化的影响，提供的信息将不够准确， 但它们不需要特别的道路设置，只需将路面标志维护好就行了。 However, it should not take long for the costs to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators, especially with many of the enabling technologies already being commercialized for volume production today. “it takes some time for sb. to do sth. ”句型affordable: sth. that can be able to afford 然而， 不用多久，其成本就能为广大车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向市场，开始了批量生产。 The largest impediment to introduction of electronic chauffeuring may turn out to be the general perception