Unit4-body-language--grammar-语法课件公开课课件(1).ppt

Discoveringusefulstructures,Unit4,Havinganoutingwithyournewschoolmatesinnexttwodaysisanotherrewardingoption.Besidesbroadeningyourhorizon,travelingcanbringyoulastingfriendship.Whetheryouarelyinginyourbedathomeorhangingoutwithnewfriendsatschool,thereisstillonetaskyoushouldbearinmind:reviewingandpreviewingofyourlessonsarenecessary.GrowingupinJiazhuangvillageofShandongprovince,JiaZuoshengfailedthenationalcollegeentranceexamtwice,beforegoingtostudyatavoluntaryschoolinQingdaoin2004.,Appreciation,V-ing作定语和状语,attribute,定语是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。,名,前,后,V-ing形式作定语有以下几种情况：,1、表示其动作是其所修饰的名词发出的，与所修饰的名词是主动关系。单个的V-ing形式作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；V-ing短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的后面。2、表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作。Theperformerentertainingthechildrenisafriendofmyfather.3、表示物体的用途。Itisabadhabittowastedrinkingwater.,1.Itsapleasuretowatchthefaceofa_baby.A.asleepB.sleepC.sleepingD.slept2.The_buildingsshowedusthatanearthquakewascoming.A.shakingB.shookC.shakenD.shake3.Thehotel_nowbesidetheparkwasdesignedbyagroupofyoungmen.A.tobebuiltB.beingbuiltC.builtD.building,C,A,B,状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。,adverbial,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:,主动形式被动形式V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed,一般式,完成式,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。,1、作时间状语,Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Havingfoundhercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.(=Aftershefoundhercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.),同时发生,先发生,在逻辑上，当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时用一般式（V-ing);在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用完成式(havingdone).,1._inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofSpring.TowalkB.HavingwalkedC.WalkedD.Walking2.Theoldman,_aboardfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked,D,D,2、作原因状语,Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.(=Because/Ashewasill,hedidntgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.)Notthinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(=AsIdidntthinkhemightbeathome,Icalledhim.),because,as,since,表示原因的动词-ing形式一般放于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定式直接在句首加not.,1._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(NMET92)NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2._histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.(1991上海)NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.Havingnotknown,C,A,现在分词作原因状语,分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。,作原因状语,3、作方式、伴随状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作必须是主语的一个动作，或是与谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生，或补充说明谓语的具体情况。,Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.(=Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingareaandtheylookedaroundcuriously.),动词-ing表伴随时，可以扩展成为一个并列句。,1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.whopreparesB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_hishandintothepocketofapassenger.(2004.北京）A.putB.tobeputC.toputD.putting,B,D,4、作结果状语,Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.(=Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,andleftthefamilyevenworseoff.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_.,makingitthemostpopularsong,5、作条件状语,Workingharder,youwillsucceed.(=Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.)动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。Walkingahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.Keepingontrying,youwillrealizeyourdream.,Keepontrying,andyouwillrealizeyourdream.,6、作让步状语,Beingyoung，thelittleboyknowsalotaboutcomputer.(=Thoughthelittleboyisyoung,heknowsalotaboutcomputer.)Beingcleverenough,youshouldaskmeformoreadvice.(=Althoughyouarecleverenough,youshouldaskmeformoreadvice.),though,although,Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.,7.独立主格结构,我们到达长春时是午夜。,_,itwasmidnight.,Wearrivinginchuangchun,分词作状语时，分词的逻辑助于必须与句子的主语保持一致。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自己的逻辑主语，这种结构成为独立主格结构。如：,独立成分作状语,有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：,generally/frankly/strictlyspeaking一般而言/坦率地说/严格地说judgingfrom/by根据来判断considering/takingintoconsideration考虑到；鉴于supposing/providing/providedthat如果comparedwith与相比,例如Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromthesouth.Consideringyourhealth,youdbetterhavearest.,练习：,1.Manystudents_around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.（07重庆）A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestanding2.There_nothingtotalkabout,everyoneintheroomremainedsilent.A.wasB.hadC.beingD.having,现在分词与过去分词区别,两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：（1）在时态上：现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。例如：（2）在语态上：现在分词表示主动；而过去分词表示被动。总之，现在分词表主动、进行；过去分词表被动、完成。在句法功能上它们都可以作定语和状语，它们的具体区别如下：,Chinaisadevelopingcountry,whileAmericaisadevelopedone.,1、作定语时,取决于分词与被修饰词的关系：主动关系或主谓关系用doing被动关系或动宾关系用done,Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.2.Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottomakesomuchnoise.3.Theylivedinaroomfacingthesouth.4.Ihatetoseeletterswritteninpencil.,被动关系,被动关系,主动关系,主动关系,练习,1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_fromthelibrary.（10全国1）toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing2.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_onhisownfarm.（09北京）grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow3.Thereisagreatdealofevidence_thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.（09浙江）A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating4.Withthegovernmentsaid,those_bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.（09上海）A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected,2.作状语时,1）.分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系，用doing被动关系，用done例如：Seenfromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.Seeingnobodyathome,heleft.,被动关系,主动关系,练习：,1.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.（10天津）causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause2_thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.（10上海）ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached3._atmyclassmatesfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.（10北京）A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked,4.(2005山东卷)Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching5.(2007浙江卷)_byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven,1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher._MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.,Rewritethefollowingsentences.,When,approaching,2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.Theperson_canspeaksevenlanguages.,translating,the,songs,3.Theboystandingthereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy_thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.,who,is,standing,4.Becau