精读4Unit11-最终版.ppt

zcj,Unit13,Soldiersheart,Aboutthetext,Warhasbeenoneofthemostfavoritesubjectsinartandliteratureaswellasinseriousacademicstudies.Inliterature,warhasbeendescribedasaconflictbetweenjusticeandevil;abattleofwitsandademonstrationofmilitarypowers,adisplayofnoblepatriotismandcourageaswellasarevelationofhumanwickedness,crueltyandstupidity.,Thetext,however,doesnotdealwithanyofthis.Itisafirst-personnarrationofthesecondWorldWarveteranabouthispersonalexperience,hisfeelingsandsufferingsduringthewarandthephysicalandpsychologicalscarsthewarlefthimwith.,Warmingup,DoyouknowanythingabouttheVeteransDayinAmerica?TheholidayiscelebratedonNovember11.At11:00,ceremoniesandspeechesareheldaboutthesoldierswhowereinthewar.,Anti-warVoices,Therewereandaremanybloodywarsintheworld.Languageitselfcannotdisplaythesorrow,griefanddisasterssufferedbypeopleofdifferentnations.IraqWarisusedonlyasanexampleinourhearingthevoicesfromtheworld:Peace,NoWar.,Birth:1923birthplace:Jamaicadmeik,WestIndiesFamilyandeducationbackground:-thesonofalawyerofScottishdescentandaRussianmother-emigratedtotheU.S.Awhenhewas17andwenttostudyatColumbiaUniversity-servedintheSecondWorldWaronactivedutyinFrance,Holland,BelgiumandGermanyandthencontinuedhisuniversitystudyWorkexperience:ateacheratColumbiaUniversityandthenattheuniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andtheStateUniversityofNewYorkatStonyBrook,2.1TheauthorLouisSimpson,1.TheArrivistes19492.GoodNewsofDeath.CharlesScribnersSons.19553.ADreamofGovernors:Poems.1959.4.AttheEndoftheOpenRoad,Poems.19635.SelectedPoems.19656.AdventuresoftheLetter.19717.ArmidaleTheBookBus.1979.8.CaviareattheFuneral.19809.TheBestHouroftheNight.TicknorGlassesbegintotinkle;TVsetsHavebeenturnedon.ThemoonisbrimminglikeaglassofbeerAbovethetown,AndlovekeepsherappointmentsHarryshere!Illberightdown.ButthepalestrangerinthefurnishedroomLiesonhisbackLookingatpaperroses,howtheybloom,Andceilingscrack.,当时用过了晚餐之后。香烟在草坪明灭着；玻璃杯开始丁丁作响；彩电也已经打开了。,月亮仿佛一杯啤酒满溢着在小城上晕开，有情人信守约会“哈里来了！”“我马上就下来。”,宿舍里却有斯人面色苍白仰卧于床榻上痴看纸叠的玫瑰，如何绽开，天花板蹦蹦响。,glossary,PartI(paras.1-3):IntroductionLifeofanAmericansoldierinFranceinJune1944PartII(para.424):BodyThesoldiersexperiencesafterthewarPartIII(para.25-27):ConclusionThewaranditsaftermathonthesoldier,Structureofthetext,Theauthortellspeoplewhyhekeepswritingabouthiswarexperiencesandhislifeafterthewar.Warsshouldberememberedbecausethepeoplewhohavesobravelybornethehardships,sufferingsandsacrificesofwarshouldberemembered.Thesecommonpeoplearepeoplewhodeserverespectandadmiration.,Theme,Itisafirst-personnarrationofWorldWarIIveteranabouthispersonalexperience,hisfeelingsandsufferingsduringthewarandthephysicalandpsychologicalscarsthewarlefthimwith,2.Mainidea,zcj,Detailedstudy,Part1(para.1-3),Discussion:1.Whydidtheauthorbegintheessaythewayhedid?Whatpurposediditserve?2.Whatisitaboutthewartheauthorparticipatedinthathefoundsodifficulttoforget?,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:(Paras.1-3),terminate,terminationterminatorterminativeterminalterminableterminability,n.终止；结束；终端n.终结者adj.结尾的；结束的n.终点站，总站；终端adj.终点的，末端的adj.有期限的，可终止的n.可终止性,Amatterof,Thingswillgetbetter:itsjustamatteroftime.Learningalanguageisnotjustamatterofmemorizingwords.WhenIleftthehouseIlockedthedoorasamatterofcourse.,Ifthesoundscontinue,themenwillbeseenscrapingthesurfaceoftheearthwithshovelsandburyingthemselvesinituntil,likeaspeciesofanimal,theyvanishfromsight.(Para.1)Obviouslythesoldiersarebeingbombarded.Ifthesoundofplanesdoesnotstop,thatis,iftheplanesdonotdroptheirbombs,themenwillbeseendiggingituntiltheydisappearintothefoxholes（散兵坑）.,Thereisabriefpurringsound,thenarhythmicdrumming.(Para2),Thisisdescriptionofthesoundoftheplanesdroppingbombsorgunsfiringshellsrhythmically.topurr:tomakealow,vibratingsoundtodrum:tomakeasoundlikethatofadrum,Shelter(n./v),Theyfoundshelterinacave.Wetookshelterfromtherainunderatree.Manypeopletrytosheltertheirchildrenfromtheoutsideworld.Thisnewhousingprogramwillpromisethatallinhabitantswillbesheltered.find/take/seekshelterfrom躲避，避免,Shelter通常指提供暂时的保护、免受伤害或攻击而被覆盖或包围的区域：Cover暗指提供庇护掩护之物，如灌木，夜色等Retreat主要用于某人为沉思、平静和独处退居的隐居场所：Sanctuary指神圣的或不可侵犯的避难场所：,Shelterretreatsanctuarycover,Acoldframeprovidesfortheseedlings.Thearmymountedtheinvasionunderofdarkness.Theircabininthewoodsservedasafromthepressuresofbusiness.Someofthepoliticalrefugeesfoundinamonastery.Key:shelter/cover/retreat/sanctuary,Intheolddays:infantry,cavalry骑兵andartillery炮兵Inmoderntimes:Army,airforce,navy,USmarines,Whydoestheauthorusethepresenttenseinthefirstthreeparagraphs?Toshowthevividnessofthememoryandshowhowherelivesthewareverynightinhisdreams.,DetailedAnalysis,PartII:(Paras.4-24),Mainidea:Thesoldiersexperiencesafterthewar,A.Hisdimmemoriesofuniversitydaysafterthewar(paras.4-5)B.Hishospitalization(paras.6-11)1.Hisillness:combatfatigue(paras.6-7)2.Hospitalmedicalstaffandguards(paras.8-9)3.Histreatment(paras10)4.Oneofhissymptoms:hearingvoices(paras11),Structure:,C.Hisexperiencesafterhospitalization(paras.12-19)1.Aftereffectsofhiswarexperiences(paras.12-13)2.Hisrejectionbytheuniversity(paras.14)3.Hisreturntotheuniversityaftertryingafewjobs(paras.15-16)4.Hisrecurrentdreamabouthiswarexperience(paras17-19)D.Hispurposeofwritingabouthisexperiences(paras.20-24)1.Hisfearthatpeoplewillforgetaboutthosewhodied(paras.20-23)2.Hishopethathisexperienceswillhelppeoplefacewarsinthefuture(para.24),Discussion:1.Wheredidtheauthorgowhenhewasdischargedformthearmy?2.Whydidtheauthorsaythatheonlyhadavaguerecollectionofwhathedidintheuniversity?3.Whydidpeoplesendhimtoahospital?Whatwasthenatureofhistrouble?4.Howdoestheauthordescribethehospitalhewassenttoandthedoctors,nursesandguardsworkinghere?,PartII:(Paras.4-24),discharge,Todischargeapatient/asoldier.atraindischargingcommuters通勤者.Todischargeapistol.Todischargethedefendant.Todischargeacourtorderdischargesb.fromanobligation撤销/射击/放出；腾空/释放；使退伍/宣判彻底无罪/开除,免除(义务),Onepersonhaditthat(Para5),tohaveitthat:tosaythatsth.istrueOnerumorhasitthattheprincesswastryingtoohardtogetridofthephotographers.Cf:Tohaveitinsb:(ofsb)tohaveaparticularability,skillorquality,e.g.Imsurethatshehasitinhertobeagreatteacher.Allsheneedsissomeexperience.,asaresultofbeingshotatandshelledformonthsonend?(Para7),tobeshotattobeshot:onend:(oftime)withoutabreak;continuously;successively;Therainwentonfordaysonend.在广袤的沙漠中你可以一连开数英里的车而看不到一个人。Inwidedesertyoucandriveformilesonendwithoutseeingasinglesoul.,tobeshotdead,shell,n.贝壳,壳,外形,炮弹vt.去壳,脱落,炮轰vi.剥落,脱壳theshellofawalnut（胡桃）atearshell（催泪弹）illuminatingshell照明弹ablindshell未爆炸的炮弹,aseasyasshellingpeas象剥豌豆一样容易;口非常容易casttheshell脱壳,蜕皮comeoutofonesshell不再羞怯沉默;开始参加谈笑go/retireintoonesshell害羞起来;沉默起来;不与人交谈;不友好intheshell(雏鸟)尚未孵出;在萌芽时期;在酝酿中stopashell中弹,挂彩;阵亡Yourescarcelyoutoftheshellyet.口你乳臭未干。shellout俚交(付)出(该付的钱);还帐,theyweresparedalongengagement.(Para.7),theywereluckythattheydidnothavetofightalongwar.(TheGulfWarstartedinJanuary1991andendedinFebruarythesameyear.)Tobespared：tobeallowednottoexperiencesth.difficultorunpleasantHewashappythathewassparedtheshameofhavingtoappearincourt.Ithinksheshouldbesparedthepainofseeinghersonstornbody.,PTSD（post-traumaticstressdisorder）创伤后应激障碍,延迟性应激反应是由应激性事件或处境引起的延迟性精神障碍，又称创伤后应激障碍。应激源往往具有异常惊恐或灾难性质，使病人产生深度忧伤或悲痛，精神症状出现前有一潜伏期，发病一般在受刺激数周至几个月。,反复重现创伤性体验，即应激性事件重演的生动体验；反复出现创伤性梦境或恶梦；与他人疏远，对周围环境缺少反应；快感缺乏；回避对既往创伤处境或活动的回忆，害怕和回避想起遭受创伤的心情也较常见，通常存在植物神经过度兴奋状态，表现为过度警觉，惊跳反应的增高和失眠，亦可出现焦虑和抑郁情绪等人格变化，少数病人会出现消极自杀的意念，病程波动大多能恢复，少数病程达数年之久。,passout昏倒，失去知觉；分发,Katepassedoutwhensheheardtheshockingnews.Icouldntbelievethefactthatastrongmanlikehimpassedoutwhenthecockroachcrawledalonghisbody.passaway(euph.)todiepassthroughTheycametosayhelloastheywerepassingthrough.路过，经过,契诃夫,安东帕夫洛维奇契诃夫（1860年1月29日1904年7月15日），俄国小说家、戏剧家、十九世纪末期俄国批判现实主义作家，俄国的世界级短篇小说巨匠，其剧作也对20世纪戏剧产生了很大的影响。1860年生于罗斯托夫省塔甘罗格市，1879年进入莫斯科医科大学医学系，1884年毕业后在兹威尼哥罗德等地行医，广泛接触平民和了解生活，这对他的文学创作有良好影响。他坚持现实主义传统，注重描写俄国人民的日常生活，塑造具有典型性格的小人物，借此忠实反映出当时俄国社会现况。代表有苦闷、变色龙、套中人等。1904年7月15日与世长辞。,WardNo.6,WardNo.6isashortstorywrittenbyChekhov.ItdescribesawardinatownhospitalinRussiaforpatientswhoaresufferingfrommentalillness.Itisagloomy,damp,stinkingandovercrowded.Thewardguardstreatedthepatientsasprisoners,beatingandabusingthemconstantly.,sly,adj.actingordoneinasecret,oftencunningway狡猾的suggestingthatoneknows会心/意的Itwasslyofyounottotellmethatyouvebeenmarried.当吉米进来的时候他向他的弟弟投去会意的一瞥。HecastaslyglanceathisbrotherwhenJimmycamein.,This,hegavemetounderstand,waswhyhehadbeenexcusedfrommilitaryservice.(Para9),Hemademebelievethatthis(thecuttingoffofhistriggerfinger)wasthereasonwhyhewasabletoescapebeingdraftedintothearmy.Aftergraduationhedecidedtojointheservices.Todayservicemenareequippedwithsophisticatedweapons.,togivesbtounderstand:(fml)tomakesbbelievethatsthwillhappenoristrue,e.g.Thedoctorgavemetounderstandthatmyfathersdayswerenumbered.toexcusesbfromsth:tofreesbfromsthTheguardwasobviouslyadraftdodger逃兵役者.Hehaduseddishonestmethods(cuttingoffhisfingerdeliberately)toavoidservinginthearmy.,Iwatchedasthecurrentpassedthroughandthebodyconvulsed.(Para10),Iwatchedastheflowofelectricityranthroughthebodyandthebodyshookviolently.,controversy,controversyabout/oversth.Theauthorsnewnovelarousedalotofcontroversy.Thepointincontroversyisnotwhetherweshoulddoit,butwhetherwecandoit.,controversialadj.controversialistn.controvertv.controvertibleadj.,有争议的辩论者，好争论的人争论，驳斥可争论/辩论的,irremediable,adj.impossibletoremedy,correctorrepairirremediableerrorsinjudgmentanirremediablelossanirremediablemistake,Speakingonlyformyself,IthinktheybroughtmeoutofthefoginwhichIhasbeenwalking.(Para.10),AsfarasImconcerned,Ithinktheshocktreatmentwaseffectiveandithelpedmetoregainmysensesandbecomenormal.thefog:(metaphor)astateofmentalconfusionorunawareness,tospeakforsb/sth:toexpressthethoughts,opinions,etc.ofsb/sth,e.g.别人想什么我不知道，我只是表达自己的观点。WhatothersthinkIdonotknow,Icanonlyspeakformyself.IbelieveImspeakingformanyotherspresentatthismeetingwhenIsaythatwewillneverforgetthethingsyouhavedoneforusinthepasttwoyears.,IbelievewithShakespearethattherearemorethingsinheavenandearththanaredreamedofinthephilosophyofthosewhoservetheworld,andwhoadministeritsinstitutions,andgrowrich.(Para.11)IagreewithwhatShakespearesays,i.e.therearemoreimportantthingsinheavenandintheworld,thingsthataremissinginthephilosophyoftherichandpowerful,thingsthatthesepeoplehaveneverdreamedof.,Iwouldkeepandpeeledforanenemyposition.(Para13),Iwouldbeonthealert,watchingcarefullyforanenemyposition.Althoughthewarwaslongover,hiswarhabitsstilltryingtospotanenemyposition.tokeepaneyepeeled/open/outfor:(infml)tolookorwatchcarefullyfor;tobeonthelookoutfor,haveaneye有.眼光;善于识别;能够欣赏haveaneyefor很能鉴赏,很能看出haveaneyeon注视,监视haveaneyeto顺便照看一下;重视haveaneyetothemainchance谋私利;唯利是图,haveaneye(on/for/to),Theyhadaneyethespy.Theoldmanhadaneyefineart.Thesecorruptofficialshadaneyethechance.Key:on;for;to,PhrasesandExpressions,heeyesofthelawcloseoneseyestosth.,鸟瞰报复；以眼还眼台风眼抛媚眼有眼力/光从法律的角度看对某事视而不见,Howarewegoingtogetacrossthat?,getacross通过；使.被理解,Getdowntobusiness;开始做正事，着手干正事getononesnerves令人不安；使人精神紧张；使某人生气；惹恼人,Myfatherisgetting.Hekeepsforgettingthings.Comeon.Letsgetitanddonewith.Hissalarywaslow.Buthemanagedtoget.HerFrenchwasverylimited.Shefounditdifficulttogetherideas.Key:on;over;by;across,toandfro来来回回rainorshine风雨无阻upanddown往返backandforth前前后后farandforth到处，远处farandnear远近dosanddonts注意事项soonerorless高低贵贱,Takeup,Letstakeupwhereweleftoff再次开始；重新开始.Theextradutiestookupmostofmytime用尽，耗掉或占用.takeupmountainclimbing喜欢，钟爱.Letstakeupeachproblemoneatatime处理.tookupafriendlyattitude摆出.cropstakingupnutrients吸收，吸附.tookupengineering开始从事（一项职业或行当）.,betakenupwith:tobeverybusydealingwithsborsth.Eg:Hewontcometotheparty;heiscompletelytakenupwithhishomework.Para:Youarenotgoingtobesobusywithyourmusic?(Nowyouintendtoworkforauniversitydegree.),ColumbiaUniversity,SchoolofGeneralstudies,哥大GS学院专门针对那些非传统教育背景的人而开设。使他们的在正常的学习轨道中经过一年或者更长时间的休整后，还能重新接受正规而传统的属于常青藤学子的教育。大多数GS的学生们，都曾因为主观或者客观的原因而打断了他们从前正规的教育，他们可能从来没有上过大学，或者只能参加兼职的工作。无论你是否因为个人原因请假，生育，旅行而导致你的学业中断，GS可以让你在美国最优秀的大学中重回正轨。事实上，也唯独只有在GS才能让非传统连续受教育的学生融入常春藤联盟大学的正规课程体系。,GS学生的平均年龄是29岁。与传统大学生相比，他们通常比传统大学生多了8-10年的人生体验。这意味着GS内部的学生不受种族性别的限制，充满了各种多样性与可能性。并且正因为人生阅历的丰富，他们用自己的成熟和更多的人生体验获得了巨大的学术成就。GS是一个随时欢迎那个毕业后的你选择继续教育继续进取的成熟的教育“大本营”,anticipate/expect/hope,expect意思是期待某事或某人可能的发生或出现：anticipate不仅仅是期望，有时它指提前采取行动，来阻止预料中某事的发生或在一项要求或愿望说出之前使它得到满足hope意思是热切期望并对获得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心,anticipate/expect/hope,Youcanexpectusforlunch.WeshouldnotexpectsomethingfornothingbutwealldoandcallitHope.“我们不应期待收获而不付出-相反我们应去做并称之为希望”（埃德加W何奥）Heanticipatedtheattackandlockedthegates.Hopeforthebest,butexpecttheworst.,Army军,division师,brigade旅,regiment团,battalion营,company连队,platoonpltun排,squad班,diminish,diminish:侧重大小、数量和重要性的不断减小，强调减小的部分。Hisillnessdiminishedhishealth.疾病侵蚀了他的健康。Asheturnedtheknob,thesounddiminished.他一转旋钮，声音就变小了。Helikestodiminishtheskillsofothers.他喜欢贬低别人的技能。,reduce，decrease,diminish,lessen,dwindle“减少，变少”,reduce:普通用词，含义广。指数量、程度的降低或减少。Heistryingtoreducethefamilysexpenses.他正尽力减少家庭开支。decrease:指逐渐地、不断地减少。Therehasbeenasteadydecreaseinpopulationinthiscity.这个城市的人口在持续下降。,lessen:普通用词，与decrease近义。指数目、程度、价值、实力等的减少。Agradationofacolormadebyaddingwhitetoittolessenitssaturation.淡色通过加白色使浓度变化而形成的一种颜色分级dwindle:与decrease同义，指逐渐减小，但强调变得越来越少终至全无。Thenumberofpeoplegoingtothecinemaseemstodwindlesteadily.看电影的人数似乎在逐渐下降。,Itwashellonearth,butthemenwhowentthroughit.athought.Hellontheearth:ametaphoricalexpressiontodescribeaplaceorexperiencethatisveryunpleasantPara:Althoughthesituationwasextremelyunpleasantandhardtobear,themenwhoweresufferingittriedtomakethemselvesfeelbetterwiththethought.,ThemenandwomenIworked.Theywerehollowandfilledwithwords.Bepaleincomparison:toseemsmallorunimportantcomparedtosb/sth.else.hollow:withoutsubstanceorcharacter;empty,shallow,andsuperficialPara:ComparedtothepeoplewithwhomIfoughtsidebysideduringthewar,thepeopleIworkedwithinuniversitieswerepaleandunreal.Theytalkedalot,buttheirwordswereemptyandmeaninglessbecausetheyhadnotexperiencedreallife.,Asifanylifewerecommon!asif:usedtosaythatsth.isdefinitelynottrue.Eg:Lethimgo.AsifIcare!Para:Itisridiculoustothinkthatanylifeiscommon.,atagoodpace,atasatisfactoryspeed;quitequicklyExample:新建筑建造速度很快。Theconstructionofthenewbuildingwasatagoodpace.“Pace”phrasesnextpage,quickonespace加速步伐atasnailspace极慢地keeppace(withsb./sth.)并驾齐驱；跟上速度setthepace固定速度（使他人跟从）paceup用步伐丈量,Theywerentstunningphysicalspecimenseither,thoughtheycould.agoodpace.Para:Andtheywerenotastonishinglystrongorattractiveeither,althoughtheycouldcarryheavythingsformilesataprettyfastspeed.,Holdsth./sbincontempt:tofeelcontemptforsth/sb.;todespise,bedeaf(to),beunwillingtohearorlistenBedeaftomusic:无动于衷，对牛弹琴Mywarexperiencegavemepoetryandmusic.Iwouldnevergettiredofwritingaboutit.Buttheyjustdidntcaretoknowwhathappenedinthewar.,Summary,ThemeTheauthortellspeoplewhyhekeepswritingabouthiswarexperiencesandhislifeafterthewar.Warsshouldberememberedbecausethepeoplewhohavesobravelybornethehardships,sufferingsandsac