Unit-4-Immigrants.ppt

Unit4,Immigrants,I.Lead-inmigrate,immigrate,emigrate:,migrate:movefromoneplacetogotoliveorworkinanotherThesebirdsmigratetoNorthAfricainwinter.,immigrate,im:intoimmigrate:toenteracountryinordertolivethereforever.aRussian-bornprofessorwhohadimmigratedtotheUnitedStates.,emigrate,e:ex-outoftoleaveonesowncountrytogoandliveinanotherIfyouemigrate,youleaveyourowncountrytoliveinanothercountry.,So,immigrantsare,someonewhoentersanothercountrytolivethereforever.,II.WordPretest,Now,letscometoWordPretestonpage.79.Youwillbegiven3minutes,tryyourbesttoguessthemeaningoftheitalicizedwordineachsentence.,4.oddsA.probabilityprobabilityorchance(thatacertainthingwillorwillnothappen)可能性;机会:Theoddsareinyourfavour(ieYouarelikelytosucceed)becauseyouhavemoreexperience.你经验丰富,成功的机会居多.*Theoddsareagainsthim,ieHesunlikelytosucceed.他可能失败.,6.dissented,disagreeddissentdisentn.异议v.持异议例句:Itistoolatetomakeanydissent.现在提出异议太晚了。Wedissentedfromthedecision.我们不同意这个决定。Theyexpressedtheirdissentfromofficialpolicy.他们对官方的政策表示出异议。,7.successive,happeningoneafteranothercomingorfollowingoneaftertheotherTheteamhashadfivesuccessivevictories.Successivegovernmentshavetriedtodealwiththisissue.,8.creed,C.belief1)asetofbeliefsorprinciplesMarxismhasneverbeenweakerasapoliticalcreed.areligiouscreedpeopleofallcoloursandcreeds2)theCreedaformalstatementofbeliefspokenincertainChristianchurches,“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.”TheDeclarationofIndependenceThisistheCreedoftheU.S.A,我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。,TheinsistenceofeachsuccessivewaveofimmigrantsuponitsrighttopracticeitsreligionhelpedmakefreedomofworshipacentralpartoftheAmericanCreed.FreedomofworshipwasmadeacoreoftheAmericanbeliefwiththehelpoftheinsistenceofmoreandmoreimmigrantsuponitsrighttopracticeitsreligion,III.Skimmingandscanning,Now,letscometotext1WhyTheyCameNowyouwillbegiven10minutes,tryyourbesttoreadtext1assoonaspossible,andthenfinishREADINGCOMPREHENSIONonpages62.,1.Earlyimmigrants_,C.hadtofaceuncertaintiesandobstacleswhentheymigratedtoastrangeland(para.1,line30)“thedecisiontoleavetheirhomesandbeginanadventurefilledwithuncertainty,riskandhardship-”,2.PeoplemigratedtoAmericaforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT_,B.breakingwithpastculturalinheritance(line35)“Yetitcanbesaidthatthreelargeforcesreligiouspersecution,politicaloppressionandeconomichardship-providedthechiefmotivesforthemassmigrationstoAmerica.”,3.ThepuritansoftheMassachusettsBayColonyserveasanexampleof,B.religiousintolerance（para3,line49）:ThePuritansoftheMassachusettsBayColonyshowedaslittletolerancefordissentionbeliefsastheAnglicansofEnglandhadshownthem,Backgroundinformation,Pilgrims:thePilgrimFathers(alsothePilgrims)namegiventotheEnglishPuritanswhowenttoAmericain1620andfoundedthecolonyofPlymouth,Massachusetts1620年到美洲创立麻省普里茅斯殖民地的英国清教徒.,Puritans清教徒,ThePuritanswereagroupofEnglishProtestantsinthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturieswholivedinaverystrictandreligiousway.,Quaker,MemberoftheSocietyofFriends,areligioussectthatworshipsChristwithoutanyformalceremonystatedcreedandisstronglyopposedtoviolenceandwar.(公谊会教徒、贵格会教徒、教友会教徒，基督教的教派，既无任何正是仪式又无固定教义，其信条为强烈反对暴力与战争),Mormon,MemberofareligiousgroupfoundedintheUSAin1830,officiallycalled“theChurchofJesusChristofLatter-daySaints”.(摩门教徒，1830年创立于美国的宗教，正是名称为“耶稣基督后期圣徒教会),Shakers,MembersofaChristianreligiousgroupintheUSwhichnowhasveryfewmembers.Shakerslivesimplelives,freeofmanymaterialpossessions,anddonothavesexualrelations(震颤派教徒,美国一个成员极少的基督教团体，生活俭朴且禁欲),Anglican,Anglican/glkn;lkn/n,adj(member)oftheChurchofEnglandorofanotherChurchwiththesamebeliefsandformsofworship英国国教的，英国国教徒Anglicanismgliknizm英国国教,4.Thediversityofreligiousbeliefhasresultedin_,C.religioustoleration(line55)Butthediversityofreligiousbeliefhasmadeforreligioustoleration,5.SlaveswereimportedfromAfricaforthe_reason.,B.Economic,6.TheIrishpotatofamineof1845brought_peopletoAmerica.,C.almostamillion(line87)TheIrishpotatofamineof1845broughtalmostamillionpeopletoAmericainfiveyears.,7.InwhatwaydidimmigrantsseekingeconomicfreedomcontributetothestrengthoftheU.S.economy?,D.Allofthese(line95,)Theimmigrantswhocameforeconomicreasonscontributedtothestrengthofthenewsocietyinseveralways.Andwewillfindtheanswersinthefollowingsentences.,8.Thetextendswiththesentence“TakentogetherAmerica”.Here“they”refersto_,B.motives（Lastsentence）Themotivesofsomeimmigrantswerecommonplace.Themotivesofotherswerenoble.TakentogethertheyadduptothestrengthsandweaknessesofAmerica.,Carefulreading,1.StructureofthetextPartI:(Para.1-3)Theauthorputsforwardhisideaclearlyandbrieflythatthreelargeforcesreligiouspersecution,politicaloppressionandeconomichardshipprovidethechiefmotivesforthemassimmigrationtotheU.S.A.,PartII(Paras.4-10)MoredetailsandproofsareprovidedtodiscussthethreemajorforcesofimmigrationtotheU.S.A.respectivelyandspecifically,PartIII.(Para.11-12)SummaryofthetextDifferentmotivesofimmigrationtotheU.S.A.adduptothestrengthsandweaknessesofAmerica.,2.Questionsforcarefulreading,1)Fromthispassage,whatisthemostdifficultdecisionforapersontomake?Tosayfarewelltoacommunitywhereithadlivedforcenturies,toabandonoldtiesandfamiliarlandmarks,andtosailacrossdarkseastoastrangeland.(Para.1,line3),2)Whatarethedifficultiestheymayconfrontwithduringthetravel?Winds,tides,primitivenavigation,unskilledseamanshipandthewhimofthecaptain.,3).Howdoyouunderstandthesentenceinline33,“TherewereprobablyasmanyreasonsforcomingtoAmericaastherewerepeoplewhocame.”TherearemanydifferentexactreasonsforcomingtoAmerica,because“itwasahighlyindividualdecision.”,4).Whatcanyougetfromsuchsentence“ThePuritansoftheMassachusettsBayColonyshowedaslittletolerancefordissentionbeliefsastheAnglicansofEnglandhadshownthem”？ThePuritansoftheMassachusettsBayColonydidnttreatotherbeliefsfairlyjustastheAnglicanstreatedtheminthepast.,5)Trytofindoutthewordsrelatedwithfreedomofworship.Andguessthemeaningofworshiphere.(fromline40-54),6)Findoutthewordsrelatedwithpoliticaloppression.(fromline62-71),7)CouldyoutellusthedifferenteconomicreasonsfordifferentimmigrantstotheU.S.A.?,Dreamsofamassinggreatwealth,Contract,Underthecontrolofslavetraderswithoutanyfreedom,ChaoticeconomicconditionsandindustrializationinUS,SpanishinMexicoandPeru,Indenturedservants,Slaves,CheaplaborfromEurope,8)whatdidtheimmigrantsdotocontributetothesocialmobility?Theimmigrantswhocameforeconomicreasonsbroughtwiththemfaithininstitutionsandtechnicalandmanagerialskills.,9)Asforthecircumstancesinlife,WhatsthemaindifferencebetweenthecommunityimmigrantshadleftandtheNewWorld?Therewerenosuchcircumstancesasfamilyhelporsupportinthenewworld.Immigrantshadtorelyontheirownabilitiestoachievethedreamofabetterlife.(Para.10),Backgroundinformation,ThistextisbasedonANationofImmigrants,writtenbyJohnF.Kennedy.ThebookwasoriginallywrittenbyKennedyin1958,whilehewasstillasenator.ItwaswrittenaspartoftheAnti-DefamationLeagues反诽谤联盟seriesentitledtheOneNationLibrary.Subsequently,aftergainingthepresidency,hecalledonCongresstoundertakeafullreevaluationofimmigrationlaw;andhebegantorevisethebookforfurtherpublication.,JohnF.Kennedy,(May29,1917November22,1963),oftenreferredtobyhisinitialsJFK,wasthe35thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,servingfrom1961untilhisassassinationin1963.,.Idioms,findmiddleground:takeapositionbetweentwooppositeopinionsinanargument,orbetweentwodescriptions变通，妥协1.Lynniswillingtofindmiddleground.Shefeelsthatifpeopledonotgivealittleontheirposition,nothingwillevergetdone.Shedoesnotthinkpeopleshouldbesostubbonthattheyrefusetochangetheirmind.,allornothing:relatestodoingsomethingeithercompletelyornotatall:非全有即全无的;孤注一掷的2.WithMikeitisallornothing.Ifhecannothaveeverythinghewantsinthewaythathewantsit,hewouldrathernothaveitarall.,meetsomeonehalfwaytodosomeofthethingsthatsomeonewantsyoutodo,inordertoshowthatyouwanttoreachanagreementorimproveyourrelationshipwiththem妥协3.Florencelikestomeetpeoplehalfway.Shefeelsitisimporatanttomakedecisionsthateverybodycanaccept.Shewillgiveuppartofwhatshewantsforthesakeofreachinganagreement.,Sticktoonesguns(infml口)refusetochangeonesopinions,actions,etcinspiteofcriticism尽管受到抨击,仍不改变言行等;坚持立场4.Ellenstickstoherguns.Shewillnotlistentopeoplewhosaysheiswrong.Nomatterhowmuchotherstrytogethertoseetheirpointofview,onceshehasformedanopinion,sheholdsonit.,middle-of-the-road中庸的，走中间路线的5.Allanisamiddle-of-the-ro