自考《英语一》00012讲义-Unit-02-(含课文、生词表、课后练习及答案)

Unit 2 A Path to FollowA FAMOUS QUOTEWhen one door of happiness closes, another opens. Helen Adams Keller 一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇便会开启。 海伦亚当斯凯勒 Helen Adams Keller （1880-1968）, US author, political activist and educator. Though blind and deaf from an early age, she learned to read, write, and communicate with sign language, and travelled the world over, crusading for improvement in the education and life of the physically disabled.海伦亚当斯凯勒是美国的作家、政治活动家和教育家。虽然她自幼失明又失聪，但是她学会了读和写，并且用手语与人交流，旅行足迹遍及全世界，一生致力于改善残障人的生活和教育事业。Speaking ActivityShowing GratitudeSample DialogueRead the following conversation. Pay attention to how the speakers show gratitude and respond to each other. Mr. Wang: Mr. Wilson, since youre leaving for home tomorrow, would you accept this little present as a souvenir from China? Mr. Wilson: OhThank you very much but you really shouldnt haveMr. Wang: Its a mere trifle. I hope youll like it.Mr. Wilson: Its exactly what Ive been wanting for a long time. I shall always remember China and the happy days Ive spent with my Chinese friends here.Mr. Wang: I hope youll come and see us again next year. Mr. Wilson: Well, Mr. Wang, I should certainly like to do that.Mr. Wang: Its a date then.Mr. Wilson: Mr. Wang, I think its time for me to leave now. Thank you again for the trouble youve taken to make my visit a success.Mr. Wang: Im only too glad to have been of help to you.Mr. Wilson: Goodbye. Mr. Wang: Goodbye. Guided PracticeDirections: Express thanks to a friend who helped you. Use your own information. You may use the following tips to help you.Thank you very much but you really shouldnt haveI shall always rememberI hopeThank you again for the trouble youve taken toIm only too glad to have been of help to you.Text ACracked or Perfect: We Can Make a Difference!New Wordscracked adj. damaged with lines on its surface but not completely broken 破裂的，有裂纹的bearer n.a person whose job is to carry something 挑夫pot n. a container of various kinds, made for a particular purpose 罐，容器pole n. a long thin straight piece of wood or metal, used especially for supporting things 杆子crack n. a line on the surface of something where it has broken but not split into separate parts 裂纹；裂缝 deliver v. to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to 递送；传送portion n. one part of something larger 部分stream n. a small narrow river 小河；溪master n. a man who has people working for him, often as servants in his home （男）主人accomplishment n. an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work 成就；成绩imperfection n. a fault for weakness in somebody/ something 缺点；瑕疵miserable adj. very unhappy or uncomfortable 痛苦的；非常难受的 perceive v. to understand or think of somebody/ something in particular way 理解为；将视为；认为bitter adj. making you feel very unhappy; caused by great unhappiness 令人不快的；使人悲痛的apologize v. to say that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problem 道歉；谢罪load n. the total amount of something that something can carry or contain 装载量；容纳量 flaw n. a mistake in something that means that it is not correct or does not work correctly 错误；缺点compassion n. a strong feeling of sympathy for people who are suffering and a desire to help 同情；怜悯trail n. a path through the countryside （乡间的）小路，小径reply v. to say or write something as an answer to somebody/something 回答；答复decorate v. to make something look more attractive by putting things on it 装饰；装潢grace v. to make something more attractive; to decorate something 为增色；为锦上添花；装饰moral n. a practical lesson that a story, an event or an experience teaches you 寓意；教益being n. existence 存在 Phrases and Expressionsbe ashamed of to feel shame or embarrassment about somebody/something or because of something you have done 为感到惭愧leak out to allow liquid to get out through a small hole or crack 渗漏；泄露feel sorry for to feel pity or sympathy for somebody 怜悯；同情take notice of to pay attention to somebody/ something or know about something 注意cheerup to become more cheerful; to make somebody/something more cheerful 振奋起来；使变得更高兴take advantage of to make use of something well; to make use of an opportunity 利用 Proper NamesIndia 印度（南亚国家）Text APre-reading Questions1. Do you ever feel ashamed? 你曾经感到过羞愧吗？2. What suggestions have you got from your teachers or anybody else about how to gain confidence?关于如何增强自信，你从老师或者其他人那里得到过什么建议？Cracked or Perfect: We Can Make a Difference!A water bearer in India had two large pots. Each hung on each end of a pole which he carried across his neck. One of the pots had a crack in it, while the other pot was perfect and always delivered a full portion of water at the end of the long walk from the stream to the masters house. The cracked pot arrived only half full. For fully two years this went on every day, with the bearer delivering only one and a half pots full of water to his masters house.Of course, the perfect pot was proud of its accomplishments, while the poor cracked pot was ashamed of its imperfection and miserable that it was able to accomplish only half of what it had been made to do. After two years of what it perceived to be a bitter failure, it spoke to the water bearer one day by the stream.I am ashamed of myself, and want to apologize to you.Why? asked the bearer, What are you ashamed of?For these past two years I have been able to deliver only half my load because this crack in my side causes water to leak out all the way back to your masters house. Because of my flaws, you dont get full value from your efforts, the pot said.The water bearer felt sorry for the old cracked pot, and out of compassion he said, As we return to the masters house, I want you to notice the beautiful flowers along the path.And so as they went up the hill, the old cracked pot took notice of the sun warming the beautiful wild flowers on the side of the path, and this cheered it up. But at the end of the trail, it still felt bad because half its load had leaked out, and so again he expressed his feelings to the water bearer.The water bearer replied by saying, Did you notice that there were flowers only on your side of the path, and not on the other pots side? Thats because I have always known about your flaw, and I took advantage of it. I planted seeds on your side of the path and every day,while weve been walking back from the stream, youve watered them. For two years Ive been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate my masters table. Without you being just the way you are, he would not have such beauty to grace his house.The moral of this story is that we all have our faults, but we all have a path to follow and that path we take must have a reason to our being. Key Sentences1. Each hung on each end of a pole which he carried across his neck.每一个水罐挂在扁担的一端，他将扁担担在肩上。 2. One of the pots had a crack in it, while the other pot was perfect and always delivered a full portion of water at the end of the long walk from the stream to the masters house.其中一个水罐上边有一条裂缝，而另一个是完好的。从小溪到主人家的路很长，完好无损的水罐带回满满的一罐水。3. the perfect pot was proud of its accomplishments, while the poor cracked pot was ashamed of its imperfection and miserable that it was able to accomplish only half of what it had been made to do.完好的罐子对自己的成就很自豪，然而破陶罐因为自己的瑕疵感到很羞愧，为只能完成一半的工作而痛苦不堪。4. For these past two years I have been able to deliver only half my load because this crack in my side causes water to leak out all the way back to your masters house.过去的两年以来，由于我这边的裂纹一路漏水，只能带半罐子水回到主人家。5. And so as they went up the hill, the old cracked pot took notice of the sun warming the beautiful wild flowers on the side of the path, and this cheered it up. 于是当他们上山时，旧水罐注意到温暖的阳光照耀着路一旁美丽的野花，这使得它振奋起来。 6. Thats because I have always known about your flaw, and I took advantage of it.这是因为我已经注意到了你漏水这个缺点，并且我利用了它。7. I planted seeds on your side of the path and every day, while weve been walking back from the stream, youve watered them.我在你的这一侧种了些花籽，每天我们从小溪回来时你都给花浇水。 8. The moral of this story is that we all have our faults, but we all have a path to follow and that path we take must have a reason to our being.这个故事的寓意是：我们每个人都有缺点，但我们都有自己要走的路，而这条路一定可以说明我们存在的意义。Exercises . Checking Your Comprehension Directions: Choose the best answer to each question from the information given in the passage.1. The story tells us that we should_.A） be ashamed of our faultsB） not laugh at others faultsC） face our faults and turn them to our advantageD） not compare our faults with others merits 答疑编号1：针对该题提问【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题考查课文中故事的寓意。课文最后一段阐述了故事的寓意，即我们每个人都有缺点，但我们都有自己要走的路，而这条路一定可以说明我们存在的意义。答案为C。2. The perfect pot_.A） was embarrassed for the cracked potB） felt sympathetic towards the cracked potC） felt sympathetic towards the bearerD） took pride in its achievement答疑编号2：针对该题提问【正确答案】D【答案解析】课文第二段第一句提到，那个完美的罐子对自己的成就非常自豪，D项中take pride in与文中 be proud of 是同义关系，以为傲。答案为D。3. When the cracked pot apologized, the water bearer_.A） had pity on itB） burst out in angerC） expressed great concernD） seemed somewhat indifferent答疑编号3：针对该题提问【正确答案】A【答案解析】课文第七段第一句提到，the water bearer felt sorry for the old cracked pot，即挑水工对旧罐子感到同情。feel sorry for与have pity on是同义短语，同情。答案为A。4. The water bearer showed the cracked pot the flowers on the way to_.A） discourage the perfect potB） draw attention to its meritC） praise the beauty of natureD） point out the imperfection of the flowers答疑编号4：针对该题提问【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题考查挑水工让破罐子注意路边花的原因。根据课文第九段的大意可知，挑水工告诉破罐子他的功劳。因为它漏掉的水浇灌了路边的花，所以挑水工能够采花回去装饰主人的桌子。答案为B。5. The water bearer picked up the flowers to decorate_.A） the perfect potB） the masters houseC） the cracked potD） his own house答疑编号5：针对该题提问【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题是对课文细节的考查，即挑夫采摘的花是用来装饰什么的。课文第九段倒数第二句提到，挑水工能够采摘到这些鲜花来decorate the masters table., to grace his house。答案为B。 Building Your VocabularySection ADirections: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brackets.1. One_ of living in the town is the lack of safe places for children to play. （advantage, disadvantage）答疑编号6：针对该题提问【正确答案】disadvantage【答案解析】句意：住在城市中的一个不利之处就是缺少让孩子玩耍的安全地方。根据后面的句意可知缺少让孩子玩耍的安全地方是一项缺点。advantage 优势；disadvantage 缺点。答案为disadvantage。2. All mail _ were officially stopped for a short time during the strike. （deliver, deliveries）答疑编号7：针对该题提问【正确答案】deliveries【答案解析】句意：在罢工期间，邮递被官方临时禁止了。空格中填入的词与前面的mail一起在句子中作主语，因此应该填入一个名词形式的词。mail delivery 邮递，是固定搭配。答案为deliveries。3. The students _ the task in less than ten minutes. （accomplished, accomplishment）答疑编号8：针对该题提问【正确答案】accomplished【答案解析】句意：学生们不到十分钟就完成这项任务了。空格中的词在句子中作谓语动词，因此应该填入动词accomplish完成。答案为accomplished。4. This effect was_ understood by designers at that time. （imperfect, imperfectly）答疑编号9：针对该题提问【正确答案】imperfectly【答案解析】句意：那时候设计师们没有完全理解这个效果。空格中的词在句子中作状语修饰后面的动词understand，因此应该填入副词imperfectly 不完美地。答案为imperfectly。5. She manages to stay _ despite everything. （cheer, cheerful）答疑编号0：针对该题提问【正确答案】cheerful【答案解析】句意：不论遇到任何事情，她都设法保持愉快的心情。本题考查stay的用法。注意stay后面接形容词或者名词作补语时，是作为系动词，表示维持某种状态。stay作停留讲，可接副词。答案为cheerful。6. We have to change the publics _ that money is being wasted. （perceive, perception）答疑编号1：针对该题提问【正确答案】perception【答案解析】句意：我们要转变公众浪费金钱的思想观念。that引导的同位语从句补充说明空格中的先行词。因此空格中应该填入名词perception认知。答案为perception。Section BDirections: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.decorate imperfection miserable portionflaws cracked compassion reply 1. She passed her tongue over her dry and_ lips and tried to speak. 答疑编号2：针对该题提问【正确答案】cracked【答案解析】句意：她用舌头舔了一下干裂的嘴唇，试图要说话。and连接两个并列的成分形容词dry以及空格中的词，因此空格中应该填入一个形容词，然后根据空格修饰的中心词lips可知，cracked有裂缝的，符合题意。答案为cracked。2. I was hoping she might show a little _ for victims of war. 答疑编号3：针对该题提问【正确答案】compassion【答案解析】句意：我希望她能对战争的遇难者们表示一下同情。空格中的词在句中作动词show的宾语，同时前面有形容词little 修饰，因此应填入一个名词，且根据后面的 victims of war可知，compassion同情，符合题意。答案为compassion。3. There are serious _ in the way we train our teachers.答疑编号4：针对该题提问【正确答案】flaws【答案解析】句意：我们培养教师的方式存在许多错误。形容词serious修饰空格中的词，因此空格中应该填入一个名词的复数形式。空格中的词是评价说明后面的the way，因此flaws（错误、缺陷），符合题意。答案为flaws。4. You can use shells to _ boxes, trays, mirrors or even pots.答疑编号5：针对该题提问【正确答案】decorate【答案解析】句意：你可以用贝壳装饰盒子、盘子、镜子或者罐子。use something to do something 使用某物做某事，因此空格中应该填入动词形式。由shell与后面的box 等的逻辑关系可知， decorate 装饰，符合题意。答案为decorate。5. She knows what has made life _ for her employees.答疑编号6：针对该题提问【正确答案】miserable【答案解析】句意：她知道是什么让她的员工生活悲惨。what引导的从句在句子中作宾语。空格中的词修饰前面的名词life，因此应该填入逻辑上能修饰员工生活的形容词，miserable 悲惨的，符合题意。答案为miserable。6. My father used to be a perfectionist and would never tolerate _.答疑编号7：针对该题提问【正确答案】imperfection【答案解析】句意：我的父亲曾经是一个完美主义者，无法忍受瑕疵。空格中的词作动词 tolerate 的宾语，同时根据前面的 perfectionist的属性可知，imperfection瑕疵，符合题意。答案为 imperfection。Section CDirections: Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word.1. You should be apologizing _ your customers for wasting their money.答疑编号8：针对该题提问【正确答案】to【答案解析】句意：你应该为浪费顾客的金钱而向他们道歉。apologize to somebody是固定短语，向某人道歉。答案为to。2. You should be ashamed _ yourself for telling such lies.答疑编号9：针对该题提问【正确答案】of【答案解析】句意：你应该为撒谎而感到羞愧。be ashamed of是固定搭配，为感到羞愧。答案为of。3. The details were supposed to be secret but somehow leaked _.答疑编号0：针对该题提问【正确答案】out【答案解析】句意：细节本应该保密，但是不知怎么被泄露了。leak out 是固定搭配，泄漏。be supposed to 本应该。答案为out。4. I feel sorry _ anyone who has to drive in this sort of weather.答疑编号1：针对该题提问【正确答案】for【答案解析】句意：我对任何需要在这种天气中驾驶的人表示同情。feel sorry for是固定搭配，为难过。答案为for。5. Dont take any notice _ what you read in the papers.答疑编号2：针对该题提问【正确答案】of【答案解析】句意：不要在意你在纸上看到的任何东西。take notice of是固定搭配，注意到。答案为of。6. Yesterday, I_ advantage of the good weather to paint the house. 答疑编号3：针对该题提问【正确答案】took【答案解析】句意：昨天我趁着好天气粉刷了房子。take advantage of 是固定搭配，利用。根据前面的时间状语 yesterday 可知，时态应该是过去时。答案为took。 Bridging the GapDirections: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.After loudly placed down containedload remove obstacle where picked In ancient times, a king had a boulder 1 on a roadway. Then he hid himself and watched to see if anyone would 2 the huge rock. Some of the kings wealthiest merchants and courtiers（朝臣）came by and simply walked around it. Many 3 blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none did anything about removing the big stone out of the way.答疑编号4：针对该题提问【正确答案】1. placed 2. remove 3. loudly【答案解析】1.根据boulder 与roadway 的逻辑关系可知，石头是被放置在路上，因此placed 放置，符合题意。答案为placed。2.空格中的词在句子中作谓语，因此应该填入动词形式，同时根据本段最后的 remove可知，remove（移动）符合题意。答案为remove。3.空格中填入的词在句子中作状语，修饰后面的动词blamed，因此应该填入副词形式，loudly blamed 大声指责。答案为loudly。Then a peasant came along carrying a 4 of vegetables. On approaching the boulder, the peasant laid 5 his burden and tried to move the stone to the side of the road. 6 much pushing, he finally succeeded.答疑编号5：针对该题提问【正确答案】4. load 5. down 6. After【答案解析】4.空格中的词修饰后面的vegetables，通过观察各个备选词可知，a load of是固定短语，许多、大量。答案为load。5.空格前面一句中提到，农民carry 大量的蔬菜，同时根据空格后面的move 可知，农民需要放下担子去移动石头。lay down 放下，是固定短语搭配。答案为down。6.通过分析 push 与succeed 的逻辑关系可知， push 后才能succeed ，因此after 在之后，符合题意。答案为After。As the peasant 7 up his stuff, he noticed a purse lying on the road 8 the boulder had been. The purse 9 many gold coins and a note from the king indicating that the gold was for the person who removed the boulder from the roadway. The peasant learned what many others never understood.答疑编号6：针对该题提问【正确答案】7. picked 8. where 9. contained【答案解析】7.前文中提到，农民放下担子后移开石头，因此此时需要拾起担子。pick up拾起、检起，是固定短语。答案为picked。8.空格中的词引导后面的从句修饰前面的地点状语on the road,因此关系副词where符合题意。答案为where。9.空格中填入的词在句子中作谓语，根据purse与后面的gold coins的关系可知，空格中应该填入一个“包含”意思的动词。答案为contained。Every 10 presents an opportunity to improve ones condition.答疑编号7：针对该题提问【正确答案】10. obstacle【答案解析】10.空格中的词在句子中作主语，联系前文及备选项，挡路的boulder代表了许多的障碍、困难，因此进行抽象归纳后可知，每个障碍后都代表着更好的机会。答案为obstacle。【参考译文】古时候有一个国王，他把一块大圆石头放在一条车道上，然后他躲起来看是否有人会搬开这块大石头。一些富有的商人和朝臣们路过此地都绕了过去。许多人还大声地责备国王没有使道路保持畅通无阻，但是没有一个人把大石头搬出道路。后来，一个携带着蔬菜的农民沿路过来了，他走近看到这块大石头，于是放下担子，试图把石头挪到路边。经过用力推动以后，他最后成功地移走了石头。当这个农民拿起他的东西时，他看到了一个钱包躺在路上，就在原来放石头的地方。钱包里盛满了金币，里面还有一张国王写的便条，指出：金子是赏给从路上移开石头的人。这个农民得到了别人没想到的东西。每一个障碍物都会给予改善一个人状况的机会。 TranslationSection ADirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in the brackets. 1. We_（本航班延迟起飞，谨致歉意）. （apologize）答疑编号1：针对该题提问【正确答案】apologize to you for the delay of the fligh 我们对本航班延迟起飞，谨致歉意。【答案解析】apologize to sb. for sth.指因某事向某人致歉。（航班的）延迟常用delay表示。答案为 apologize to you for the delay of the flight。2. His daughter looked such a mess that _（他为她感到害躁）. （