2009年职称英语等级考试真题+答案-卫生A

2009年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及答案人事考试教育网整理2010-10-28 13:7【大 中 小】【我要人 事 考 试 教 育 网 纠错】 第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1Why cant you stop your eternal complaining？ Aeverlasting B long Ctemporary D boring 2Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. Ashaken B damaged Cfallen D jumped 3These paintings are considered by many to be authentic. Afaithful B royal C genuine D sincere 4Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. Aattraction B simplicity Cpower D rigor 5Ten years after the event， her death still remains a puzzle. Amist B fog Cmystery D secret 6John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation. Aannoyed B troubled Cthreatened D aroused 7Academic records cannot be duplicated. Aborrowed B purchased Crewritten D copied 8The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research. Afastened B encouraged Craised D initiated 9We have ample money for the journey. Asome B little Cextra D enough 10 The doctors pills worked marvels for me. Apatients B miracles Cillness D recovery 11 Marys perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad. Amonotonous B endless Cserious D bitter 12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment. Aold B unforgettable Cfunny D unfair 13 You didnt adhere to these principles. Afollow B order Cprove D handle 14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land. Aempty B hairless Cbare D smooth 15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications. Aexpressions B warnings C instructions D advertisements 第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C. Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated， say Italian researchers， who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use. The researchers looked at 25 randomized， controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients. “When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007， we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials - more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years，” study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday. Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007， the researchers found that 11 （79 percent） of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact， this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand， a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an immature benefit/risk balance of new drugs，” Apolone said. He and his colleagues “are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However， findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation.” It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent， Apolone noted， but the average duration （持续时间） of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months， with a range from 12 to 64 months. They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped， theyd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis. “Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever theres proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation，” Stuart Pocock， a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom， said at the news conference. “However， too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy （功效） without strong evidence being available.” 16The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 17The trials were stopped early because the treatments proved to be of no value A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 18The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participants A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 19Some of the trials were probably stopped early for commercial reasons. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 20Participants in the trials were happy when they were stopped early A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 21Some of the trials were too short to show their long-term effects A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 22Stuart Pocock believed that in no case should clinical trials stop early A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Cancer 1Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells， the bodys basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes， this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them， and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign （良性的） tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and， in most cases， they do not come back Malignant （恶性的） tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order. 2Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use， diet， exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun， or exposure to carcinogens （致癌物） in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited. 3Cancer treatment can include surgery， radiation therapy， chemotherapy （化疗）， hormone therapy， and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods， depending on the type and location of the cancer， whether the disease has spread， the patients age and general health， and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues， it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options， weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects. 4Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer， the extent of the disease， and the patients tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones， organs， or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However， pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor. 23Paragraph 1 。 24Paragraph 2 。 25Paragraph 3 。 26Paragraph 4 。 ADoes cancer always cause pain？ BCan cancer be prevented？ CWhat is cancer？ DHow common is cancer？ EWhat causes cancer？ FHow is cancer treated？ 27Cancer occurs when cells m the body divide without 28Gene alterations may be caused by 29Treatment for cancer may also bring about some 30Cancer patients may differ in their A prescription medicines B control or order C tolerance for pain D various factors E normal genes F different genes side effects 第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents homes， says the latest report from the countrys state-run Institute of Youth. To coax （劝诱） young people from their homes， the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation （解放）” program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious （不稳定的） labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem， say sociologists （社会学家）。 Family ties in south Europe - Italy， Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe， said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth： Key for Understanding”。 “In general， young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized” said Minguez. In Spain - especially in the countryside， it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts， uncles， cousins， nieces and nephews （外甥/侄子） all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain hell put up a fight and call the father a fascist，” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez， a sociologist at Carlos I11 University in Madrid. Mothers willingness to do childrens household chores （家务） worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso， a 60-year-old in Madrid， has three children in their 20s. The eldest， 28， has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good. “His mum does the wash and cooks for him； in the end， he lives well，” Masso said. 31 The “Youth Emancipation” program alms at helping young people Afight for freedom. Bfight against social injustice. Cget rid of family responsibilities， Dlive in an independent way. 32 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in AFinland. BGreece. CSpain. DItaly. 33 Young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT Aparents tolerance. Bhousing problems. Ccultural traditions. Dunwillingness to get married 34 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso？ AShe is 60 years old. BShe has a boyfriend. CShe has three children DShe lives in Madrid 35 The phrase “wary of” m paragraph 8 could be best replaced by Atired of. Bafraid of. Ccautious about. Dworried about. 第二篇 Surprised by a Miracle I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a “coma” （昏迷） patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. “Following commands” is what we call it often its “wishful thinking” on the families part. Nurses can easily become callous （麻木不仁的） to it. On this particular night during visiting hours， my patients wife came n. I had taken care of him for several nights I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually， he didnt do anything. He barely moved at all， even when something would obviously hurt him， such as suctioning （抽吸） His wife was very short， about 5 fe人 事 考 试 教 育 网 et tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him， so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool I spoke to her for a few minutes， and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later， she came running out of the room. In an excited voice， she said， “Donna， hes moving his hand！” I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination， and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said， “1 asked him to squeeze my hand and he did！” This led me to another train of questioning. “But， did he let go when you asked him to？” She said yes， that he had done exactly what she asked I went into the room with her， not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify （抚慰） her than to make her think that I didnt believe her or that she was somehow mistaken. She asked him to squeeze her hand， which he did. I said， “Well， ask him to let go.” He continued to squeeze for a moment， so that when he finally did let go， I really still didnt believe that he had done it on purpose. So， I said， “Ask him to hold up one finger.” He did as asked. Well， hmm， this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him， his face still somewhat swollen （肿胀的） and his eyes still closed. “Stick out your tongue！” I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone “wake up.” 36The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patient Ais found to be following commands. Bis callous to nurses commands. Cis used to following commands. D is thought to be following commands. 37What condition had the patient been in before that particular night？ AHe had talked only with his wife. BHe had moved only when hurt. CHe had barely moved at all DHe had been too lazy to do anything. 38How did the author feel upon first hearing what the excited wife said？ AShe was doubtful. BShe was amused. CShe was scared. DShe was shocked 39What did the patient do on that particular night？ AHe squeezed and let go his wifes hand. BHe held up one of his fingers. CHe stuck out his tongue. DAll of the above. 40Why did the author almost fall on the floor； ABecause she had been working too hard. BBecause she had been deceived. CBecause she had been tripped D Because she could hardly believe her eyes 第三篇 Slowing Aging： Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century A group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes of aging. “The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseases - cancer， diabetes， heart disease， Alzheimers disease （早老性痴呆病） and Parkinsons disease （帕金森氏病） -will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either interact or share common mechanisms with aging，” says S. Jay Olshansky， professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health and senior author of the commentary. Middle-aged and older people are most often impacted by simultaneous but independent medical conditions. A cure for any of the major fatal diseases would have only a marginal impact on life expectancy （预期寿命） and the length of healthy life， Olshansky said. The authors suggest that a new paradigm （模式） of health promotion and disease prevention could produce unprecedented social， economic and health dividends for current and future generations if the aging population is provided with extended years of healthy life. They note that all living things， including humans， possess biochemical mechanisms that influence how quickly we age and， through dietary （饮食的） intervention or genetic alteration， it is possible to extend lifespan to postpone aging-related processes and diseases. Further research in laboratory models is expected to provide clues to and deeper understanding of how existing interventions， such as exercise and good nutrition， may lead to lifelong well-being. The authors also propose greatly increased funding for basic research into the “fundamental cellular （细胞的） and physiological changes that drive aging itself.” “We believe that the potential benefits of slowing aging processes have been underrecognized by most of the scientific community，“ said Olshansky. ”We call on the health-research decision-makers to allocate substantial resources to support and develop practical interventions that slow aging in people.“ An increase in age-related diseases and escalating health care costs make this the time for a “systematic attack on aging itself，” the authors write. Olshansky and colleagues contend that modern medicine is already heavily invested in efforts to extend life， and they argue that a fresh emphasis on aging has the potential to improve health and quality of life far more efficiently than is currently possible. 41The experts believe the traditional approach of attacking individual diseases Ais the