英语动词的基本形式

1. 动词的基本形式大多数动词都有四种形式：现在式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。按照动词各种形式的构成方法，动词可以分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。1） 规则动词的基本形式 规则动词的过去形式和过去分词一把在动词原形后面加词尾-ed构成；现在分词则加词尾-ing构成。如表所示：构成规则现在式（动词原形）过去式过去分词现在分词一般动词过去式和过去分词加-ed；现在分词加-ingLookPlayvisitLookedPlayedvisitedLookedPlayedvisitedLookingPlayingvisiting结尾是“e”的动词，过去式和过去分词加-d；现在分词先去”e”,再加-ingLiveHopeuseLivedHopedusedLivedHopedusedLivingHopingusing末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed或-ingStopPlanfitStoppedPlannedfittedStoppedPlannedfittedStoppingPlanningfitting结尾是“辅音字母+y“的动词，过去式和过去分词先变“y”为“i”，再加-ed；现在分词直接加-ingStudyCarrytryStudiedCarriedtriedStudiedCarriedtriedStudyingCarrying trying2）不规则动词的基本形式 不规则动词的构成情况比较复杂。为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词，现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型，每个类型中又分若干组，尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点，以帮助记忆。 1. A-A-A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打 3. A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 4. A -B -B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 （3）其他 pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 5. A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） （1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画 show showed shown 展示 （2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 （3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。 begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮 （4）其他不规则动