英美文学复习资料100题

1.the work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid character from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. 在英国文学里提到的作品里，第一次全面逼真地刻画了中世纪英国社会，创造了一个来自各行各业的生动画面的作品是杰弗里乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。 2.Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. 乔叟被视为英文诗歌之父， 3.The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 在英国文学史上，第一次在英文诗中引入英雄对联诗体，真正方便和体现了诗的魅力，是有乔叟开始的。 4.The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether. 坎特伯雷故事集呈现的是从各行各业的所有人的生动的人物形象，比如朝圣者的队伍，其中一共包括31名成员。 5.Generally,Renaissance refers to the intellectual movement during the period between 14th and mid-17th centuries,its essence was humanism. 一般来说，文艺复兴时期指的是从14世纪到17世纪的智力运动，它的本质是人文精神。 6.English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama. 英国文艺复兴时期是诗歌和戏剧的时代。 7.William Shakespeares writing is widely regarded as one of the three main sources of the English literature,while the other two are Greek and Roman myths and the Bible. 威廉莎士比亚的作品被广泛视为英国文献的三个主要来源之一，其他两个是希腊和罗马的神话和圣经。 8.William Shakespeare leaves a great body of literary work to the world,including 37 plays,154 sonnets and 2 narrative poems. 威廉莎士比亚留下了伟大的文学作品，包括37部戏剧，154首14行诗和2个叙事诗。 9.In reading Shakespeare,you must have come across the line”To be or not to be-that is the question”by Hamlet in Hamlet 在阅读莎士比亚的哈姆雷特这篇文章时,你一定见到过Hamlet所说的“生存还是毁灭,这是个问题”。 10.“So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see./So long lives this ,and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare,Sonnet 18)The word “this” refers to poetry. “只要人类在呼吸,眼睛看得见/这诗就活着,使你的生命绵延。”(莎士比亚十四行诗第18首)“this”是指诗歌 11.Shakespeares four great tragedies include Hamlet,King Lear,Othello,and Macbeth,usually considered as some of the finest works in the English language. 莎士比亚四大悲剧包括哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白，通常被认为是英文作品中一些最优秀作品。 12.In Romeo and Juliet,Shakespeares humanism is evidently seen in his praise of human love and in his defiance of feudal discord. 在罗密欧与朱丽叶中,莎士比亚的人文主义是在对人类的爱的赞美和对封建纷争的无视中体现出来的。 13.A sonnet is a poem of 14 lines.usually in iambic pentameter with rhymes arranged according to a centain definite patterns. 十四行诗是指有14行的诗歌。通常是五音步抑扬格与韵根据某种明确的方式排列的。14.Francis Bacons words,”Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested that is,some books are to be read in parts,others to be read,but not curiously,and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention,”describes the importance of reading and difference ways to deal with different books as well. 弗朗西斯培根说过,“有一些书浅尝即可，有一些可囫囵吞枣,有些书则需要细嚼慢咽,好好消化,一些书是只阅读一部分，另一些可以读，但不要太挑剔。另一些要凭借勤奋和注意力全部阅读。”描述了阅读的重要性和不同的方式来处理不同的书籍。 15.The Glorious Revolution in 1688 meant the supremacy of Parliament ,the beginning of modern England and the triumph of the principle of politically liberty. 1688年的光荣革命意味着议会至上,现代英国的开端和政治自由的原则的胜利。 16.Metaphysical poetry refers to the works of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne,with the general theme of carpe diem. 形而上学的诗歌是指，随着及时行乐的普遍主题，在17世纪受约翰多恩影响的作家所写的作品。 17、John Donne in his poem The Flea claim that killing the lover, the flea and thus committing sacrilege constitute three sins. 约翰邓恩在其诗作跳蚤与爱情中称杀死爱人、跳蚤和任性亵渎神灵乃是三大原罪。 18、Epic is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in a formal and elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, nation or the human race. 史诗属于一种记述重大历史事件的长篇韵文，格式通常正式、严肃，其中心往往围绕可以决定一个部落、民族甚至全人类命运的英雄，或者说已经几乎被尊崇成了神的人物。 十九、Enlightens believed that freedom, democracy, and reason are the primary values the society. 启蒙主义者认为社会的价值在于自由、平等和博爱。 20、In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a nave and simple youth into a mature and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his 28 years of living on an isolated island. 笛福在其著作鲁滨逊漂流记中叙述了主人公鲁滨逊从一个天真的和简单的青年变成一个成熟的和坚强的人的故事，他在廿八年的孤岛生涯里创造了无数的奇迹。 21、In Robinson Crusoe, the hero Crusoe teaches a slave named Friday to speak English and believed in God and eat like a civilized man. 在鲁滨逊漂流记中，英雄人物鲁滨逊教会了奴隶星期五讲英语、信上帝并像社会人那样吃饮等行为。 22、The revolutionary enthusiasm of the bourgeois revolution and the bitter hatred for the despotic ruler are best shown in the works of John Milton. 约翰弥尔顿的作品极好的展现了资产阶级的革命热忱和对独裁者满腔的阶级仇恨。 23、Gullivers Travel written by Jonathan Swift is one of the most effective and devastating criticism and satires of all aspects of the English and European life of the time. 乔纳森斯威夫特的著作格列佛游记乃是同时代最脍炙人口、最影响深远的批判和讽刺文学之一，其内容深入到了当时英国人和欧洲人生活的方方面面。 24、According to Swift, Gulliver made voyages to Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, the Country of the Houyhnhnms, etc. 格列佛游记中主人公格列佛航海游历了小人国、大人国、飞岛国和慧骃国等列国。 25、the 18th century witnessed that England there appeared two political parties,the Whigs and the Tories ,which were satire by Swift in His Gullivers travels 18世纪英格兰出现两个政党,辉格党和托利党,斯威夫特在他的格列佛游记中讽刺了它们 26、Jonathan swiftly defines a good style as “proper words in proper places ” 乔纳森迅速将一个好的风格定义为“在恰当的地方用恰当的词” 27、Jonathan swiftly in his “A Modest Proposal”exposes a fact that the English are devouring the Irish 乔纳森很快在他的“一个温和的建议”暴露了一个事实,英语是吞噬爱尔兰 28、one of the characteristics of neo-classicism is that reason rather than emotion ,and form rather than content are emphasized 古典主义的特点之一,是理性而不是情感,强调形式而不是内容 29、paradise lost is actually a story taken from the old testament 失乐园实际上是一个故事取自旧约 30、romanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations above those of society with its Keynote intensity and watchword imagination 浪漫主义强调个人价值和愿望高于社会的主旨强度和口号的想象力 31、romanticism as a main literary trend prevailed in England during the period of 1798-1832,beginning with publication of lyrical ballads in 1798,ending with Walter Scotties death in 1832 浪漫主义作为文学趋势盛行在英格兰1798 - 1832年期间,从1798年抒情诗集出版开始,直到1832年沃尔特斯科特去世 32、William Wordsworth ,Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey were known as “lake poets because they lived and knew one another in the district of the great lakes in northwestern England” 威廉华兹华斯,塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治和骚塞被称为“湖畔诗人,因为他们生活在英格兰西北部地区的大湖并且相互认识” 33.William Wordsworth was a major English Romantic poet who,with Samuel Taylor Coleridge,helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads. 威廉华兹华斯是英国浪漫主义诗人,与塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治一同,通过他们联合抒情诗集的出版推动了英国文学中浪漫主义时代 的到来。 34.As a worshipper of nature,William Wordsworths famous poems include l Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,Tintern Abbey,andthe Solitary Reaper 作为自然的崇拜者,威廉华兹华斯的著名的诗歌包括我是孤云丁登寺孤独的收割者 。 35.William Wordsworth defines a good poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feel lings. 威廉华兹华斯定义，一个好的诗歌是自发地溢出的强大的情感。 36.InI wandered lonely as cloud,the poet saysmy heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils. 在我是孤云中，诗人说“快乐填满我的心,和水仙一同翩翩起舞。” 37.Byrons influence was manifested by many authors and artists of the Romantic movement during the 19th century and beyond. An example of Byronic hero is Heathcliff from Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights. 拜伦的影响力体现在19世纪浪漫主义运动中许多作家和艺术家的身上。拜伦式英雄的一个例子是艾米丽勃朗特的呼啸山庄中的Heathcliff。 38.Percy Bysshe Shelley in his poems called on the people to overthrow the rule of tyranny and injustice and prophesied a happy and free life for mankind. 波比雪莱在他诗歌里呼吁人民推翻暴政和不公并预言了人类快乐和自由的生活。 39.Percy Bysshe Shelley,through the speaker in his Ode to the West Wind,imagines himself to be a leaf,a cloud and a wave under the influence of the west wind. 波比雪莱,通过他的西风颂中的主人公,想象自己是西风影响下的一片叶子,一片云,一朵浪花。 40.Frankenstein,by Mary Shelley, was supposed to be the first science fiction in the world. 玛丽雪莱的弗兰肯斯坦被认为是世界上第一个科幻小说。 41. Byron and Shelley are usually considered as the Second Generation of the Romanic Movement. 拜伦和雪莱通常被认为是浪漫运动的第二代。 42. In the poem “Ode to a Nightingale”,Keats identifies himself with the ideal beauty and hopes that the song of the bird will help him to escape from the world of suffering,where “to think is to be full of sorrow”,into the world of eternal happiness. 在诗夜莺颂，济慈确定自己美丽的理想和希望，歌唱的鸟儿会帮助他摆脱苦难的世界，在那里“认为是充满了忧伤的”，进入永恒的幸福世界。 43. The prose writing of the romantic period was represented by Charles Lamb,William Hazlitt, and Thomas de Quincey. 44. John Keats wrote such immortal odes as “Ode to a Nightingale”, “Ode to Autumn”and “Ode on a Grecian Urn”. 约翰济慈写过这样不朽的颂歌如夜莺颂、秋颂和希腊古瓮颂。 45. Shelley wrote an elegy “Adonis” lamenting the early death of his fellow-poet John Keats. 雪莱写的挽歌“阿多尼斯”感叹他的同胞诗人约翰济慈早期死亡。 46. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is from Keats “Ode on a Grecian Urn”. “美是真理，真理之美”是来自于济慈的希腊古瓮颂。 47. The dominant theme of John Keats poems is that the world of nature is beautiful, the realm of art and poetry is wonderful, but the human society is full of miseries. 约翰济慈诗歌的显性主题是自然世界是美丽的，艺术和诗歌的境界是美妙的，但人类社会充满了痛苦。 48. Robert Burns collected, edited, restored, and imitated traditional Scottish songs, or wrote verses of his own too traditional tune. Thus, he rescued and preserved the literary heritage. 罗伯特伯恩斯收集，编辑，恢复，和模仿传统的苏格兰歌曲，或者写他自己的诗歌太传统曲调。因此，他抢救、保护文化遗产。 49.Robert burns often wrote with light-hearted humor and in Scottish dialect.罗伯特彭斯常用轻松幽默的苏格兰方言来写作 50.“Auld Lang Syne”,originally a Scottish folksong edited and collect by Robert Burns,was incorporated into the classic hollywood movie Waterloo Bridge in 1940 .友谊地久天长，是苏格兰的传统民歌，由罗伯特-彭斯收集、整理，在1940被好莱坞经典电影魂断蓝桥引用。 51.Jane Austens novel include Norehanger Abbey,Sense and Sensibility,Pride and Prejudice,Mansfield Park,Emma and Persuasion.简奥斯丁的小说包括诺桑觉寺、理智与情感、傲慢与偏见、曼斯菲尔德公园、爱玛和劝导。52.Jane Austen,although living and writing in the “age of poetry”,was an novelist instead 简奥斯丁,虽然生活和写作的“诗歌”的时代,但却是一个小说家 53.Pride and Prejudice is about the love and marriage story of five daughters in one family.傲慢与偏见讲的是一个家庭中五个女儿的爱情和婚姻的故事。 54.Jane Austen wrote six novels all through her life.简奥斯丁一生共写了6部小说。 55.Jane Austens novels are mainly about love and marriage,mainly focusing on everyday country life of the upper middle class,and successful in the employment of irony.简奥斯丁的小说的主题主要是关于爱情和婚姻，关注上层中产阶级的乡村日常生活，和对当时财产关系成功的嘲讽。 56.Dances figure prominently in Jane Austens novels.Whether performed in public assembly rooms or in private,dances offered social opportunities for young people to mix and mingle and converse in an acceptable fashion. 舞蹈在简奥斯丁的小说中尤为突出。无论是在公共场所还是在私人场所，舞蹈都为年轻人提供了在一起交谈、交往的可以接受的社交方式。 57.Asten sets all of her novels during the Regency Period when the new landed（拥有土地的） gentry（贵族） who came into money through commercial（商业的营利的） enterprise and ascended（上升） from the middle class. 奥斯汀把他所有的小说中都设置在摄政期间，在那段时间内中产阶级通过盈利性质的积累资本一步步成为拥有土地的新兴贵族。 58.Pride and prejudice portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day ,and tells of the initial misunderstanding and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth and the haughty Darcy. 傲慢与偏见讲述了生活在乡村社会的上流阶层的日子，并且讲述了伊丽莎白和傲慢的达西之间由最初的偏见到最后的相互启迪的过程。 59.Austen , employing irony ,begins her most famous novel Pride and Prejudice with this sentence “It is a truth universally acknowledged ,that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. ” 奥斯汀，运用讽刺的手法，用一句话“这是个举世承认的真理，每个富有的单身汉身后都需要一个妻子”，开始了她最著名的小说傲慢与偏见。 60.In the 19th century English literature ,a new literary trend ,critical realism ,appeared ,and flourished in the forties and early fifties. 在十九世纪的英国文学，一种新的文学思潮，批判现实主义出现了，并在四十和五十年代初盛行。 61Jane Austens writing ,drawing vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society in her novels, was consider to be a fine engraving made upon a little piece of ivory. 简奥斯汀的写作，生动逼真地描绘了乡村社会的日常生活，被认为是“一小块象牙的精细雕刻”。 62Chronologically , the Victorian Period refers to 1837-1901. 按时间顺序，维多利亚时期指1837-1901。 63Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, writers in the Victorian Period shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of common people. 虽然从不同的角度和不同的技巧写作，在维多利亚时期的作家所共有的是，他们都关注普通人的命运。 64 Pip,Estella,Havisham ,Magwitch,and Joe Gargery are names of characters from the novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. 皮普，艾丝黛拉，郝薇香，马格韦契，和乔葛是查尔斯狄更斯的小说远大前程中主人公的名字。 65. “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure,plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?.And if god had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard as for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.” The passage is taken from Jame Eyre. “你难道认为,我一贫如洗、默默无闻、长相平庸、个子瘦小,就没有灵魂,没有心肠了?要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和充足的财富,我会使你同我现在一样难分难舍。”这段话选在简爱。 66.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of novel. 翻译：英国批判现实主义发现完成小说首要的是表达。 67.One of the greatest English critical realist novelist was Charles Dickens, who criticized the bourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people. 翻译：查尔斯-狄更斯是英国最伟大的批判现实主义小说家之一，他批判资本主义文明，展现平民的悲惨生活。 68.David Copperfield is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author Charles Dickens, in which the early life of the hero is largely based on the authors early life. 大卫-科波菲尔被认为是作家查尔斯-狄更斯的半自传记。文章中英雄的早年生活很大一部分基于作者的早年生活。 69.In the novel Oliver Twist, Dickens gives a truthful presentation of the sufferance of the poor, and makes a complete exposure of the terrible condition in the English workhouse of the time and the brutality and corruption of the oppressors under the mask of philanthropy. 翻译:在小说雾都孤儿中，狄更斯真实的展现了穷人的苦难，完整的暴露了当时英国的济贫院可怕的条件和压迫者的残暴以及在慈善的面具下的腐败。 70、Charles Dickens begins his famous novel A Tale of Two Cities this way: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of light, it was the reason of Darkness,it was it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other day.” 翻译：查尔斯-狄更斯以这样的方式开始了他著名的小说双城记：“这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代，这是智慧的时代，这是愚蠢的时代，这是信仰的时代，这是怀疑的时代，这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节，这是希望的春天，这是绝望的冬天，我们前方拥有一切，我们前方一无所有，我们直登天堂，我们坠入地狱、” 71、Hardy is one of the representative of English critical realism at the turn of the 19th century. 翻译：哈代是十九世纪英国批判现实主义的代表。 72、As to Tess of the DUrbervilles: Tess was a pure woman; Tess was a victim of economic oppression and social injustice; the authors pessimistic and naturalistic view of life is fully expressed in it. 翻译：作为德伯家的苔丝，苔丝是一个纯洁的女人；苔丝是一个经济压迫和社会不公的受害者；作者悲观主义和自然主义的世界观在这里得到充分表达。 73.Alec,Clare,Angel,all are characters appearing in the novel Tess of the DUrbervilles. Alec,Clare,Angel,都是出现在德伯家的苔丝这篇小说里的角色。 74.Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled Wuthering Heights. 呼啸山庄是艾米丽勃朗特唯一一部作品。 75.Bronte Sisters were all talented writers,they all died young and all went to charity school. 勃朗特姐妹都是才华横溢的作家,他们都英年早逝,都去上过慈善学校。 76.Jane Eyre is one of the Victorian age.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society,especially the bourgeois system of education. 简爱是维多利亚时代的作品之一，它以它对现有社会,特别是资产阶级教育制度的尖锐批评而著名 77.Thomas Hardy was once an architect,born in Dorsetshire,a county in the south of England,and his principle works are the Wessex novels. 托马斯哈代曾经是一名建筑师,出生在多塞特郡,英格兰南部的一个县,他主要著作是“威塞克斯小说”系列 78.Novels of character and Environment are also called Wessex novels,talking the southwest counties of England for their setting ,which include The Return of the Native,The Mayor of Casterbridge,Tess of the DUrbervilles,and Jude the Obscure. 哈代性格与环境小说也被称为威塞克斯小说，背景是英格兰南部的一个县，包括还乡，卡斯特桥市长德伯家的苔丝和无名的裘德。 79.Tess Durbeyfield in Tess of the Durbervilles is the daughter of a poor villager. 德伯家的苔丝中的Tess Durbeyfield是一个贫苦村民的女儿。 80.One of the chief representative figures of the School of Aestheticism is Oscar Wilde. 奥斯卡王尔德是唯美主义运动的主要代表人物之一。 81.Most of Hardys novels are set in Wessex,the fictional primitive and crude region which is really the home place he both loves and hates. 译文：哈代的小说大多发生在韦塞克斯，一个虚构的原始天然的地方，这才是他既爱又恨的家乡。 82.James Joyces representative works are Dubliners,A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man,Ulysses and Finnegans Wake. 译文：詹姆斯乔伊斯的代表作是都柏林人、一个青年艺术家的画像、尤利西斯和芬尼根的守灵夜。 83.James Joyce,Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner all belong to the school of the Streams of Consciousness. 译文：詹姆斯乔伊斯、弗吉尼亚伍尔芙和威廉福克纳都属于意识流作家。 84.Washington Irving is the first American writer to earn an international reputation,and regarded as an early famous Romantic writer in American Literary history. 译文：华盛顿欧文是第一个赢得国际声誉的美国作家，并被认为是美国文学史上的早期著名的浪漫主义作家。 85.Irving was best known for his famous short stories such as “Rip Van Winkle”and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”. 欧文最出名的是他的著名短篇小说，如瑞普凡温克尔、睡谷传奇。 86.The finest example of Hawthornes symbolism is reflected in his The Scarlet Letter. 代表霍桑最好的例子是他的红字。 87.Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts（描述）the prison as a symbol for puritanical（极端拘谨的） severity of law and the rigorous（严格的、严厉的） enforcement（执行、实行、强制） of law and impossibility to break free of it,while the rosebush（玫瑰从） to symbolize （象征）the passionate（热情的） wilderness in the form of Hester Prynne. 纳撒尼尔霍桑把监狱描述成刻板拘谨法律、强制执行法律的符号，坚不可摧，而同时以海丝特白兰的形式用玫瑰从来象征热情与温柔。 88.As a leading spokensman of the Imagist Movement Ezra Pound wrote a famous one-image poem “In a Station of the Metro ”,which has been regarded as a classical specimen of Imagist poetry. 作为意象派诗歌运动的领先人，埃兹拉庞德写了一首著名单一意象诗在地铁站内，被认为是意象派诗歌的经典标本。 89.Postmodernism can be described as a set of critical ,strategic and rhetorical practices employing concepts such as difference,repetition,simulacrum,and hyper reality to destabilize other concepts such as presence,identity,historical progress,and epistemic certainty. 后现代主义可以被描述为批判性的、战略性的、修辞性的一组实践应用，采用差异、 重复、 拟像和超现实去动摇其他的概念，如存在、 身份、 历史进步和认知肯定等概念。 90.Postmodernis