英语冠词复习讲义

冠词（Article）一、不定冠词用法1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一”。 注意：a/an虽表示“一”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别；one则强调数量。试比较：I bought a computer. I bought one computer. 因此，在表示数量对比时，要用 而不用a/an。I have red pencil, but she has three. 2. such, quite, rather后接单数名词时，使用such a, quite a, rather a的语序。翻译：他是个非常诚实的人。 He is honest man. 这是多么晴朗的一天。 It is fine day. 3. 用于“so/as/too/how + adj. + a/an +单数名词”结构中。Ive never seen tree. (=Ive never seen tree.) 翻译：他是像汤姆一样聪明的孩子。 这是一只多漂亮的鸟啊！How ! (=How !) 在what感叹句中，语序应为“what + a/an +adj. +单数名词”What ! 4. 惯用短语：have a word with sb, do sb a favour, take an active part in, as a result, in a word, all of a sudden, once in a while等。二、定冠词用法1. There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. 2. 用在序数词前，表示“第几”；用在形容词最高级前，表示“最的”。 This may be the last chance. 但注意：有时序数词前可以用a，表示“又一，再一”；有时形容词最高级前可以用a，此时不表示“最”，而表示“很，非常”。Dont worry. Ill give you second chance. It is exactly most interesting book. 3. 用在形容词比较级前，表示两者间“较的一个”。另外，也用于the very, the same, the only等。 He is the taller of the two boys. This is the very book I want. 4. 用在某些形容词前，表示具有某些共同特征的一类人，如the rich富人，the poor穷人，the sick病人，the old老人，the young年轻人，the blind盲人，the dead死人。5. 用于句型“动词+ sb +介词+ the +身体某一部位”，此时the不能用物主代词代替。take sb. by the arm hit sb. in the face be red in the face 6. 用于“by + the +计量单位”，表示“按计算”，如by the ton/pound/yard/meter等。You can still buy cloth by the yard in this country. 在这个国家买布还论码。注意：by后面如果接上对应的抽象名词而不是其计量单位时，中间不加冠词，如by volume/weight/length/width/depth。Natural Gas is usually measured by volume and is stated in cubic feet. 天然气通常是按体积测量的，并用立方英尺来表示。7. 与复数名词连用，指整个群体。They are the teachers of this school.（指全体教师） They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师）8. 用在某些固定词组中all the same, all the time, at the beginning of, at the end of, at the entrance of, at the foot of, by the time, in the end, in the open air, tell the truth三、使用“零冠词”的情况什么是“零冠词”？按照英语习惯，有些时候名词前需要使用定冠词the，有些时候需要使用不定冠词a/an，但有些时候不需要使用（甚至不能使用）冠词，由于不使用冠词的情况比较特殊，在语法上将这种冠词用法特地归为一类，称“零冠词”，常用“/”表示。1. 专有名词前使用零冠词；不可数名词前通常使用零冠词。翻译：下周我将要去英国。Im going to England next week. 2. 如果可数名词之前已经有形容词性物主代词、指示代词及不定代词some, any等限制时，使用零冠词。 翻译：那封信在她的口袋里。The letter is in her pocket. 3. 用复数名词来表示一类人或事物时，使用零冠词。 翻译：我的父亲和母亲是教师。My father and mother are teachers.4. 在星期、月份、季节、节日前；在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前，均使用零冠词。 如：在春季；在七月；在教师节（那天）注意：如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰，则要加定冠词the。 翻译：他在1982年春天参军了。He joined the Army in the spring of 1982. 我国的传统节日前需用定冠词the。 春节 选填a, the, / a. I can see football. b. Wheres football？5. 如果某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任，或者表示某人的头衔、称呼，则使用零冠词。 （表示头衔、称呼的名词作表语、同位语、补足语时，用零冠词。）Good morning, Mom! He, Mayer of New York City, visited our school yesterday. 6. turn用作系动词时，表示“变成”，后面作表语的单数名词前不用冠词。He turned writer many years later. (=He became a writer many years later.)7. 某些固定词组中不用冠词。 by加交通工具某些名词词组 day and night, here and there, hour after hour, hour by hour等某些介词词组 in surprise, on foot, on duty, on holiday, on showgo的短语，表示“去做某事” go to bed, go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing四、某些名词，当用来表示其“主要目的”，也就是用来强调相关的某个行为时，要用零冠词，否则意思会有些改变。另有一些短语，加不加冠词，意思完全不同。at table VS at the table at school VS at the schoolin bed VS in the bed in hospital VS in the hospitaltake place VS take the place in place of VS in the place ofin case of VS in the case of out of question VS out of the question冠词名词例句泛指a/an表示一个可数单数A horse is enough to do the job. 表示数量，= onea/an表示一类可数单数A horse is often used here. 个体泛指the表示一类可数单数The horse is very useful here. 强调整体零冠词表示一类可数复数Horses are useful animals. 强调整体零冠词表示一类不可数名词Water is very important to human. 特指the不可数名词The paper made in the factory is good. 可数单数The pen he gave me is good. 可数复数The book bought yesterday are worth reading. 在“a/an +单数名词”、“the +单数名词”、“零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词”中，所用冠词都可表类指，但也有细微区别：(1)“the +单数名词”指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。如：The car goes faster than the bike. 汽车比自行车跑得快。The telephone was invited by Alexander Bell. 电话是由亚历山大贝尔发明的。(2)“a/an +单数名词”侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。A puma was found in the village. 人们在村子里发现了一只美洲狮。(3)“零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词”侧重指类别中的许多个体。如： Farmers are busy in autumn. 农民们在秋天很忙。(4)在使用冠词时要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。如： tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎正面临着灭绝的危险。( ) 1._recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speaker by_ year 2090.A. A, the B. A, / C. The, / D. The, a( ) 2.If you go by _train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _fast one. A. /, / B. /, a C. the, a D. /, / ( ) 3. It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. A /, / B. /, a C. the, / D. the, a( ) 4.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city, I only remember it was _ Monday.A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a( ) 5.If you grow up in _large family, you are more likely to develop _ability to get on well with _others.A. /, an, the B. a, the, / C. the, an, the D. a, the, the ( ) 6.Mrs. Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for painting she has won two national prizes.A. a, a B. an, the C. an, a D. the, a( ) 7. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ride to _Capital Airport.A .the, a B. a, the C. /, a D. /, the ( ) 8.On May 5, 2005, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens with _score of 4:1.A. a, a B. / the C. a, / D. the, a ( ) 9.I knew _John Lennon, but not _famous one. A. /, a B. a, the C. /, the D. the, a ( ) 10.The book tells _life story of John Smith, who left _school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.A. the, the B. a, the C. the. D. a,/ ( ) 11.When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel; I can find you _bed in my flat.A. the, a B. the, / C. a, the D. a, /( ) 12. Tom owns _larger collection of _books than any other student in our class.A. the, / B. a, / C. a, the D. /, the ( ) 13._on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _major concern of the country.A. The, / B. The, a C. An, the D. An, /( ) 14.When he left _college, he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office. A. /, a B. /, the C. a, the D. the, the( ) 15. The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution. A. /, / B. the, / C. the, the D. a, the1A report 可数名词， a recent report 一份近来的报告 ，是泛指；第二个空填the 表特指示2090年。2B. by train 乘火车，by 在接交通工具类的同时，一般不接冠词，如by bike , by ship ; 根据句意第二个空应该是泛指。3B teachers