unit-10-Pompeii-Text-Analysis.ppt

1.NotveryfarfromNaples,astrangecitysleepsunderthehotItaliansun.ItisthecityofPompeii,andthereisnoothercityquitelikeitinalltheworld.NothinglivesinPompeiiexceptcricketsandbeetlesandlizards,yeteveryyearthousandsofpeopletravelfromdistantcountriestovisitit.2.Pompeiiisadeadcity.Noonehaslivedtherefornearlytwothousandyears-notsincethesummeroftheyearA.D.79,tobeexact.3.UntilthatyearPompeiiwasaprosperouscityof25,000people.NearbywastheBayofNaples,anarmoftheblueMediterranean.RichmencamedownfromwealthyRometobuildseasidevillas.FarmlandssurroundedPompeii.Risingbehindthecitywasthe4000-footMountVesuvius,agrass-coveredslopewheretheshepherdsofPompeiitooktheirgoatstograze.Pompeiiwasabusycityandahappyone.4.Itdiedsuddenly,inaterriblerainoffireandash.Thetragedystruckonthe24thofAugust,A.D.79.MountVesuvius,whichhadsleptquietlyforcenturies,eruptedwithsavageviolence.TonsofhotashfellonPompeii,hidingitfromsight.Forthreedaysthesundidnotbreakthroughthecloudsofvolcanicashthatfilledthesky.Andwhentheeruptionended,Pompeiiwasburieddeep.Acityhadperished.,5.Centuriespassed,Pompeiiwasforgotten.Then,seventeenhundredyearslater,itwasdiscoveredagain.Beneaththeprotectingshroudofash,thecitylayintact.EverythingwasasithadbeenthedayVesuviuserupted.Therewerestillloavesofbreadintheovensofthebakeries.Inthewineshops,thewinejarswereinplace,andononecountercouldbeseenastainwhereacustomerhadthrowndownhisglassandfled.6.TogotoPompeiitodayistotakeatripbackwardintime.Theoldcitycomestolifeallaroundyou.Youcanalmostheartheclatterofhorseshoofsonthenarrowstreets,thecriesofchildrenandthelaughteroftheshopkeepers.Theskyiscloudlesslyblue,withthesummersunhighinthesky.ThegrassyslopesofgreatVesuviusrisetotheheavensbehindthecity,andsunlightshimmersonthewatersofthebayathousandyardsfromthecitywalls.Shipsfromeverynationareinportandstrangelanguagescanbeheardinthestreets.7.SuchwasPompeiionitslastday.Andsoitistoday,nowthatthevolcanicashhasbeenclearedaway.Agoodimaginationisallyouneedtorestoreittoactivity.,8.AtdawnonAugust24,intheyearA.D.79,Pompeiis25,000peopleawakenedtoanotherhotdayinthathotsummer.Therewasgoingtobeacontestinthearenathatnightandthewholetownwaslookingforwardtothebloodyfightsofthegladiators.Thechildrenheadedtowardschool,carryingslatesandfollowedbytheirdogs.Intheforumthetownsimportantmenhadgatheredafterbreakfasttoreadthepoliticalsignsthathadbeenpostedduringthenight.Elsewhereintheforumthewoolmerchantstalkedbusiness.Thebankerwasgoingoverhisaccountbooks.Attheinnlater-risingtravelersfromtheEastawakenedandyawnedandcalledforbreakfast.9.Thequietmorningmovedslowlyalong.TherewasnothingveryunusualaboutPompeii.Buttragedywasonitsway.BeneathVesuviusvine-coveredslopesamightyforcewasabouttobreakloose.Atoneoclockintheafternoonthecriticalpointwasreached.Themountainblewup,rainingdeathonthousands.DowninPompeii,fourmilesfromthesummit,atremendousexplosionwasheard.10.“Whatwasthat?”peoplecriedfromoneendoftowntoanother.Theystaredateachother,puzzled,troubled.Werethegodsfightinginheaven?11.“Look!”somebodyshouted.“LookatVesuvius!”,12.Thousandsofeyesturnedupward.Thousandsofarmspointed.Ablackcloudwasrisingfromtheshatteredsummitofthemountain.Higherandhigheritrose.Likethetrunkofatree,itroseintheair,branchingoutasitclimbed.13.Minutespassed.Thesoundoftheexplosiondiedaway,butitstillreverberatedineveryonesears.ThecloudoverVesuviuscontinuedtorise,blackasnight,higherandhigher.AstrangerainbegantofallonPompeii-arainofstones.Thestoneswerelight.Theywerepumicestones,consistingmostlyofairbubbles.Thesepoureddownasthoughtherehadbeenasuddencloudburst.Thepumicestonesdidlittledamage.14.“Whatishappening?”Pompeiiansaskedoneanother.Theyrushedtothetemples-theTempleofJupiter,theTempleofApollo,theTempleofIsis.Prieststriedtocalmthecitizens.Theskywasdark.Anhourwentbyanddarknessstillshroudedeverything.Allwasconfusion.ThepeopleofPompeiinowknewthatdoomwasathand.Theirfearswereredoubledwhenatremendousrainofhotashbegantofall.Thewoodenroofsofsomeofthehousesbegantocatchfireastheheatoftheashreachedthem.Otherbuildingswerecollapsingundertheweightofthepumicestones.,15.Inthesefirstfewhours,onlythequick-wittedmanagedtoescape.Awealthywoolmerchantcalledhisfamilytogetherandcrammedjewelryandmoneyintoasack.Lightingatorch,heledhislittlebandoutintothenightmareofthestreets.ManyhundredsofPompeiiansfledinthosefirstfewdarkhours.Stumblinginthedarkness,theymadetheirwaytothecitygates,thenoutanddowntotheharbor.Theyboardedboatsandgotaway,livingtotellthetaleoftheircitysdestruction.Otherspreferredtoremainwithinthecity,huddlinginsidethetemples,orinthepublicbathsorinthecellarsoftheirhomes.Theystillhopedthatthenightmarewouldend.16.Itwaseveningnow.AndanewtroublewasinstoreforPompeii.Theearthtrembledandquaked!Roofswentcrashinginruin,buryinghundredswhohadhopedtosurvivetheeruption.Intheforumthetallcolumnstoppled.Theentirecityseemedtoshakeinthegripofagiantfist.17.Threefeetofpumicestonesnowcoveredtheground.Ashfloatedintheair.Poisonousgascamedriftingfromthecrater,thoughpeoplecouldstillbreathe.Roofswerecollapsingeverywhere.Thecriesoftheinjuredanddyingfilledtheair.Rushingthrongs,blindedbythedarknessandthesmoke,rusheduponestreetanddownthenext,tramplingthefalleninacrazyfruitlessdashtowardsafety.Dozensofpeopleplungedintodead-endstreetsandfoundthemselvestrappedbycrashingbuildings.Theywaitedthere,toofrightenedtorunfurther,expectingtheend.,18.Thepoisongasthickenedastheterriblenightadvanced.ItwaspossibletoprotectoneselffromthepumicestonesbutnotfromthegasandPompeiiansdiedbythehundreds.Carbonmonoxidegaspreventsthebodyfromabsorbingoxygen.Victimsofcarbonmonoxidepoisoninggetsleepierandsleepieruntiltheyloseconsciousness,nevertoregainit.AlloverPompeii,peoplelaydownonbedsofpumicestones,overwhelmedbythegas,anddeathcamequietlytothem.19.Allthroughtheendlessnight,Pompeiianswanderedaboutthestreetsorcrouchedintheirruinedhomesorclusteredinthetemplestopray.Bymorningfewremainedalive.NotoncehadVesuviusstoppedhurlingpumicestonesandashintotheair,andthestreetsofPompeiiwerefillingquickly.AtmiddayonAugust25,exactlytwenty-fourhoursafterthebeginningofthefirsteruption,aseconderuptionoccurred.AsecondcloudofashroseaboveVesuviusssummit.ThewindblewashasfarasRome.ButmostofthenewashdescendedonPompeii.20.Thedeadlyshowerofstonesandashwentintoitssecondday.ButitnolongermatteredtoPompeiiwhethertheeruptioncontinuedanotherdayoranotheryear.ForbymiddayonAugust25,Pompeiiwasacityofthedead.,cricket,beetle,beetle,lizard,Prosperousprosper(v.)prosperity(n.),prosperousbusinessman事业成功的实业家prosperouscountry繁荣昌盛的国家prosperousindustry兴旺发达的工业,Itusedtobeaveryprosperoustown.Therearesomeareasofpoverty,butthecountryasawholeisfairlyprosperous.,3.Thenewgovernmentusheredinaperiodofprosperity.新政府的成立带来了一个繁荣的时期。,1.NearbywastheBayofNaples,anarmoftheblueMediterranean.anarmofsth:alongandnarrowareaoflandorwaterthatisjoinedtoabroaderareaShecamebackwithanarmfulofbooks.AnarmoftheAtlanticOceanthatformsachannelbetweenFranceandBritain.大西洋的一个海湾，它形成了法国和英国的一个水道。,Paragraph3,comedownfrom,tocomefromoneplacetoanother从.到.(通常指从一国的北部到南部，或从大地方到小地方）RichmencamedownfromwealthyRometobuildseasidevillas.富人专程从富有的罗马建造海滨别墅comedownfromthemountain从山上下来comedownfromthesky从天空落下来,Partonetextanalysis,Risingbehindthecitywasthe4000-footMountVesuvius,agrass-coveredslopewheretheshepherdsofPompeiitooktheirgoatstograze.,1ft=0.3048m4000-foot:acompoundadj.,adverbialoflocationinfront,aninvertedsentence,2.4,000-footMountVesuvius:一个五年计划；三头怪兽；半年的合同,Partonevocabulary,grass-coveredadj.Compoundadjectiveformedby:n.+pastparticipleMoreexample:home-made,state-owned,heart-felt,quake-stricken,Partonevocabulary,grazev.toeatgrassthatisgrowinginafield（牛、羊等）吃草e.g.Theircattleweregrazingonthegrassland.toputcows,sheep,etc.inafieldsothattheycaneatthegrassthere放牧e.g.Wearegrazingthesheepinthenextfield.我们在旁边的地里放羊。,1.aterriblerainoffireandasharainofsth:alargenumberofthingsthatfallfromtheskyatthesametime.arainofinsults一阵侮辱arainoftears/petals/arrows/bulletsArainofabusehasbeenheapeduponhim.他遭到一顿咒骂。ashowerof:alotofsmalllightthingsfallingormovingthroughtheairtogether-ofleaves;-ofstonesastormof:asuddenloudamountofnoisemadebyagroupofpeopleinreactiontosth-ofcriticism;-ofapplause,strikev.struck,struck(stricken)Thetragedystruckonthe24thofAugust.(tohappensuddenlyandhaveaharmfulordamagingeffect)Hestruckhisheadagainsttheroof.HestruckhisbrotherontheheadTheclockstruckfour.Shestruckupanacquaintancewithamusicianonthetrip.Theswordstrucksparksoffthestonefloor.Howdidthefilmstrikeyou?tostrikeabalance(betweenAandB),eruptv.eruption(n.)-eruptional(a.)Whenavolcanoerupts,itthrowsoutalotofhot,meltedrockcalledlava,aswellasashandsteam.e.g.Thedemonstrationseruptedintoviolence.示威游行爆发成暴力行为。Afewdayslater,Vesuviuswasinviolenteruption.几天以后，维苏威火山猛烈爆发了。,savage(a./n./v.),adj.1.fierceandviolent2.involvingverystrongcriticism3.anoffensivewayofreferringtogroupsofpeopleorcustomsthatareconsideredtobesimpleandnothighlydeveloped.,蒙昧的，未开化的，野蛮的,猛烈抨击的,Theactresswassavagedbytheaudience.那位女演员受到观众的猛烈抨击。Afterthesavagehadkilledhisenemy,hehackedthebodytopieces.那个野蛮人杀死对手之后，把他的尸体劈成了碎块。,Partonetextanalysis,TonsofhotashfellonPompeii,hidingitfromsight.SomuchhotashfellonPompeiithatitbecameinvisible.,presentparticiplephrase,adverbialmodifier,Partonetextanalysis,Forthreedaysthesundidnotbreakthroughthecloudsofvolcanicashthatfilledthesky.Suchanamountofashfloatedintheskythatthesuncouldntbeseenfor3days.,thelargeamountofvolcanicashthatwasfloatingintheairlookinglikeclouds,relativeclause,2.cloudofvolcanicashthelargeamountofvolcanicashthatwasfloatingintheairandlookedlikecloud-ofdust;-ofsmoke;-ofsteam3.fillaplace:thereisnospaceleft.eg.Crowdsofthefansfilledthestreet.(fig.)Thesmellofroastedduckfilledthekitchen.Attheweekends,happysoundsfilledthehouse.,Partonevocabulary,perishv.todie,especiallyinasuddenviolentwaye.g.Thewholecrewperishedinthestorm.tobelostordestroyede.g.Thousandsofbuildingshaveperishedintheviolentearthquake.,1.Beneaththeprotectingshroudofash,thecitylayintact.shroud(n/v)v.a.tocoverorhidesth.b.tohideinformationorkeepitsecretandmysteriousThecitywasshroudedinmist.Hact:nodamageandcomplete-intactness(n.)Theglassesremainedintactafterbeingdropped.Paragraphing:Thecityremainedasithadbeenbeforetheeruption.Ithadbeenprotectedbythethicklayerofashthatburiedthecitydeep.2.inplace:initsusualorcorrectpositionThebookswereallinplaceontheshelves.Letsputthechairsinplace.,Partonetextanalysis,EverythingwasasithadbeenthedayVesuviuserupted.was:whenitwasrediscoveredin1748hadbeen:whentheeruptionstruckin79AD,thepastperfecttense,usedtomakeitclearthatoneeventhappenedbeforeanotherinthepast,stain,n.1.污点，污迹，瑕疵，污垢，污渍2.色斑，斑痕Thestainonhisshirtisdifficulttocleanoff.他衬衣上的污点很难去除掉。Itwillremainanindeliblestainonhismemory.这将成为他记忆中一个不可磨灭的污点。v.变（肮）脏，（被）染污，（被）沾污，弄脏Thiscarpetstainseasily,sotrynottospillanythingonit.这块地毯很容易弄脏,所以请尽量避免把东西溅到上面。Hiscrimesstainedthefamilyhonour.他的罪行玷污了他家庭的名誉。,Partonetextanalysis,TogotoPompeiitodayistotakeatripbackwardintime.WhenyougotoPompeiitodayitisliketimetravellingbackinhistory.,Partonetextanalysis,Seehowtheauthorrecreatethesceneofthecitywithavividdepiction.Youcanalmostheartheclatterofhorseshoofsonthenarrowstreets,thecriesofchildrenandthelaughteroftheshopkeepers.,etolife:(ofaplace)tobecomefilledwiththeenergyandexcitementofactivepeople.Thehousecomestolifewhenevertheirgrandchildrencometovisitit.Theparkcomestolifewhenthetouristsvisitit.2.beinport:stopattheseaportstoloadandunloadcargocomeintoport;enterport;leaveport,Paragraph6,shimmer(para.6),toshineinsuchawaythatthelightseemstoshakeslightlyandquicklye.g.Shecouldseeherreflectioninthewater,shimmeringinthemoonlight.Compareshimmerwithotherverbslikesparkle,twinkleandglisten.,DetailedAnalysis,TextAnalysis,Partonetextanalysis,SuchwasPompeiionitslastday.Invertedsentence:redictative+linkv.+subjectPompeiiwassuch(Pompeiiwaslikethat)onitslastday.,Agoodimaginationisallyouneedtorestoreittoactivity.,Thestolengoodswereallrestoredtotheirowners.被偷窃的东西都归还给原主了。2.Thehousehasbeenrestoredtoitsoriginalsplendor.这座房子已经恢复了当初的光彩。3.Thecitywasfinallyrestoredtotranquility.这座城市最后终于恢复了平静。,TextAnalysis,restoresth.tosth.(para.7),Paraphrasing:Ifyouhaveagoodimaginationyouwillbeabletoimaginewhatwasgoingonthesights,sounds,smellsandactivitiesofabusy,prosperousRomantown.,arena:thecentralareaofanancientRomanwherecontestsandspectacleswereheld,gladiator:(ancientRome)aprofessionalcombatantoracaptivewhoentertainedthepublicbyengaginginmortalcombat,Parttwotextanalysis,Thechildrenheadedtowardschool,carryingslatesandfollowedbytheirdogs.,presentparticiplephrase,Subject-Predicaterelation,pastparticiple,Verb-ObjectRelation,1.forum:themarketplaceorpublicplaceofancientRomancityformingthecenterofjudicialandpublicbusinessmodernEnglish:apublicmeetingorlectureinvolvingaudiencediscussion.,Paragraph8,merchant:abusinesspersonengagedinretailtrade,retailmerchant零售商awholesalemerchantThemerchantsofArabaredoingtheirthingsalloftheworld.阿拉伯商人在世界各地做生意。,Thelettershouldbeonitswaytoyou.那封信该快到你那里了。Weheardontheradiothatastormmaybeonitsway.我们听收音机上说,一场暴风雨就要到来.Buttragedywasgoingtostrikethetown.,Buttragedywasonitsway.,onitsway,Parttwotextanalysis,BeneathVesuviusvine-coveredslopesamightyforcewasabouttobreakloose.Underthemountaincoveredwithvines,astrongforcewhichhadbeentrappedforyearswasgoingtobereleased.,blowup:causetoburstwithaviolentreleaseofenergy;,Theterroristsarethreateningtoblowupthehijackedairliner.恐怖分子扬言要炸毁劫持的客机。Canyoulendmeapumptoblowupmybicycletyres?你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗?blowupafire煽动,Themountainblewup,rainingdeathonthousands.DowninPompeii,fourmilesfromthesummit,atremendousexplosionwasheard.,summit(para.9),otherpopularusagesofsummit:animportantformalmeetingbetweenleadersofgovernmentsfromtwoormorecountriesasummitmeetingWorldleaderswillmeetnextweekfortheirannualeconomicsummit.thehighest,mostsuccessfulormostimportantpointinsomethingIcertainlyhaventreachedthesummitofmycareer.,DetailedAnalysis,TextAnalysis,Parttwotextanalysis,Theystaredateachother,puzzled,troubled.,confused,notknowingwhatwasgoingon,worried,feelingthatitwasunusual,Parttwotextanalysis,Ablackcloudwasrisingfromtheshatteredsummitofthemountain.Thetopofthemountainwasbrokenintopiecesandablackcloudwasgoingupfromit.,branchout,varyinordertoexpand;tostarttodoanactivitythatyoumaynotdonebeforeespeciallyinyourworkorbusiness.,扩大，扩展,涉足（新工作），扩展（新业务）,Idecidedtobranchoutonmyown.,我决定自主创业。,dieaway,tobecomegraduallyweakerorfainterandfinallydisappear,e.g.Thesoundoftheirlaughterdiedaway.,diedowndieoffdieout,diedown:tobecomegraduallylessstrong,loud,noticeable,etc.dieoff:todieoneaftertheotheruntiltherearenoneleft.dieout:tostopexisting.,PhrasesandExpressions,Theflamesfinally_.Thespecieshasnearly_becauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.Theyhadtowatchtheiryoungfamily_throughlackoffoodandpropermedicalattention.,diedown,dieout,dieoff,17.reverberate-reverberation,v.1.(sound)toberepeatedseveraltimesasitisreflectedoffdifferentsurfaces.,e.g.:Hisvoicereverberatedaroundthehall.,2.toseemtoshakebecauseofaloudnoise.,e.g.:Thehallreverberatewiththesoundofmusicanddancing.,Pourdown:,flowdown,e.g.:Suddenlytherewasastartlingflashofbrightlightening,andthunderrolled.Rainstartedtopourdown.,突然间电闪雷鸣，大雨倾盆而下。,Thesepoureddownasthoughtherehadbeenasuddencloudburst.,Thereweresomanystonespouringdownthattheylooklikeasuddenandheavyrain.,Parttwotextanalysis,Anhourwentbyanddarknessstillshroudedeverything.Allwasconfusion.Ithadbeenanhourandeverythingwasstillcoveredwithdarkness.Thewholecitywasplunged/thrownintochaos.,covered,outoforder,inchaos,Parttwotextanalysis,ThepeopleofPompeiinowknewthatdoomwasathand.,athand:closetoyouintimeordistancee.g.Thehighmountainseemstobecloseathandlookingfromhere.,ThepeopleofPompeiinowknewthatthiswasadisastertheycouldntsurvive;deathwasneartothem.,Parttwovocabulary,collapsev.togiveway,tofalldownsuddenlye.g.Theirroofcollapsedinthemiddleofthenightundertheweightofthesnow.tobecomeunconsciousandfalldowne.g.Sheseemedsoweakandabouttocollapseanytime.tofailsuddenlyorcompletel