2015中央电大现代文员专业《现代文员基础》期末复习考试试题及答案

中央电大现代文员专业现代文员基础期末复习考试试题及答案一、 判断（正确的选A,错误的选B，每题1分，共10分）1 古典管理学派持“经济人”的人性假设观点。（ A ）A正确B错误2 在信息时代，组织的信息资源是无限的。（ B ）A正确B错误3.无形资源具有有形的价值。（ A ）A正确B错误4.目标管理是一种结果式管理。（ A ）A正确B错误5.部门划分应力求量多。（ B ）A正确B错误6.人员的开发就是从组织外部招聘组织所需的人员。（ B）A正确B错误7.一般来说，机械式组织结构在稳定的环境运作中最为有效，有机式的组织结构则与动态的、不确定的环境相匹配。（ A ）A正确B错误8.可持续发展理论要求人类在生产时应尽可能地多投入、多产出，在消费时应该尽可能地少利用、少排放。（ B ）A正确B错误9.实际绩效出正偏差是因为员工努力工作的结果。（ B ）A正确B错误10.统驭权来源于领导者个人的品质和才能。（ A ）A正确B错误二、单选（在下列各题的备选答案中，只有一项是正确的，每题1分，共10分）1.法约尔认为，无论对哪一件工作来说，一个下属人员只应接受一个领导的命令，这是哪项原则的要求（ D ）A权力和责任B纪律C集中D统一指挥2.通过“生铁搬运试验”，泰罗创立了（ A ）A科学管理理论B权变管理学派C一般管理理论D管理组织理论3.在组织各项资源中，处于核心地位的是（ A ）A人力资源B金融资源C物资资源D信息资源4.关于公司总经理与中层管理人员之间的区别，下列哪种说法更为贴切？（ D ）A总经理比中层管理人员更需要人际技能B总经理比中层管理人员更需要自由行为权C总经理比中层管理人员更需要掌握公司经营问题的信息D总经理比中层管理人员更需要掌握概念技能5.具有极大的偶然性、不确定性且无先例可循的决策是（ B ）A程序型决策B非程序型决策C确定型决策D高层决策6.企业在每年的生产旺季需要征召季节工的决策属于（ A ）A程序型决策B非程序型决策C战略决策D无需决策7.一个组织的规章条例越多、越完善，则该组织结构的哪方面程度越高（ A ）A正规化B复杂化C集权化D分权化8.制造企业将工程、会计、制造、人事和采购等方面的专家分别组合到不同的部门中来建立工厂的组织结构，这种划分部门的依据是（ A ）A职能B顾客C产品D人数9.上级管理者可以把任务和权力分派给下级，但不可以把责任也分派给下级，对行为要形成一种约束机制，这是授权时应遵循的（ C ）A明确责任原则B不可超级原则C责任的绝对性原则D适度原则10.团队型的领导风格是（ D ）A1.9B9.1C5.5D9.9三、 多选（在下列各题的备选答案中，至少有2项是正确的，多选、漏选、错选，该小题均不得分。每小题2分，共10分）1在管理者角色中，明茨柏格把信息传递方面的角色概括为（ ABC ）A监听者B传播者C发言人D联络者E谈判者2.下列属于部门计划的是（ BC ）A企业年度的生产经营计划B企业销售部门的年度销售计划C生产车间的生产计划D企业某产品的研发计划E企业预算3.下列哪些情形应该考虑促进组织的分权（ A BC D ）A组织规模扩大B组织活动分散化C组织环境复杂多变D维护政策与命令的一致性E培养后备的管理队伍4.与组织的职位特性相关的领导权力包括（ABC ）A法定权B强制权C奖赏权D专长权E归属权5.管理发展的总趋势可以概括为以下方面（ ABC ）A管理理念的人本化B管理手段的柔性化C管理运营的虚拟化D管理手段的刚性化E中小企业的崛起四、 问答题（每小题8分，共56分）（答案需进一步加以简述）1、 试述考评的原则。（P160）答：（1）考评指标的客观性原则；（2）考评方法的可行性原则；（3）考评时间的适当性原则；（4）考评结果的反馈性原则2. 试述马斯洛需要层次论的主要观点。（P200） 答：主要观点有三个方面：（1）人类有五种基本需要，即生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、尊重需要和自我实现的需要。（2）需要是有层次的。（3）行为是由优势需要决定的。3. 什么是控制？控制的基本过程。（P232、P247）答：控制的含义：简单地说，控制就是要纠正偏差，使组织的各项活动都能按照预定的计划进行。控制的基本过程：确定控制标准；衡量实际工作；分析衡量结果；采取管理行动。4. 试述目标评定的要求。（P80）答：上级的评定要全面公正，否则将影响下级的工作热情；评定的结果要与经济责任制和人事管理相结合，奖优罚劣要及时和分明；及时反馈信息是提高目标管理水平的重要保证。5. 什么是决策？试述决策的一般过程。（P83 P90）答：决策的含义：决策，是指为了达到一定的目标，从两个以上的备选方案中选择一个合理方案的分析判断过程。决策的过程：识别问题；确定决策标准；给标准分配权重；拟定方案；分析方案；选择方案；实施方案；评价决策效果。6. 试述权变理论学派的基本观点。（P22）答：权变理论实际上是一种情势理论。它所要研究的是组织管理中各种变量以及它们之间的相互关系，它强调的是组织的多变性，并力图了解组织在变化的条件下和在特殊的情境中的运营情况，最终目的是寻求最适合具体情况的组织设计和管理行为。它的实质是要示组织能够尽可能地做到具体情况具体分析，因人、因事、因不同的情境而采取不同的组织模式和管理方式，而绝非是千篇一律或因循守旧。7. 什么是冲突？试述冲突管理的一般原则。（P216、P220）答 ：冲突的含义：冲突是两个或两个以上的社会单元在目标上互不相容或相互排斥，从而产生心理上或行为上的矛盾。冲突管理的一般原则：（1）识别难以阻止和不必阻止的冲突现象。（2）以控制内部的现实性冲突为主要管理目标。（3）确认一个适宜的冲突水平。五、分析题（14题）案例 关于裁员计划的冲突 某机械设备厂上半年出现严重的亏损，年底还要还清一大笔银行的贷款。在实行了两个多月的节约计划失败以后，总经理袁斌决定紧急裁减百分之十的员工，并要求在各部门和各工厂将裁员的名单在一周内上交总公司。该公司的阀门厂厂长方明认为裁减计划不适合阀门厂。为此他与总经理袁斌发生了冲突。 方明：我认为我们厂应免于裁员。哪个单位亏损就让哪个单位裁员，这样才显得公平。 袁斌：这次裁员是强制性的措施，任何部门和单位都不能够例外。 方明：可是我们厂完成的销售额超过预期的百分之五，利润也到达指标。我们的合同订货量很大，需要扩大生产能力。 方明：我知道你们过去的成绩不错，但你要认识到你们的业绩是和公司其他单位提供的资源以及密切的合作分不开的；况且如果每一个厂长或部门经理都象你这样找出各种理由，公司的减缩计划就不能成功。 袁斌：但你的裁员计划会毁掉我们阀门厂。我不想解雇任何人，你要裁员就从我开始吧。 方明和袁斌不欢而散。方明在考虑解聘袁斌，但又觉得无法向董事会解释原因，为此他感到两难的境地。 思考分析： （）你认为方明和袁斌的冲突是什么原因造成的？ （）如果袁斌既不想让方明离开公司，又要推动公司裁员计划的实施，你有什么好的建议？答：（1）冲突是指两个过两个以上的主体在目标上互不相容或相互排斥，从而产生心理上或行为上的矛盾。从案例中可以看出，袁斌和方明的冲突是在目标一致的基础上由于看法、方法不一致而产生的冲突，这是一种建设性冲突。双方都想让公司更好的运转，但是对是否在阀门厂裁员这一点上，双方的意见和看法和方法不一致。建设性冲突的发生和结果，对组织是有积极意义的。但即使是建设性冲突，如果冲突水平过高，或者不善处理的话，它也会向破坏性冲突转变。袁斌和方明之间的冲突水平明显升级了，必须要进行妥善的处理。才不至于影响大局。（2）对于袁斌，他既不想让方明离开公司，又要推动裁员计划的实施；而方明也想把阀门厂做得更好，应该说双方的目标是一致的。那么袁斌和方明可以从以下方面努力：1.协商。进行一次开诚布公的交流，积极倾听对方的意见并反馈，讨论裁员与否的得与失，双方都要顾全大局，以探讨出一个双方都能接受的合理方案；2.妥协。必须考虑到阀门厂的现实，那就是“完成超过预期产量的百分之五，利润达到指标，订货量大，需要扩大生产能力”。因此在裁员的方案中可以考虑向阀门厂倾斜；3.树立更高目标。可以在满足或部分满足方明的基础上向方明提出更高的成本上和效益上的要求，以此来提高方明的责任感和使命感，从而对方明和阀门厂的员工有更高激励。4.第三者仲裁。必要时可以请董事会出面加以仲裁。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Shanghais Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the citys history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.Huangpu River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghais other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a commercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the citys history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in peoples living conditions. Where the Bund began In-between the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and criss-cross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire complex of this historical site comprises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a two-storey masonry building on an H-shaped plan in typical English renaissancestyle. The building is designed with a five-arch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf where dinner and afternoonteaare available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees.Yuanmingyuan Road behind the complex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and high-end brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Today, it is a popular location for commercialfashionphoto shoots. New Tianan Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the English countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the concession period but was converted into factory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2007. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filled-in and is now a small garden. Bridge of romance There is perhaps no other place thats more representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot ofmovies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their pre-wedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soon-to-be-wed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect shot.Colorful lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for pre-wedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British company, the 106-meter-long bridge was the first-ever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to complaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffic artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overcome all the twists and turns and its journey will be safe and smooth throughout his or her life. Waibaidu Bridge is always the best option because its the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. Its like a family tradition, says Wang Xuefen, a Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Riverside There is a 5-km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has become a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an overpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3-km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. Jogging on the two sides gives a different feeling because the north side is next to the creek, and the south side is adjacent to the residential highrises, which is like jogging in the jungle, says Xiao Xu, a 27-year-old woman who lives nearby. The riverside used to be completely different. Dozens of textile mills, chemical plants and machine manufacturing factories were set up along the creek in the 1920s. They brought industrialization but also pollution. From the 1930s the creek could no longer be used as a source for tap water, and no living fish or shrimp could be found. Suzhou Creek in my memory is dark and smelly. I used to go to the riverbank to watch the sewage disposal running out from the chemical plants when I was a little girl. We didnt know it was pollution. We thought it was a red waterfall, says Huang Qi, a 57-year-old Shanghai resident. So the residential houses along the creek were unpopular, and only migrants with low incomes would live in that area, she says. However, things have changed. The plants were closed and turned into riverside parks and the apartments in the new highrises, especially those facing the creek, are much sought after. East China University of Political Science and Law This is the famous f