装载机介绍(英文)

Loaders一、 Basic Concept .A loader is a type of construction equipment (engineering vehicle) machinery that is primarily used to load material into another type of machinery (dump truck, conveyor belt, rail-car, etc.).Loaders are used mainly for uploading materials into trucks, laying pipe, clearing rubble, and digging. A loader is not the most efficient machine for digging as it cannot dig very deep below the level of its wheels, like a backhoe can. Their deep bucket can usually store about 3-6 cubic meters of earth. The front loaders bucket capacity is much bigger than a bucket capacity of a backhoe loader. Loaders are not classified as earthmoving machinery, as their primary purpose is other than earthmoving.Unlike most bulldozers, most loaders are wheeled and not tracked, although track loaders are common. They are successful where sharp edged materials in construction debris would damage rubber wheels, or where the ground is soft and muddy. Wheels provide better mobility and speed and do not damage paved roads as much as tracks, but provide less traction.Unlike standard tractors fitted with a front bucket, many large loaders do not use automotive steering mechanisms. Instead, they steer by a hydraulically actuated pivot point set exactly between the front and rear axles. This is referred to as articulated steering and allows the front axle to be solid, allowing it to carry greater weight. Articulated steering provides better maneuverability for a given wheelbase. Since the front wheels and attachment rotate on the same axis, the operator is able to steer his load in an arc after positioning the machine, which can be useful. The loader assembly may be a removable attachment or permanently mounted. Often the bucket can be replaced with other devices or tools-for example, many can mount forks to lift heavy pallets or shipping containers, and a hydraulically-opening clamshell bucket allows a loader to act as a light dozer or scraper.In construction areas loaders are also used to transport building materials - such as bricks, pipe, metal bars, and digging tools - over short distances.Loaders are also used for snow removal, using their bucket or a snowbasket, but usually using a snowplow attachment. They clear snow from streets, highways and parking lots. They sometimes load snow into dump trucks for transport.Front loaders gained popularity during the last two decades, especially in urban engineering projects and small earthmoving works. Many engineering vehicle manufacturers offer a wide range of loaders, the most notable are those of John Deere, Caterpillar, Case, Volvo, Komatsu and Liebherr.二、Bucket Features1. Edge steel with extra hardened and toughened wear plates of up to 500 Brinell gives the bucket longer operating life.2.Bucket shell and side plates of up to 400 Brinell to withstand abrasive wear. Reinforced mounting points where the attachment is installed give less wear.3.Bucket cutting edges of abrasive-resistant steel of up to 500 Brinell. Replaceable bolt-on wear plates on bucket floor,500 Brinell.4.Bolt-on edge savers and segments protect the cutting edge from unnecessary wear.5.Volvo Tooth System with bolt-on or weld-on adapters of up to 515 Brinell gives excellent penetration and less bucket wear.三 Skid-steer Loader Features1. The round-back bucket design is stronger with no angled corners. This configuration makes it easier to fill and dump improving productivity.2. The ROPS/FOPS structure protects and shields the operator.3. A total of four exterior lights help to illuminate any job site day or night.4. A safety system locks lift, tilt and drive systems when the operator leaves the seat, raises the seat bar, or turns off the ignition switch. The brakes are wet-type multiple discs that require no maintenance.5. Heavy-duty tires are standard matching the durability of the skid-steer.6. The rugged all-welded unitized frame is constructed of .375-inch gauge steel for years of productivity. Step bushings are placed in all key pivot areas to increase strength and reduce stress.7. A wider wheelbase provides for a smooth ride and more balance for stability with heavier loads. A 9-inch ground clearance allows easy maneuverability through mud and other terrain.8. Hydraulic lines are protected within the loader arm.9. Mustang features a self-leveling vertical lift.10. The advanced hydraulic system affords longer service intervals and comes with a sight glass for quick and easy fluid level inspections.11. A drop-down step makes it convenient to check engine and maintenance points.四 New Technology of Wheel Loader1 IntroductionKomatsu-integrated design offers the best value, reliability, and versatility. Hydraulics, powertrain, frame, and all other major components are engineered by Komatsu. You get a machine whose components are designed to work together for higher production, greater reliability, and more versatility. Komatsus highly productive, innovative technology, environmentally friendly machines built for the 21st century.2.High Productivity and Low Fuel Consumption1Two Mode Engine Power Select System This wheel loader offers two selectable engine operating modes Normal and Power. The operator can adjust the machines engine performance to match the condition requirements. This system is controlled with a dial on the right side control panel.（1） Normal Mode: provides maximum fuel efficiency for most general loading conditions.（2）Power Mode: provides maximum power output for hard digging conditions or hill climb operations.2Automatic Transmission with Four Mode Select System This operator controlled system allows the selection of manual shifting or three levels of automatic shifting modes (low, medium, and high). The operator can match the machines operating requirements with optimum performance efficiency. This system is controlled with a dial on the right side of the control panel.（1）Manual: The transmission is fixed to the gear speed and selected with the gear shift lever.（2）Auto Low: Low mode provides smooth gear shifting at low engine speeds suitable for general excavating and loading while offering reduced fuel consumption.（3）Auto Medium: Medium mode provides gear shifting at mid-range engine speeds required for more aggressive conditions.（4）Auto High: High mode provides maximum rim pull and fast cycle times by shifting the transmission at high engine speeds. This mode is suitable for hill-climb and load and carry operations.3.Dual-Speed Hydraulic SystemKomatsus automatic dual-speed hydraulic system increases operational efficiency and productivity by matching the hydraulic demands to the work conditions.（1） Digging Operations Engine power used to operate the switch pump is transferred to the transmission to provide increased rimpull when digging.（2） Lifting Operations The switch pump assists the loader pump to provide increased lifting speed and power when lifting and loading.五、Increased Reliability 1. Komatsu Components Komatsu manufactures the engine, torque converter, transmission, hydraulic units, and electrical parts on this wheel loader. Komatsu loaders are manufactured with an integrated production system under a strict quality control system.2. Flat Face-to-Face O-Ring Seals Flat face-to-face O-ring seals are used to securely seal all hydraulic hose connections and prevent oil leakage. 3.Cylinder Buffer Rings Buffer rings are installed to the head-side of the all-hydraulic cylinders to lower the load on the rod seals, prolong cylinder life by 30% and maximize overall reliabili