现代大学英语精读6 Lesson 1 How to Get the Poor off Our Conscience

HowtoGetthePooroffOurConscience,JohnKennethGalbraith,JohnKennethGalbraith(1908-2006),Aneconomist,author,professor,presidentialcounselorandU.S.ambassadortoIndiaThe“lastAmericanInstitutionalist”anunabashedpopularizerofeconomicsTheAffluentSociety(1958)2000thePresidentialMedalofFreedom,theU.S.governmentshighestcivilianhonor.,JohnKennethGalbraith,DiscussionandPre-classWorks:,Whydoyouthinktheauthorchoosethistitle?（Wealthsituation)Whatdoyouthinkofthegapsinwealthbetweentherichandthepoor?Isthereanywaytosolvethisproblem?,Detailedstudy:I(1-2):*Getthepooroffourconscience:conscience,asenseofrightandwrong,withanurgetodoright*intellectual:appealingtotheintellectII(3-9):*Thepoorsufferintheworldbut:inthenext,aftertheydie;whentheygotothenextworld,i.e.heavenorparadise*Thisis,insomeways,anadmirablesolution.:why?Anddoestheauthorreallythinkthatthisisanadmirablesolution?(Discussaboutit)*“theprincipleofutility”:anartionisjudgedbywhetheritwillincreaseordecreasethebenefitsofthosewhoareaffectedbytheaction.*Povertybeingcausedinthebed:Povertywascausedbyoverproductionofchildren.*overriding:Prevailing,*TheAmericanBeautyRosecanbe:美国这朵玫瑰花后以其华贵让观众倾倒、赞不绝口。而她之所以能被培植出来，就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾给掐掉了。在经济生活中情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝意志在起作用。III(10-11)WhatwastheRooseveltrevolution?Whydoestheauthorcallitarevolution?Ishefororagainsttherevolution?Howdoyouknow?Howdidpeoplefeelwhenanumberofsocialmeasureswereputintopractice?Weretheyrightinthinkingso?IV(12-20)Whatistheargumentofthefirstdesign?Essence?*Wehavegreatcorporatebureaucraciesrepletewithcorporatebureaucrats,(Whenthese,allbeeninthePantagon.):Whatisthebasicviewoftheauthor?Whatisthetoneofthisstatement?,Whatistheseconddesign?Doestheauthoragreetotheargument?Whatistheargumentofthethirddesign?Howdosetheauthorrefutethisargument?*corporateexecutive:企业经理人员*Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth-butevenmoreofconvenience:Beliefcanbeusedinthesearchfortruth.Butmoreoftenthannotitisacceptedbecauseitisconvenienceandself-serving.Whatisthefourthdesign?*Finally,whenallelsefails,weresorttosimplepsychologicaldenial:最终，当一切办法都无济于事时，我们就干脆装作没看见。*All,saveperhapsthelast,:save:(prep.)except,*A.F.D.C.:对有未成年子女家庭的补助*foodstamps:食品券*WorkersCompensation:工人（失业）补助金*subsidizedhousing:住房补贴*disabilityinsurance:伤残保险*Cuttheknot,forthereisnowaytountieit:这是一堆解不开的疙瘩，只能快刀斩乱麻，统统取消。V(21)Compassion,istheleastcomfortable,theleastconvenientcourseofbehaviorandactioninourtime.:同情心，加上与之相关的社会努力是我们这个时代最麻烦、最令人不快的行为和行动方针。*Also,itis,intheend,themosttrulyconservativecourse.Totheextentthat,aboveall,shouldyearn.:Whydosetheauthorthinkitisthemosttrulyconservativecourse?Whydosetheauthorsay“Thereisnoparadoxhere”?,DiscussionTopic:,Istheproblemofwealthgapsbetweentherichandthepooraworld-wideproblem?Whatdoyousuggesttoreleasethisproblem?,Stylisticanalysis:(W