关于约翰.弥尔顿(John_Milton)作品及生平的英文PPT演示课件

JohnMilton(1608-1674),LifeWorksMiltonsReputation,1,-bornon1608,London,England-ascrivenerfamily,puritan-sixchildren,oneofthethreewhosurvived,Johnsfamily,2,MiltonsCambridgeandHortondays,atage16Cambridge.fineststudentIn1632,MiltonreceivedhisB.A.In1629，Latin,Greek,French,Italian,andHebrew（希伯来语）,Cambridgetobecomeaclergyman(牧师),buthewasdissuadedfromthisoccupationdueto“tyranny”（专制统治）inthechurch.So,Miltonspentthe6yearsaftergettinghisM.A.readingtheGreekandLatinclassics,andstudyingmathematicsandmusic.,3,Literarylife,In1637,hevisitedItalyandmetGalileo.HereturnedtoEngland1639andbegantothinkaboutwritinganArthurianepic,hegavethatideaupsoonandwavered（动摇）betweenwritingonBiblical（圣经）subjectsandheroicfiguresinBritishhistory.In1640,hedecidedtowriteonParadiseLost.,4,PublishedpamphletsinjustifyingtheexecutionofCharlesILatinsecretaryofforeignaffairsIn1652MiltonhadbecometotallyblindIn1660therestorationCharlesII,regicide,inprison,saved.,5,onehusband,threewivies,In1642,Milton(34)marriedMaryPowell(17)In1645,heandhiswifereconciled,daughterAnnewasbornin1646.In1652,becameblind,onlysonandwifedied.,In1656,heremarried,butshediedinchildbirthayearlater,endingthehappiesttimeinMiltonslife.,In1663,Miltongotathirdwife,sincehisrebelliousdaughterswouldnotcareforhim.,6,Onthedaybeforehis66thbirthday,November8,1674,Miltondiedofgout-fever.HewasburiedintheChurchofSt.Giles,Cripplegate,besidehisfather.,7,约翰弥尔顿JohnMilton,约翰弥尔顿（JohnMilton16081674）,17世纪英国杰出的诗人和思想家，是继莎士比亚后最伟大的诗人，称雄与动荡的充满激情和暴力的17世纪,8,Miltonsliterary,1625-1640:earlypoems,1640-1660:pamphlets,1660-1674:ParadiseLost(1665),ParadiseRegained(1671),SamsonAgonistes(1671).,9,OntheMorningofChristsNativity基督诞生晨颂1629LAllegro快乐的人，1632lPenseroso沉思的人，1632,-lyricalpoems-cheerfulsocialandthemeditativesolitarymood,Comus科玛斯,1634-blankversetobesettomusicandperformed,Lycida利西达斯，1638-anelegy(哀诗)forhisfriend-attackthecorruptclergyofhistimeandprophesytheirruin,Earlypoems,10,约翰弥尔顿JohnMilton,1639年，英国革命即将爆发，他返回英国。随后的20多年中，他积极投身英国革命，发表了大量的散文和政论文，为英国革命和共和政府奔走呼吁,11,pamphlets,-Hisfirstentryintopoliticalconflict-Pamphletsonmarriage-Areopagitica-MiltonsworkasthespokesmanoftheRevolution-Hislastpamphlets,12,OftheReformatiominEnglandBackgroudchurchofEnglandwasmajoybulwark(保护者)ofthemonarchy.Vigorousattacksweremadeonthechurchandthekingmaintainthenecessityofthoroughreligiousreform,Hisfirstentryintopoliticalconflict,13,Pamphletsonmarriage,DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce离婚的戒律和学说1643BackgroudgettingtroubleinhismarriageMaintainshowhighrespectforwomanincompathtibilityshouldbemadelegalreasonfordivorce,14,Areopagitica论出版自由1644BackgroudIn1644，thePresbyteriansinParliamenthadre-establishedthecensorshipbookbeforpublishedMaintainfreedom-adeclareofpeoplesfreedomofthepress;-aweapondemocraticrevolutionarystruggle,Areopagitica,15,MiltonsworkasthespokesmanoftheRevolution,DefenceoftheEnglishPeople为英国人民声辩1651,vsKingSecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople再为英国人民声辩，1654.Forenglandsliberty,16,约翰弥尔顿JohnMilton,1652年，他双目逐渐失明。1660年王政复辟，弥尔顿被捕入狱，但很快被释放。从此开始了他第三时期的创作，先后完成了最著名的以圣经故事为题材的三部长篇诗作失乐园,复乐园和力士参孙,17,ParadiseLost,ParadiseLost”isMiltonsmasterpieceItisalongepicin12books,writteninblankverse.ThestoryweretakenfromtheOldTestament,18,Maincharacters,Adam:thefirsthumanbeing,createdbyGodbyhisownhandandbreathEve:themotherofallmankind,havingbeenmadebyGodfromAdamsribGod:theCreatoroftheuniverse,ofangels,Heaven,Hell,andman.TheSupremeBeing,omniscient,omnipotent,omnipresent,andrulerofallSatan:formerlyoneofthehighestrankingangels,butenvydrovehimtorebelagainstGod.originatorofevil,adversaryofGod,anddestroyerofEden.,?,19,Satanformerlyoneofthehighestrankingangels,butenvydrovehimtorebelagainstGod.originatorofevil,adversaryofGod,anddestroyerofEden.,20,耶稣是上帝的独生子，代表着圣洁，是真善美的象征。撒旦是邪恶的象征，各种不好欲念或行为的象征。耶稣和撒旦是同时存在于这个世界上，撒旦给过刚刚受洗的耶稣三个试探希望他投靠自己，但最后都没有成功。,21,God耶和华theCreatoroftheuniverse,ofangels,Heaven,Hell,andman.TheSupremeBeing,omniscient,andrulerofallthelife,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,charactersanalysis,Satancomplexandsubtle,almostheroicintheearlierportionofthepoem,grandandmajesticinappearance,fearlessincharacter.heslinksbacktoHellasanuglyserpent.,30,AdamandEve,AdammoremorallyintelligentthanEveAdamisgivenaglimpseofthefutureofmankindEveInapositivesense,sheisthemodelofagoodsubjectandwife.SheconsentstoAdamleadingherawayfromherreflectionwhentheyfirstmeet,trustingAdamsauthorityintheirrelationshipuntilsheisinfluencedbySatan.,31,Thirstforknowledgeanfreedom,Satan:HewantstoknowsomethingabouttheTreeofKnowledgereflectsthathelongsforknowledge.Healsowantstoobtainthefreedom.Adam“DothGodexactday-labor,lightdenied?”Ifondlyask;butPatiencetopreventThatmurmur,soonreplies,“GoddothnotneedEithermansworkorhisowngift;whobestBearhismildyoke,theyservehimbest.HisstateIskingly.ThousandsathisbiddingspeedAndpostoerlandoceanwithoutrest:Theyalsoservewhoonlystandandwait.”,43,我这样考虑到：末及半生，就已然在黑暗广大的世界里失去了光明，同时那不运用就等于死亡的才能对我已无用，纵然我灵魂更愿用它来侍奉造我的上帝，并奉献我的真心，否则他回首斥训于是我呆问：“上帝不给光却要人在白天工作？”可是忍耐来阻拦这怨言，答道：“上帝不强迫人作工，也不收回赐予：谁最能接受他温和的约束，谁就侍奉得最好：他威灵显赫，命千万天使奔跑，赶过陆地和海洋，不稍停留：只站着待命的人，也是在侍奉。”,44,Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ThispoemwasmadewhenMiltonlosthiseyesight.Itsabouthismeditationoverhisblindness.,45,MiltonsReputation,Grewsteadilyafter1667andwaswellestablishedbeforeJosephAddisonspapersonParadiseLostappearedinTheSpectator(1712)Hisinfluenceon18th-centuryversewasimmenseSamuelJohnson:Itsperusalisadutyratherthanapleasure.WereadMiltonforinstruction,retireharassedandoverburdened,andlookelsewhereforrecreation;wedesertourmaster,andseekforcompanions,46,MiltonsReputation,ThepoetsinfluencewanedduringtheVictorianage,andinthe20thcenturythenewpoetryandcriticismlaunchedbyEzraPoundandT.S.Eliotwerestronglyanti-Miltonandpro-JohnDonne,47,MiltonsQuotes,1.Themindcanmakeaheavenoutofhellorahelloutofheaven.,思想可以把天堂变成地狱，也可以把地狱变成天堂。,48,MiltonsQuotes,3.Thechildhoodshowstheman,asmorningshowstheday.,从小能看大，就像清晨看白天。,49,MiltonsQuotes,6.Thebestapologyagainstfalseaccusersissilenceandsufferance,andhonestdeedssetagainstdishonestwords.,对虚假指控最有力的辩解，就是沉默与容忍，以及用诚实举动对抗不诚实的言词。,50,Thank,You!,51,耶稣诞生据基督教徒的圣书圣经说，上帝决定让他的独生子耶稣基督投生人间，找个母亲，然后就在人间生活，以便人们能更好地了解上帝、学习热爱上帝和更好地相互热爱。“圣诞节”的意思是“庆祝基督”，庆祝一个年轻的犹太妇女玛丽娅生下耶稣的时刻。玛丽娅已和木匠约瑟夫订婚。可是，在他们同居之前，约瑟夫发现玛丽娅已怀孕。因为约瑟夫是个正派的人，又不想把这件事说出去让她丢脸，所以他想悄悄地和她分耶稣诞生手。他正在考虑这事时，上帝的天使出现在他的梦中，对他说，“不要嘀咕了，把玛丽娅娶回家。她怀的孩子来自圣灵。她将生下个男孩子，你们给孩子起名叫耶稣，因为他将从罪恶中拯救人们。”当马利亚快要临盆的时候，罗马政府下了命令，全部人民到伯利恒务必申报户籍。约瑟和马利亚只好遵命。他们到达伯利恒时，天色已昏，无奈两人未能找到旅馆渡宿，只有一个马棚可以暂住。就在这时，耶稣要出生了！于是马利亚唯有在马槽上，生下耶稣。后人为纪念耶稣的诞生，便定十二月二十五为圣诞节，年年望弥撒，纪念耶稣的出世。尽管耶稣的确切生日并不清楚，大约是在2000年前，但是日历按着假定日期把时间分为公元前（耶稣基督诞生前）和公元后（A.D.是拉丁文缩写，意思是“有了我们主-耶稣的年代”）。在公元后的头三百年间，耶稣的生日是在不同的日子庆祝的。最后，在公元354年，教堂的领导人把12月25日定为耶稣基督的生日。十九世纪，圣诞卡的流行、圣诞老人的出现，圣诞节也开始流行起来了。,52,Thoughfeebler,heremainssuperiorinnobility,sinceheprefersindependencetohappyservility,andwelcomeshisdefeatandhistormentsasaglory,alibertyandajoy.ToMilton,theproudandsomberSatanrepresentedthespiritofrebellionagainstanunjustauthority.ByusingSatanashismouthpiece,MiltonisutteringhisintensehatredoftyrannyinthecapacityoftheRevolutionary.,53,“耶稣”是中文对于Jesus的翻译而“基督”则是耶稣的头衔之一，意思是救世主，默西亚。到了两约之间的时间(约公元前二世纪)，在犹太教的文献中显示，他们极渴望默西亚的来临，默西亚在这时的意思是雅威差派下来、像大卫王一样充满权能的救世者。他要拯救犹太人脱离罗马人的统治。但自从耶稣从死里复活后，一些追随耶稣的犹太人发现，雅威差派下来的默西亚不单要拯救犹太人，而且要拯救全世界的人，使凡信他的人得享永生，于是宣告耶稣是真正的默西亚，是基督，故称他为耶稣基督(JesusChrist)。中文译名方面，东正教根据希腊文译作“基利斯督”，而天主教和新教只取首末两个字。,54,ThefinestthinginParadiseLostisthedescriptionofhell,andSatanistherealheroofthepoem.Asaconqueredandbanishedgiant,heremainsobeyedandadmiredbythosewhofollowhimdowntohell.Itisalwaysfromhimthatdeepcounsels,unlooked-forresourcesandcourageousdeedsproceed.Itishewho,passingthroughtheguardedgatesofhellandboundlesschaos,amidsomanydangers,andovercomingsomanyobstacles,makesmanrevoltagainstGod.Thoughdefeated,heprevails,sincehehaswonfromGodthethirdpartofhisangels,andalmostallthesonsofAdam.,55,Writingskills,1.Grandstyle(宏大风格)sublimity(崇高)ofthoughtmajesty(雄伟)ofexpression2.Blankverse(无韵诗素体诗)unrhymed(不押韵的)iambicpentameter(抑扬格五音步)fivelong,unaccented(无重音的无抑扬的)syllables,eachfollowedbyashort,accentedone.,56,力士参孙(1671)是一出悲剧，取材于旧约士师记。参孙是以色列民族英雄，被妻子大利