时态 现在完成时

Present perfect Tense & Present perfect continuous TensePreview SheetPresent perfect Tense谓语构成：_ 现在完成时用法1、表示过去发生的事情但影响到目前或将来。 *I have just cleaned my clothes我刚洗过衣服。（cleaned是发生的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）。2、表示过去重复发生的动作也可以在将来重复发生 *He has handled every situation well. (we expect him to continue.)3、表示过去的动作不发生在过去但可能发生在将来，要使用否定式 not 或者 never *Yao hasnt returned to China since joining the Rockets. 4、表过去开始的动作一直延续的到现在的， 用时间状语连词for或者since. *I have been here for just over two years我到这里才两年多。用于现在完成时的句型1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次到访这个城市。 -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I have been here.2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.例：This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。现在完成进行时的用法一、现在完成进行时的构成方法现在完成进行时由“_”构成。二、现在完成进行时用法说明表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止：He_ television all day. 他看了一天电视了。He _ this work for three years. 这工作他已干了三年了。It _ since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。现在完成进行时 、现在完成时 & 过去时 的区别I 都可表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果： 现在进完成进行时：have/ has + been + V 进行时 表示的结果是直接：E.g. 1.we have been cleaning the classroom.我们打扫教室来着(其直接结果可能是：1.我们身上都是灰, 2.教室刚刚打扫.)2. Be careful! John has been painting the door. 约翰刚刚把门油漆过，(现在油漆还未干)，所以你要小心。 现在完成时：have/ has V.过去分词 表示的是最后的结果： E.g. 1. We have cleaned the classroom我们把教室打扫过了 (其结果是：1.现在教室很清洁，可以用了。2.可能表示教室是昨天打扫的)2.John has painted the door约翰已经把门油漆过。（油漆可能已干了）。 过去时Past Tense：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只是陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。E.g. We cleaned the classroom我们打扫教室过。(强调的是打扫教室的事情)II 现在完成进行时通常表示动作有延续性（一直），而现在完成时往往没有。 现在完成进行时：（表示动作延续到现在还在进行，没有完成）1、I have been waiting for a letter from my parents.我(一直)在等我父母的来信。2、It has been raining for three hours.雨（一直）下了三个小时了。3、We have been studying here since 2004. 自从2004年以来，我们(一直)在这里学习。4、They have been widening the road. 他们（一直）在加宽马路。（但尚未完工） 现在完成时：（表动作已经结束）1、I have waited for a letter from my parents.我在等我父母的来信。（可能已经等到）2、It has rained for three hours.雨（已经）下了三个小时了。（可能停了）3、We have studied here since 2004. 自从2004年以来，我们在这里学习。 过去时：表述以前发生的事情，对现在没有关系。）1、I waited for a letter from my parents.我等我父母的来信。（只说过去发生的事情。）2、It rained for three hours.雨（已经）下了三个小时了。（表昨天以前的一场雨。）3、We studied here in 2004. 2004年我们在这里学习。（这里不可以和since 连用）4、They widened the road. 他们加宽马路。（只是说过去发生的事情，动作没有对现在没有影响。）III 现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。例1 a）What have you been doing？ b）What have you done？a句表示惊异。 b句只是一个问题。例2 a） I have been wanting to meet you for long b） I have long wanted to meet you a比b更亲切，更有礼貌。例3 a） Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly b） Recently Mary has done her work regularly a句显然是在表扬玛丽。 b只说明一个事实。例4 a） Whos been eating my apples？b） Whos eaten my apples？a句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思 b句只是希望回答的一个问题。是完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了”。After-class Consolidation Sheet一、用所给词的适当形式填空1 They _ (move) to the south in 1990 and _ (live) there since then.2 Eric _ (leave) home last year and _ (just come) back.3 Justin _ (be) away from home for several days. He _(disappear) last Friday.4 They _(buy) this house three years ago and they _ (live) here since then.5 My brother _ (go) to see my grandpa last week. He _ (visit) him three times this month.二、选择填空1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the station?A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. do you wear2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays.” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written4. My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm.A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made5. This is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been C. have been going D. are being gone6. She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done7. Now that you _ , what are you going to do? A. are being returned B. have been returning C. have been returned D. have returned8. I _ the incident as if it were yesterday. A. am still to remember B. have still been remembering C. am being still remembered D. still remember9. Where_ the map? I cant see anywhere. I _ it right here just now.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; putC. had you put; was puttingD. were you putting; have put10. John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation. A. was just asked B. was just asking C. had just been asked D. had just asked11. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _ there ever since. A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been12. We _ fine weather for the past few days. A. have B. are having C. have been had D. have been having13. It _ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained14. By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines. A. turned out B. had turned out C. would turn out D. had been turned out15.Dont put the waste on the ground. Oh, Im very sorry. I _ the dustbin there. A. dont see B. isnt seeing C. didnt see D. havent seen16. Good heavens! There you are! We _ anxious about you. We _ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are; expect B. were; had expectedC. will be; are expectingD. have been; were expecting17. Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries