高考英语_名词性从句.ppt

Grammar,NounClauses,Howshouldweusemoderntechnology?Theproblemis,Theproblemishowweshouldusemoderntechnology.,WhenwillmanbeabletoliveonMars?.isunknowntousall.,WhenmanwillbeabletoliveonMarsisunknowntousall.,Wherewillalltheseadvancedtechnologyleadus?Icantimagine.,Icantimaginewherealltheseadvancedtechnologywillleadus.,1.连接词有：thatwhether和lf2.连接代词有：whowhomwhosewhichwhat等3.连接副词有：whenwherewhyhow等另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句。,名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实和问题。,名词性从句中的that没有词义，也不作任何成分。除引导宾从外，主从和表从中不省,宾语从句ObjectClause,表语从句Predicative,主语从句SubjectClasuse,同位语从句AppositiveClause,名词性从句NounClause,从句一律保持陈述语序,主语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1)Thattheearthisroundistrue.2)Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.3)Whathesaidsurprisedmemost.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)Itscertainthathewillsucceed.,7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.,8)Whentheyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,It的用法：（形式主语）Itpossible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itsaid/reportedthat据说/据报道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat已经通知/宣布Itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying.（俗话说）,Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesntconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdontagree.,“if”不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。,主语从句的“that”一般不能省。,“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后作表语的名词一致2）根据句子的语境而定。,_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How,2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where,3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto,4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.ThatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,熟读深思,1主语从句定义：主语从句就是指在另一个句子中充当主语的句子。它由连接词that,whether及特殊疑问词连接。改错：Whathewillcomeheretoseeusiscertain.(2)Ifheisfreenowisuncertain.(3)Itdoesntmatterhowhecanattendourmeeting.,2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）that,whether，if（that常可省略）连词：who,what,which,whoever,whateverwhen,where,why,how1).CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3).Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,归纳总结,规则3：特殊疑问词连接从句时，特殊疑问词用来表示询问某种情况。它来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分。2语序：主语从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。3时态：主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。,willbe,goes,wereplaying,havereturned,hadbeen,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be),wrote,hastaken,hadbeen,6.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be),熟读深思,2.宾语从句定义：在另一个句子中充当宾语的句子称为宾语从句。(1)HesaidthathewasfromHunanProvince.(2)Idontknowwhetherhecancomethisafternoon.(3)CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?(4)Idontknowwhatheisdoingnow.(5)WheredoyouthinkTomisfrom?,规则3：特殊疑问词从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分，如：(3)。2语序不论主句为何种句型，宾语从句用陈述句语序，如：(4)。3时态主句时态若为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态若为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。,归纳总结,3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whoever/which/whatever连接副词：when/where/why/how/because,Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.Tomorrowiswhenitwouldbemostconvenient.,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4Thereasonisbecause/why,that.,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,4同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；rumour；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用that/whether引导或连接副词when/where/why/how,Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.,3).SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,Ihavenoidea,whenhewillgetmarried.,howtheycangetthetreasure.,wheretheconcertwillbeheld.,whoisfitforthework.,whyithappened.,whichpenismine.,whatweshoulddonext.,whomtheyaretalkingabout.,whetheritllraintomorrow.,thatourfootballteamwonthegame.,WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1.同位语从句that只起连接作用，不作任何成分定语从句that是关系代词，起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2.同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明定语从句定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定3.同位语从句that不能省定语从句that在从句中作宾语时，可以省,Theideathatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.,1)Whatistheidea?,Theideaisthatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoices.,2)Whatsurprisesmanypeople?,i)Theideasurprisesmanypeople.,ii)Thatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.,2.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.,1)Whatisthepossibility?,Thepossibilityisthatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathome.,2)Whatisoftendiscussed?,i)Thepossibilityisoftendiscussed.,ii)Thatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.,3.Welldiscusstheproblemthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.,1)Whatistheproblem?,Theproblemisthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.,2)Whatwillwediscuss?,Welldiscusstheproblem.,Welldiscussthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.,专题11考点归纳,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。它们遵守的共同规则如下：规则1：连接词基本相同，它们是：从属连词that,whether,asif；连接代词what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;连接副词where,when,why,how,wherever,whenever。规则2：从属连词that本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。,规则3：名词性从句中，除了连接词要提到句首之外，一律要用陈述句语序。规则4：在动词“坚持(insist)、命令(order，command)、建议(suggest，advise，recommend)、要求(demand，require，request，ask)”后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用(should)do形式。如：,专题11考点归纳,Hisadviceisthateveryone(should)dohisbesttohelpthepoorgirl.(表语从句)Headvisedthateveryone(should)dohisbesttohelpthepoorgirl.(宾语从句)Hemadesomeadvicethateveryone(should)dohisbesttohelpthepoorgirl.(同位语从句)Itwasadvisedthateveryone(should)dohisbesttohelpthepoorgirl.(主语从句),专题11考点归纳,考点二宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语的句子称为宾语从句。规则1：及物动词后跟两个(或两个以上)宾语从句时只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：Hesaid(that)thetextwasimportantandthatweshouldreciteit.(第二个that不能省略)规则2：某些表语形容词(如sure,certain,glad,surprised)之后也可带宾语从句。如：Hewasafraidthatsomeonemightfindhim.,专题11考点归纳,规则3：whether与if都可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可以互换。但以下几种情况只能用whether：(1)作介词宾语时，连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.(2)后面直接跟ornot时，用whether。如：IdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.,专题11考点归纳,(3)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.(4)whether可与动词不定式连用，但if不能。如：Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.(5)whether可引导一个让步状语从句，表示“不管，无论”，而if不能。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.,专题11考点归纳,规则4：若主句的主语为第一人称单数，谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语前，从句谓语用肯定式。如：Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这裙子不是很合你的身。,专题11考点归纳,规则5：几类it作形式宾语的句型：(1)主语think/consider/find/feel/makeitadj./n.that从句。如：Ireallyfinditapitythatyoudidntcometotheparty.(2)主语hate/dislike/love/likeitwhen从句表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶。如：Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfull.(3)主语appreciateitif从句。如：Ireallyappreciateitifyoucouldhelpmewithmymath.,(4)主语seetoitthat从句(确保)。如：Youmustseetoitthatthedoorsarelockedbeforeyouleavethelab.(5)主语relyon/dependonitthat从句。如：Youmayrelyonitthathewillcometomeetyou.,专题11考点归纳,规则3：where可表示抽象意义，“的地方，点”。如：YouaresayingeveryoneshouldbeequalandthisiswhereIdisagree.Thatswhereyouaremistaken.,专题11考点归纳,2who与whoever【误】Whoisthefirsttocomewillgetagift.【正】Whoeveristhefirsttocomewillgetagift.【正】Anyonewhoisthefirsttocomewillgetagift.解析whoever引导名词性从句，意为“无论谁”，相当于anyonewho；而who意为“谁”。,专题11反面解读,4whoever与whomever【误】Pleasegivethebooktowhomeverneedsitmost.【正】Pleasegivethebooktowhoeverneedsitmost.解析此处，whoever在从句中作主语，因此不能用whomever。名词性从句引导词的选择要注意其意义及它在从句中所作的成分。,专题11反面解读,7名词性从句的语序【误】Sonowyouknowwhatshouldyoudo.【正】Sonowyouknowwhatyoushoulddo.解析名词性从句应用陈述语序。8【误】TheresafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasanimportantlanguage.【正】ItsafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasanimportantlanguage.解析Itisafactthat句型中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。it不能换成there。,B,A,B,4._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhat,D,A,6._isnopossibility_Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,which,A,7.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere8.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited,A,A,9._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinued,B,A,B,12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever,15.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernorsstatement_wouldsupportataxcut.A.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe16.manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.A.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That17.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,1.Canyoumakesure_thegoldrings?A.whereshehadputB.wherehadsheputC.whereshehasputD.wherehassheput,2.Thereasonthathasbeensuchasuccess_henevergivesup.A.isB.isbecauseC.isthatD.iswhat,3._breaksthelawshouldbepunished.A.WhoeverB.NomatterwhoC.anyone.D.who,4.Thatis_Ihadtotaketheriskofbeingwashedaway.A.whyB.reasonwhyC.howD.what5.Do_youthinkisright_difficultiesyoumayhave.A.what;howeverB.that;whateverC.whatever;whoeverD.what;whatever6.Theworkersconsidereditimportant_thebosswouldagreetogivethemarise.A.whetherB.howC.whereD.which,7.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how,9.Difficultylies_wehavenomo