跨文化交际实用教程-unit3-熊萍萍.ppt

Unit3,DailyVerbalCommunication(II),2,Objectives,LearnthesocialfunctionsofcomplimentsandcomplimentresponsesLearnthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcompliments/complimentresposesLearnthedifferentexpressionsofgratitudeandapologyinEnglishandChinese,3,CONTENTS,I.Warm-upcasesII.DetailedStudy:SocialfunctionsofcomplimentsComplimentsandcomplimentresponsesDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcomplimentsCommonresponseformulasofEnglishandChinesecomplimentsExpressionsofgratitudeandapologyinEnglishandChineseIII.CaseStudyIV.SummaryV.Assignments,4,Case1.AnInvitationtoDinner,I.Warm-upcases,Question:Ifyouwerethedirectorandchosentomediatethissituation,whatwouldyoudotoensurenottooffendeitherparty?HowwouldyouexplainBartsbehaviortoManual?HowwouldyouexplainManualstoBart?,5,Case2.TheCancellationoftheDinnerParty,Comment:,1.InNewZealand,afriendcanopenlyprovideconstructivecriticism.IfStandidnotmakesuchsuggestionstoafriendinhiscountry,thefriendwouldbeangrythatStandidnothelphimwhenhehadthechance.2.InPhilippines,apersoncannotbeafriendandacriticatthesametime,oratleastnotinpublic.Stanshouldfindsomeotherway(acceptabletotheFilipinos)tovoicehiscomments.,6,Case3Whyshouldtheydolikethis?,Comment:1.TheBritishpeoplemaintaintheiretiquetteandsocialmannersevenwhentheyareveryexcited.2.TheFilipinocoupledidnotintroducetheirFilipinofriendtohim3.TheFilipinosweretalkingintheirownnativelanguage.NodoubttheBritishfeltleftout,whichisunacceptableandrarelyoccursonsocialoccasionsinBritain.4.Whenimmigrantsmeetinaforeigncountry,theytendtotakenonoticeoftheirsurroundings/peoplearound,whichisconsideredtoberudeandrequiresattention.,7,II.Compliments,SocialfunctionsofcomplimentsB.ComplimentandcomplimentresponsesC.DifferencesbetweenChinesecomplimentsandEnglishcompliments(semanticformulaandsyntacticformula)D.CommonresponseformulasinEnglishandChineseE.Differentculturalassumptionsaboutcompliment,8,WorkingroupstodiscussthesocialfunctionsofComplimentsEg.greetingpeople,.,Socialfunctionsofcompliments,9,OnbehalfofallyourAmericanguests,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousforthroughouttheworld.Iparticularlywanttopaytribute,notonlytothosewhopreparedthemagnificentdinner,butalsotothosewhohaveprovidedthesplendidmusic.NeverhaveIheardAmericanmusicplayedbetterinaforeignland.-byPresidentNixonatawelcomingpartyinhis1972visittoChinaQ:WhatisthesocialfunctionofNixonscompliment?,Case1,10,(Abossmeetshisyoungfemaleemployeeinthemorning)A:Well,youlookgoodtoday.Youhavesuchniceclothes.B.Thankyou.Ihavehadthisforawhile.(Twoacquaintancesmeetinthestreet)A:Hi,Pat.Howareyoudoing?Youlooknice.B:Thanks,Anne.Sodoyou.,MoreCases,11,A:ThanksfortheChristmaspresentyousentme.ItssoniceandjustwhatIneeded.B:Imgladyoulikeit.(Twofriendsdecidetomakeupafteraquarrel.Onecomestotheapartmentoftheother.)A:Hi,Mary.Howareyou?B:OK.Howareyou?A:Imfine.(pause)B:Oh,thisvaseisreallypretty,whendidyougetit?,12,Socialfunctionsofcompliments,1.Tocreateorreinforcesolidarity2.Togreetpeople3.Toexpressthanksorcongratulations4.Toencourageagingpeople5.Tosoftencriticism6.Tostartaconversation7.Toovercomeembarrassment,13,PositiveFunctionsofCompliments,Itsagoodmannertocomplimentothers.Asincerecomplimentisalwaysawelcomeboosttosomeonesday.Ithelpsopenupconversations,givepeoplealift,andraiseonesself-esteem,14,Ittakesconfidenceandself-esteemtonoticegoodthingsaboutothersandtomakethefirstcaringmovetotellthemaboutitYoullalsofindwhenyoustartnoticinggoodthingsaboutpeople,youllnoticemoregoodthingsaboutyoutoo!Andthemoreyoudo,themoreyourownself-esteemwillgrow.,-RaisesYour,Self-Esteem,GivingCompliments,15,Thinkaboutit,Howoftendoyoucomplimenttheothers?Howdoyoufeelwhenyouarecomplimented?HowdoChinese/Englishspeakersrespondtocompliments?,16,WorkinPairstoactoutthefollowingtwocases:AyoungChinesewomanintheU.S.wascomplimentedbyanAmericanwomanforthelovelydressshewaswearing:“Itsexquisite.Thecolorsaresobeautiful!”Shewaspleasedbutsomewhatembarrassed.IntypicalChinesefashion,shereplied,“Oh,itsjustanordinarydressIboughtinChina.”,17,b.AtareceptionatanAmericancollege,Mr.Chen,anewly-arrivedChinesescholar,waschattingwiththehostess.Asanacquaintanceofthehostessapproached,shesaid,“Ron,letmeintroduceMr.Chen,anoutstandingphysicistandoneofthenicestpeopleIknow.”Mr.Chenofferedhishandtothenewcomerbutlookedatthehostessandsaidwithasmile,“ShouldIblush,orshouldItellhimyoudontreallymeanit?”,18,Discussion1.Inbothcases,whatmessageisconveyedbythewordsoftheChinese?2.Whatistheintention/implicationoftheChinese?,19,Discusshowyouwouldrespondinthefollowingsituationsandactthemout.Aforeignvisitorwaslookingatthehostspottedflowerswithobviousadmiration.Theplantswerebloomingprofusely.Thehostremarkeddiffidently,“Growingflowersismyhobby,butImnotmuchgoodatit.”ACanadianaskedaChineseartteachertolookoveranarticlethatshehadwrittenaboutChinesepaintings.Heagreed,butaddedthat“Ireallyknowlittleaboutthesubject.”,20,Complimentsandcomplimentsresponses,Fishingforcompliments“Growingflowersismyhobby,butImnotmuchgoodatit”-“Buttheseflowersarebeautiful”“IwishIcoulddoaswell!”,21,Fishingforcompliments,“Ireallyknowlittleaboutthesubject.”-“Well,Icertainlydontknowanybodywhoknowsmorethanyoudo!”,22,Chinesecompliments,Chinaisanoldcountrywithfivethousandyearscultureandcivilizationandknownforitsetiquette.,23,InfluencedbytheideaofConfucius,peopleextremelyvaluethepolitenessandregardmodestyasavirtueinthecommunication.whentheycommunicatewithothers,withapoliteandmodestpattern,theyareoftenconsiderateandunwillingtoannoyothersandtomakeothersfeelembarrassed.,24,要欣赏赞美别人。林肯说：人人爱听恭维的话。恭维别人，不是虚伪。恭维别人，就是肯定对方的价值。增强他的信心和勇气便于顺利交流，这是于人于己都有利的好习惯。他是改良人际关系的催化剂。学会了赞美别人，你看人的角度都发生了变化，再不会把别人看成豆腐渣了。事实上，人人都是有你值得学习和肯定的地方的。,Westerncompliments,25,Englishcompliments,西方人有一种习惯，见面除谈天气以外，喜欢向对方说一些恭维话（compliment）,表示赞美、敬意，或只是表示问候，或没话找话的搭讪。恭维话的范围很广，从人的相貌、服装、首饰，到发型、健康状况，甚至会恭维你佩戴的一只手表、一只钢笔。有人主张，听到恭维话后，只需简单地回答“Thankyou.”这固然不错，然而在实际生活中，恭维话往往有许多不同情况，因此，回应也不应千篇一律。顺便说一下，恭维话必须恰到好处，不能过分，否则就变成挖苦了。,26,DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishCompliments,W:ItiscommonforamantoinformallygiveawomancomplimentsonherlooksorclothingC:Itistakenasakindofflirtationifamancomplimentsawoman,27,Chinesepeoplecomplimenteachothermuchlessfrequentlythanwesternersdo.ChinesepeopletrytodrawalinebetweencomplimentandflatteryChinesepeopleinterpretotherspositivecomplimentsasarequestforpossessingsomething.,28,TheSemanticFormula,Englishcompliments:AdjectivesVerbsThiswasagreatmeal.Youlooksonicetoday.Youdidagoodjob.Ilikeyourhaircut.Iloveyourglasses.Ireallyenjoyedyourclass,29,Chinesecompliments,AdjectivesadverbsverbsYourskirtisverypretty.Thisroomisreallygood.Yourereallyanexperiencedteacher.Youdidthejobverywell.Youtreatpeoplesincerely.Iespeciallylikethecolorofyourblouse.Youdeservebeingpraised.,30,TheSyntacticFormula,NPADJPROVADVOEnglish:NPis/looksreallyADJ(53%)Yourblouselooksbeautiful.Youaresoefficient.Ireallylike/loveNPIreallylikeyourhardwoodfloors.Thatsreallyabeautifulcar.,31,SyntacticpatternsinEnglishcomplimentThreemajorpatterns(about80%ofallcomplimentscollected)NPbe/look(intensifier)ADJ“Youlookreallynice.”ADJincludes:nice,good,beautiful,pretty,great,wonderful,lovely(Thisset=2/3ofallADJusedindata).I(intensifier)like/loveNP“Ireallylikethatskirt.”VERBincludes:like,love.enjoy,admire,beimpressedbyPRObe(intensifier)(a)ADJNP“Thatsreallyanicecoat.”Formulaic(orconventional)Language:averylimitedsubsetofEnglishsentencestructureandvocabulary(andtopics)isusedtogivecompliments.,TheSyntacticFormula,32,TopicsAppearanceclothes,hairdo(resultsofdeliberateeffort)Ability(skill)/performanceawell-donejob,askillfullyplayedgame,agoodmealPersonality/friendship“Thatwaskind.”Possessions“Ilikeyournewbike.”,33,Chinese,YouVADVYoudidthejobwell.NPisADJYourcoatisreallybeautiful.PROisADJNPThatsawonderfulwallcalendar.PROVOYoudeservebeinghonored.IlikeNPIlikethispicture.,34,CwhileEnglishcomplimentswith“I”.MoreEnglishcomplimentscontainexaggeratedadjectiveslikegreat,awesome,terrific,gorgeous,fabulous,smart,35,Dontpraisepeople,only,whattheydoMakepraiseasspecificaspossibleAvoidphony(假的)praiseAvoidpraisethatsetsupcompetition,HowToGiveAGoodCompliment,36,A-Accurate:Thecomplimenthastoaccuratelyrefertowhathashappenedandwhatthepersonhasdone.BBelievable:Thecomplimentshouldnotbeanexaggerationbutrealistic.CConstructive:Thecomplimentshouldrefertowhatthepersonwantstoachieveandbeusefulformakingprogress.,37,2)Backupyourcompliment.Dontjuststopat“thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyou”.Yourcomplimentbecomesstrongerwhenyousaywhyyouthinkso;“thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyoubecauseitmatchesyoureyes”.,1)Makeyourcomplimentspecific.“Thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyou”makesabiggerimpactcomparedto“youlookreallygoodtoday”.Themorespecificthebetter,itmakesthepersonfeellikeyounoticethem.,38,3)Askaquestionwithyourcompliment.Andifyouwanttouseitasaconversationalstarter,askaquestionaboutthesubjectofyourcompliment;“thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyoubecauseitmatchesyoureyes.Wheredidyoufindit?”.Letmesay,youlookterrific,yoursenseofstyleisspot-on.Areyouadesignerofsomesort?,39,ResponseFormulasofEandCcompliments,AmericanEnglishA:Thisisreallyanicesweater.B:Imgladyoulikeit.A:Youdidagoodjob.B:Thankyou/Thanks.Chinese:A:Yoursweaterisverygood.B:Iboughtitonlyfortenyuan.A:Youdidthejobverywell.B:Thatstheresultofjointefforts./Theresstillmuchroomforimprovement.,40,Generallyspeaking,nativeEnglishspeakerstendtoacceptthecomplimentswhiletheChinesetendtoeffacethemselvesinwordsalthoughtheydofeelcomfortableaboutthecompliments.Sometimeshumorousresponsescouldbeusedwhenwithintimatefriends.,41,Westernersusuallyacceptcomplimentsgladly.thanks.thatissokind(regardingadress)thankyou.Igotitasapresent.,42,PeoplefromEasternculturetrytoreducetheextentofthecomplimentandalwayswanttoappearinferiortoothers.“Yourdresslooksgreat.”No,itsnot.Yourdressisbetterthanmine.,43,InChineseculture,whenyouarepaidacompliment,itiscustomarytodeflect转移thecomplimentbyspeakingbadlyofoneself:Youareverygoodatthepiano!Well,Icanonlyplayafewsongs.Youdidagreatjob!No,itwastheeffortsofeveryonesupportingmethatmadeitpossible.,44,Englishcomplimentsresponses,1赞同型（西方国家多数人听到恭维后采用这种类型的回应）（1）接受恭维，心安理得欣赏对方对自己的恭维A:Ireallylikethatshirt.B:Thanks./Thankyou./(Smile)加以解释、评论A:Ilikeyourlonghair.B:Me,too./Thanks,itsmyfavorite,too.赞美升级A:Well,youhaveagreathaircut.B:ThatsbecauseIhavethegreatesthairdresserintheworld.（2）叙述来历，不厌其烦A:Ilikeyourshoes.Theyarecute.B:Igotthesetwoyearsago.Mydressshoesworeout,soIwenttothemallwith$20andgotthese.,45,（3）转移目标，暗自接受恭维不直接回答对方的恭维，而是重述一句，暗含对恭维的接受A:Thatsbeautifulnecklace.B:Itwasmygrandmothers.用同样的恭维回敬对方A:Ilikeyourshirt,Sharon.B:Thanks,Deb.Ilikeyours,too.2反对型（1）降格，即暗示对方的恭维有不适之词A:Hey,thatsareallynicecar.B:Youshouldhaveseenittwoyearsagowhenitwasnew.Itdidnthavethedents(凹痕)then.(2)质疑A:Nicesweater.B:Doyoureallythinkso?/What?Areyoukidding?/Youlikeit?,46,婉转接受，而后用though,but,well等词引入否定含义的回应A:Youlookgoodinamoustache.B:Yeah,butititches.Itsallright,butLeosisnicer.(3)不接受不赞成A:Yourhairlooksgood.B:Itstooshort./Ihateit.(4)不置可否（不接话茬，或沉默）A:Thatsabeautifulsweater.B:Didyoufinishtheassignmentfortoday?/(Silence)3其他型（将对方的恭维当作一种要求）A:Thatsanicebike.B:Well,youcanborrowitanytime./Letmeknowifyouwanttoborrowit.,47,Culturalassumptions,“Onessugarmaybeanotheronespoison”.Howdothinkofthissaying?Whatis“assumption”?Whatis“culturalassumption”?,48,CulturalAssumption,“Good”referstooneshealth,appearanceandmannerinbothEandCcultures“Losingweight”meansgoodinEculturebutnotgoodinCculture“puttingonweight”canbeacomplimenttoChinesebutoffensivetoAmericans,49,CaseStudy1,Story:AChinesegovernmentofficialwenttovisitanEnglishdiplomatwithhiswifeandaninterpreter.Aftertheroutinegreetings,theEnglishdiplomatsaidtotheofficial,“Yourwifeisverypretty.”Theofficialresponded,“哪里，哪里”todenythefact.Thetheinterpretertranslateditas,“Notatall!”Thediplomatwasastonishedandsaid,“Ofcoursesheis.”Hearingthisreply,theofficialwasveryannoyed,asheconsidereditaninsultaccordingtohisownculturalbackground.,Q1:WhatdoyouthinkoftheChineseofficialsresponsetothecompliment?Q2:Whatwouldyouranswerbetoit?,50,CaseStudy2,LiHongisanewteacherinamiddleschool.Oneday,oneofherChinesecolleagues,YangZhen,introduceshertotheirmiddle-agedexpatriateteacherMaggy.,Yang:LiHong,thisisMaggy,ourEnglishteacherfromAmerica.AndMaggy,thisisLiHong,ournewcolleague.LiandMaggy:Howdoyoudo!Maggy:Yoursweaterissosmart.Li:Oh,itisonlyanoldone.Iboughtitlastyear.Maggy:Youresoyoungandsmart.Iamsureyouareagoodteacher.Li:No,no.Iamjustanewcomer.Ishouldlearnfromyouoldteachers.Maggylookssurprisedandthinks,“Iamreallysoold?”,51,CaseStudy3,YangyanghasinvitedaCanadianfriend,Julia,toherhomeforameal.Unfortunately,theoccasiongetsofftoaratherbumpystart.,YangYang:Hi,Julia,welcome!Comein,comein!Julia:Thankyouforinvitingme.Thisisalovelyroom.YangYang:Myroomisverysamllanduntidy.Pleasesitdownandhaveacupoftea.Youmustbetiredonsuchahotday.Julia:Oh,yourroomisperfectlycleanandtidy!Andasforthewalk,Imverystrong,youknow.Iusuallywalkforatleastanhoureveryday.Dontyouthinkwalkingisagoodwaytokeepfit?YangYang:Yes,Ido.Dinnerisready.Pleasesitatthetable.Julia:Wow!Somanydishesfour!Theyalllookdelicious.YangYang:ImsorryImnotaverygoodcook.Theseareallcolddishes.,52,Lateroninthemeal,justbeforetheyfinishthecolddishes,fourhotdishesareplacedonthetable.Julia:Anotherfour!Theresonlytwoofuseating.YangYang:Nevermind,pleasetrymore.IamsorryIhavepreparedsolittle.Ifthereweremorepeople,therewouldbeeightcolddishesandeighthotdishes,becauseyouaremydistinguishedguest.Julia:No,itsnottoolittle.Itsmorethanenough,“Goule,Goule.”,Q1:WhyisJuliasurprised?Whatswrongwithherconversation?Q2:HowcanYangYangbeabetterhosttoherCanadianguestsoshecanhelpherlearnaboutChineseculture?,53,CaseStudyAppropriateManner,YangYang:Hi,Julia,welcome!Comein,comein!Julia:Thankyouforinvitingme.Thisisalovelyroom.YangYang:Thankyou.Pleasehaveaseat.Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?Julia:Yes,Iwould.YangYang:Wasitdifficulttofindmyplace?Julia:No,yourdirectionswereveryhelpful.YangYang:ItsonlyMay,butitsquitehotoutsidetoday.Howlongdidittakeyoutocomehere?Julia:Itonlytook30minutestogethere.Youreright,itishot,butIdontmindthehotsun.YangYang:Yes,Ido.Dinnerisready.Pleasesitatthetable.Julia:Wow!Somanydishesfour!Theyalllookdelicious.,54,CaseStudyAppropriateManner,YangYang:Thankyou.Ipreparedthembymyself.Ihopeyoulikethem.Pleasehelpyourself.Julia:Theyredelicious.IdoenjoyChinesefoods.YangYang:Imgladyoulikethem.Butleavesomeroomforanotherfourhotdishes.Julia:Really?Anotherfour!Thisisarealfeast!YangYang:Youreright.YouknowinChina,numbershavesignificance,eventhenumberoffooddishesweserveaguest.Weprepareevennumbersbutnotthesingularones.Thefigure“eight”isaluckynumberinChinese,andtwosetsofeightdisheswouldbepreparedfordistinguishedguests.IamsorryIdidntpreparethatmanyforyoumydistinguishedguest.Julia:ButIthoughtitwouldreallybetoomuchfood.Whenthereareonlytwopeopleeating,fourhotdishesplusfourcolddishesisconsideredafeast.Ifeelhonoredindeed.Howsweetyouare!,55,III.Expressionsofgratitudeandapology,TheexpressionsarefarmorefrequentlyusedinEnglishthaninChinese.Chineseoftenneglectminorfavorsespeciallyamongfriendsandmembersoffamily.Theythinktheexpressionsofgratitudeandapologyunnecessaryandeventiresome.,56,SomespecialChineseexpressions,Itdoesntmatter.没关系Nevermind.不要紧（responsestoapology）Yourewelcome.不用谢Itsmypleasure.没关系（responsestogratitude）,57,Exercises,A.ComprehensionCheck1.T2.T3.T4.F5.T6.F7.F8.F9.F10.TB.MatchtheEuphemismsnethergarmentslunaticCallyourcarriageforyouamanofbadtastePlainaprostitutePatienttrousersAmanofdoubtfultasteuglyAladyofthetownaskyoutogoaway,57,58,ExerciseE(AllofthefollowinganswersapplyonlyintheU.S.),Inthissituation,itwouldnotbenecessarytogiveagift,particularlyifyouhavebeenpayingfortheprivateclasseswiththetutor.Ifyoulike,youmightbringsomethingtothelastclass,suchascandyorflowers.Inthissituation,itisdefinitelynotanAmericanpracticetobringagifttothesupervisor.Itisthesupervisorsjobtosuperviseyou.Youhaveworkedhardtoearntheexcellentreview.Ifyougavehimorheragift,thesupervisormightmisunderstand.,58,59,ExerciseE(AllofthefollowinganswersapplyonlyintheU.S.),3.Inthissituation,ateacherwouldnotexpectagift