人教版高中英语必修1 unit 5知识点

基础落实.高频单词思忆1.Whatever happens,we will not use v . We should settle things in a peaceful way.2.Women are fighting for e pay with the men because they do the same job.3.The majority of people v for Ben because they wanted him to be their leader.,iolence,qual,oted,Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero,4.Although he is old,he is still a in public affairs.5.Most children in cities are better e than those in the countryside.6.A s person always thinks about himself.7.They have agreed to the proposal in (原则上) but we still have to negotiate the details. 8.The orchestra were all in (就位), waiting for the conductor.,ctive,ducated,elfish,principle,position,9.They (奖励) the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.10.The public pay more attention to the (质量) of milk after the Sanlu tainted milk case.,rewarded,quality,.重点短语再现1. 在方面积极2. 献身于；专心于3. 失业4. 投票支持某人5. 事实上6. 处在困境中7. 求助于；致力于8. 丧失勇气或信心9. 从逃走10. 设立；建立,be active in,devote to,out of work,vote for sb.,as a matter of fact,in trouble,turn to,lose heart,escape from,set up,.典型句式运用1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥 夺了我们的权利，并阻挡了我们的进步，直到今 天我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 本句中的see意为“ ”。,考点提炼,（在某段时期）发,生（某情况），经历,在英语句子结构中，有一种这样的现象：将句中表示 、 的名词提前，放在主语的位置，而把本来是人发出的动作充当谓语，如“see/witness+事件（过程）”，这是一种特殊形式的主语化，其目的是强调句中的时间或地点名词。,时间,地点,2.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.我们被置于这样 一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么 同政府作斗争。 either.or.在此句中连接两个并列 的不定式短语to accept.和（to） fight.; either.or.意为“ ”，是并列连词，常用来连接 并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语或状语，也可连 接并列的分句。,考点提炼,或是或是，,不是就是,either.or.所表达的意义是“二选一”，不能全选，也不能一个不选；要表示全选，则用 (既又)，要表示两个都不选，则用 (两者都不)。3.The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.我得到工作是因为我工作努力。 The reason why.is that.是个固 定句型，why引导 从句。is后一般为that引导 的 从句。,both.and.,neither.nor.,考点提炼,定语,表语,4.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不该被剥 夺为获得学位而学习的权利。 本句中包含“stop.from doing”结 构，意为“ ”。类似的结构还有 “ .from doing”。,考点提炼,阻止干某事,prevent/keep,5.They were not cleverer than me,but they did pass their exams.他们并不比我更聪明，却通过 了考试。 本句中not cleverer than意为 “ ”，属于“not+adj./adv.的比较 级+than”结构，意为“不如”，表示两种情 况客观上的比较。而“no+adj./adv.的比较级 +than”结构意为“ ”，表示说 话人的主观感受。,考点提炼,不如聪明,和一样不,导练互动重点单词1.quality And what does a great person have?(回归课本P33) 观察思考 Much of the land was of poor quality. 这块地大部分土质贫瘠。 She had many good qualities although she is a little rude. 她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。,qualities,归纳总结quality 。易混辨异quality,character,characteristic三个词都含有“特点、特征、特性”的意思，但各有侧重。(1)quality是常用词，指表现某人或某物与其他人或物不同的性质或特点，因而体现出的是自己的优点或长处以及优良品质。表达含糊而难以捉摸的现象也用它。,n.质量；品质；性质,(2)character指事物、地方、事件等的特点、特征、特色以及个人、集体、民族等特有的品质、特性，它能体现出成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往和品格有关。(3)characteristic指与众不同的、易于辨认的特征或特性。常用于科技领域。,即学即用（1）质量差的商品很难卖出。 wont sell easily. （2）他们生产各种品质的货物。 They produce goods .,Goods of poor quality,of various qualities,2.active 观察思考 He became an active social reformer. 他成了一位积极的社会改革者。 Although Mrs.Brown is over 80,she is still very active. 布朗太太已八十多岁了，但她还是十分活跃。,归纳总结active 。(派生) actively adv.积极地activity n.U活跃，热闹状况；活动；C具体的活动action n.U行动（总称）；C行为，行动（指具体的一次）act v.（采取）行动；扮演；起作用；n.C行为，行动；（戏剧等的）一幕；法案be active in在方面积极take an active part in积极参加,adj.积极的，活跃的,即学即用（1）She (在方面积极) the 1789 French Revolution. （2）The teacher encouraged students to (积极参与) discussions.,was active in,take an active part in,3.equal But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people . (回归课本P34) 观察思考 A metre equals 39.38 inches. 1米等于39.38英寸。 There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class. 这个班男女生人数相等。 She treats the people who work for her as her equals. 她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。,equal,归纳总结equal 。A equals B A等于BA is equal to B A等于Bbe equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事/做某事be equal with与相等Three plus two equals five.=Three plus two is equal to five.3加2等于5。,v.等于；抵得上；adj.相等的；胜任的;,n.同等的人；相等物,注意以下介词的搭配：be similar to同相似be familiar to sb.为某人所熟知be familiar with sth.熟悉某物be indifferent to sth.对某事不关心；不在乎；不感兴趣be kind to对很和蔼be polite to对很有礼貌be friendly to对很友好,即学即用（1）在体力上男人和女人相同吗？ men women in physical strength? （2）她觉得自己不适合接待来客。 She did not visitors.,Are,equal to,feel equal to receiving,4.vote Black people couldnt or choose their leaders.(回归课本P34) 观察思考 The issue was put to the vote. 这一问题被付诸表决。 Well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们将先听取双方的论点，然后再表决。 The whole team have voted me their captain. 全体队员投票选我担任他们的队长。,vote,归纳总结vote 。vote for赞成；投某人的票vote against投票反对vote out（以投票方式）罢免（某人）vote down投票否决vote on/upon对投票表决vote sth.through表决通过（提案等）,n.投票；选票；表决；vt.& vi.投票；选举,即学即用用适当的介词填空（1）I shall vote (for/against) Bert because I think hes the best man.（2）As we cant reach an agreement on this matter,lets vote (down/out/on) it.,for,on,5.reward They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.(回归课本P38) 观察思考 He received a medal as a reward for his courage. 他得到一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏。 Is that how you reward me for my help? 你就是这样来报答我给你的帮助吗？,reward,归纳总结reward 。in reward (for.)作为（对的）报答give a reward to sb.for sth.为某事给某人报酬（或赏金）reward sb.for (doing) sth.因（做）某事报答某人reward sb.with sth.用某物/事报答某人,n.报酬，回报；v.酬劳；奖赏,易混辨异reward,award,prize(1)reward多指对某人的帮助、工作或服务等的报答，如帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金和酬金。(2)award指一种官方的奖励行为，往往用来奖励在工作中达到一定成就的人，重在强调荣誉而不在于奖品的大小或奖金的多少。Mr.Wang has been awarded the title of “Advanced Workers”.王先生被授予“先进工作者”的称号。,(3)reward和award均可用作动词，award的意思是“授予，颁发；判给”；reward则表示“报答，酬谢”之意。亦可从结构上区分两者：reward sb.for sth.,award sb.sth.。He was awarded the first prize for “Outstanding Industrial Design”.他获“杰出工业设计”一等奖。(4)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所获得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。In this months competition you could win a prize worth $3,000.在这个月的比赛中，你可能获得价值3 000美元的奖金。,即学即用（1）His movie won several at the film festival,which was beyond his wildest dream. A.rewardsB.awards C.prizes D.gains（2）We will offer a(n) of ten thousand dollars for information about the case. A.awardB.prize C.rewardD.praise,B,C,6.devote A great person is someone who his/ her life to helping others.(回归课本P33) 观察思考 He devoted himself to his career. 他献身于自己的事业。 Please devote more time to your work. 请你把更多的时间用于工作。,devotes,归纳总结devote 。(1)devote oneself to献身；致力；专心devote.to.把用于(2)Devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n.关爱，关照；奉献；忠诚be devoted to深爱；致力于,vt. 献身；专心于,即学即用He made up his mind to devote his life to pollution from again.A.preventing;happeningB.prevent;happenC.preventing;happensD.preventing;will happen,A,重点短语与句型7.lose heart The scientist from whom never when he was in trouble.(回归课本P37) 观察思考 We mustnt lose heart when people complain.当人们抱怨时，我们千万不要丧失信心。 Dont lose heartyoull do better next time. 不要灰心下次你会做得更好。,lost,heart,归纳总结lose heart意为： 。lose ones heart to sb.爱上某人break ones heart使人难过（心碎）give heart to sb.鼓励某人heart and soul全心全意地heart to heart诚恳地，贴心地take heart鼓起勇气，打起精神from the bottom of ones heart从内心里learn sth.by heart熟记put ones heart into sth.对全力以赴，一心一意,丧失信心,即学即用Though the girl hasnt lost heart tohim,he hasnt lost heart.A.her;/B.the;hisC./;hisD.her;the,A,8.out of .,and I worried about whether I would become .(回归课本P34) 观察思考 Hes been out of work for six months. 他已经失业六个月了。,out of work,归纳总结out of work意为： 。out of business破产；歇业out of control失控out of repair失修out of order有毛病out of date过时out of ones reach够不着out of danger脱险out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能的out of patience失去耐心out of mind心不在焉Out of sight,out of mind.谚眼不见，心不念。（离久情疏）,失业,即学即用（1）他必须正视失业这一现实。 He must face the reality of . （2）过期护照是无效的。 A passport that is is invalid.,being out of work,out of date,9.come to power I didnt work again for twenty years until Mr.Mandela and the ANC in 1994.(回归课本P38) 观察思考 The party came to power at the last election. 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。 By the time he came to power in 1951 he was already seventy. 到1951年上台时，他已经有70岁了。,came to power,归纳总结come to power意为： 。be in power当权，执政lose power失去权力take office上台，执政do everything in ones power to do sth.竭尽全力做某事由come into+名词可构成的短语：come into action开始行动come into fashion流行come into effect生效come into office就职,上台；掌权,即学即用(1)他当权后就违背了他减税的诺言。 When he ,he broke his promise of reducing taxes. (2)我将尽力帮助你。 Ill do everything to help you.,came to/into power,in my power,10.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.我第一次向（参观）小组谈论（罗本 岛监狱的情况）时，心里觉得很不好受。 典例体验 I called on him,he was very busy. 我每次拜访他，他都很忙。 He came to see me he came back. 他一回来就来看我。,Each time,immediately,归纳总结句中的 用作连词，引导从句，意为“ ”。（1）名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：every time每次/回就each time每当时next time下次时any time（在）任何时间（2）有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是：instantly,immediately,directly等，都相当于as soon as。,the first time,时间状语,第一次时,the momentthe minutethe instant,=as soon as一就,即学即用 they visited the Science Museum,they showed great interest in everything they saw.A.The first timeB.For the first timeC.At firstD.At the first time,A,11.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那时， 我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 典例体验 Only with all your time and energy do this job well. 只有用上你全部的时间和精力，你才能把这项工 作做好。 Only when he is seriously ill in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。,can you,will he stay,归纳总结本句中的only then置于句首，引起句子 。该句的正常语序是：.we decided to answer violence with violence only then。在英语句子中，为了表强调，把“only+状语（副词、介词短语、从句）”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把原句中的 、 或 提到主语前面。,部分倒装,助动词,情态动词,be动词,即学即用Only in this way to make improvement in the operating system.A.you can hope B.you did hopeC.did you hope D.can you hope,D,考题回扣【例1】I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. （浙江高考） A.whichB.where C.howD.why 解析 当point,case,stage,situation等表示抽 象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少 状语，则用关系副词where来引导定语从句。 课文原文 The school was three kilometres away.,where I studied for only two years,B,【例2】Over the past 20 years,the Internet has helped change our world in way or another for the better. （重庆高考） A.anyB.one C.everyD.either 解析 句意为：在过去的20多年里，因特网已经 帮助我们在一方面或另一方面改变得更好。any任 何；every每一；either两者之中任一个（仅限于 两者之间）。 课文原文 However,this was a time when had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.,one,B,【例3】Charles was alone at home,with looking after him. （全国高考） A.someoneB.anyone C.not oneD.no one 解析 句意为：查理一个人在家，没有人照顾他。 由句中的关键词alone可知应选no one,指“一个 人也没有”。 课文原文 could grow food there.,No one,D,【例4】For a moment nothing happened.Then all shouting together. （福建高考） A.voices had come B.came voices C.voices would come D.did voices come 解析 当某些副词如then,now,here,there,up 等置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装形式。 课文原文 . to answer violence,only then did we decide,B,【例5】Because of the financial crisis,days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6，000yuan for one night.（江苏高考） A.if B.when C.which D.since 解析 句意为：因为金融危机，当地五星级旅馆 每晚收费6 000元的日子已经一去不复返了。 when引导一个限制性定语从句修饰先行词days,并 且在从句中作状语。 课文原文 The time was a very difficult period of my life.,when I first met Nelson Mandela,B,写作技能简单句的扩展 句子的扩展，就是在名词前后加上前置或后置定语，在动词、形容词或者副词前后加上适当的状语，或增加修饰整个句子的状语，等等，其目的是使结构形式更饱满、内容表达更加清楚、语言表达更生动。我们练习句子的扩展，有助于循序渐进地实现由句到段的过渡。【例1】对The man was famous.（主语+系动词+表语）一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子： a.The man was a famous student.(划线部分为定语),named Mike,b. ,the man was very famous .(划线部分为状语)【例2】对The student jumped.（主语+谓语）一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子： a.The student jumped.（划线部分为定语） b. ,the naughty student jumped .（划线部分为状语）,At the age of seventeen,because of being good at playing the,piano,naughty,with glasses on,Hearing the good news,with joy,in class,without any,hesitation,【例3】Chinese are making China more powerful.（主语+谓语+宾语+宾补）一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子： a. Chinese are making China more powerful.（划线部分为定语） b. ,hard-working and open-minded Chinese are making full of resources more powerful .（划线部分为状语）,Hard-working and open-minded,full of resources,With time going on,than before as expected,即时练习按要求对下列句子进行扩展1.Students buy books.（至少要含非谓语、介词短 语和从句等作定语）2.Students work.（至少要含非谓语、介词短语和 从句等作状语）,The diligent students in our class often buy some books written in English on science,which are really well worth buying.,In order to improve their school subjects,students work hard in the classroom so that they forget to go out after class.,3.The man gave me a pen.（至少含一个不定式短 语，一个现在分词短语）,In order to help me,the old man standing over there gave me a red pen to write with the day before yesterday.,自主检测品句填词1.After he heard the bad news,his face took on a (焦虑的) expression.2.Im (心甘情愿的) to help you.3.There have been several (袭击) on foreigners recently.4.She is very m with money.She wouldnt give a cent to help the poor child.5.He is always ready to give money to beggars.He is g .,worried,willing,attacks,ean,enerous,6.Several hours later,with the help of the police,the students managed to e from the dangerous place,hungry and frightened.7.The man was s to 10 years imprisonment for robbing the bank.8.In my o ,most people learn by doing,not by sitting in the classroom and reading. 9.If you feel cold while sleeping,you can add a b on your quilt. 10.As a well-educated person,its hard for us to imagine that she treated the boy with such (残忍).,scape,entenced,pinion,lanket,cruelty,.短语运用1.A monument (纪念碑) was in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives for the country.2.He led the workers in the war.3.After Hitler in Germany, Einstein was forced to go to America. ,as a matter of fact,come to power,free from,lose heart,in one way,set up,worry about,fight against,set up,fighting against,came to power,4. ,social customs vary in different parts of the world. 5.Many people think the changes are an improvement .6.When her son returned,she was at last anxiety.7.That football team had won no games and it . 8.Dont be worried,because there is nothing to .,As a matter of fact,in one way,free from,lost heart,worry about,.完成句子1.Madame Curie, (致力于科 学),was a great woman.(devote)2. (事实上),I have the womans name written down somewhere. (fact) 3.The emperor (当权) for seventeen years.(power)4.To collect money,the stars wil (义务献唱) at the evening party. (free) 5.He whispered to his wife (害怕) he might wake up the sleeping baby.(fear),devoted to science,As a matter of fact,has been in power,sing for,free,for fear that,.单项填空1.The time he has devoted in the past ten years the disabled is now considered of great value. A.to help;beingB.to helping;to be C.to help;to beD.helping;being 解析 该句的前一部分考查了devote ones time to doing sth.结构。the time之后跟了省 略关系代词which/that的定语从句。句意为：他 在过去的十年中用在帮助残疾人身上的时间现在 被认为是很有价值的。,B,2.As a(n) his contribution to botany,Joseph Banks had a flower named after him. A.reward;for B.reward;with C.award;for D.award;with 解析 as a reward for.意为“作为对的 回报/报酬”；award表示“奖励，奖赏”。句意 为：为了回报约瑟夫班克斯对植物学的贡献， 人们用他的名字命名了一种花。,A,3.The Red Army soldiers had to fight all kinds of difficulties in their fight the peoples freedom. A.for;forB.with;with C.against;againstD.against;for 解析 fight against和作斗争；fight for 为获取而战斗。句意为：红军为了人民的自 由不得不和各种各样的困难作斗争。,D,4.Either you or the headmaster the prizes to the gifted students at the meeting. A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 解析 either.or.连接两个并列名词作主语 时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则，故可排除B和C； 又因为奖品还没有发放，故用to do结构表示将来。 句意为：要么是你，要么是校长，在大会上给那 些有才华的学生颁奖。,D,5.The gestures (手势) are both by the Chinese and foreigners as the same meaning. A.accepted;having B.accepted;to have C.received;having D.received;to have 解析 句意为：这些手势表达相同的意思，中国 人和外国人都可接受。accept表示主观上的“接 受”，而receive表示客观上的“收到”。as在这 里是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。,A,6.There are many cards for you to . A.choose from B.choosing from C.be chosen f