2011高三英语一轮复习：被动语态复习

被动语态复习,一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,二、各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：Youarerequiredtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.,4）现在进行时：Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.5）过去进行时：Thenewroadwasbeingmade.6）现在完成时：Thenovelhasbeenread.7)情态动词：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.,1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,三、主动语态变被动语态,Shoes,aremade,(bythem),inthatfactory.,一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词,3LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly,PollycanbetakengoodcareofbyLingFeng.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,4.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词,5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,6Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,7Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight,Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词,四、何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen我的自行车被盗了。,三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：ItissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseandItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知Itiswellknownthat据推测说Itissupposedthat,四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao魏华是被林涛叫来的。,五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989六、表示礼貌时。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8：00pmtomorrow敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。,五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt,2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou,3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998【误】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998,4.由“动词名词”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正】Theboymakefacesinclass【误】FacesaremadebytheboyinclassGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter,Practice,先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句1PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina2Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,3Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow4Wehavemadetwentymorebeds5LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.6Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8：00lastnight,一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？UncleLilentustheboatlastweek（变被动）,WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweekTheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek（加上了to，有的也加for）,Mummademeanewdress.,IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.,间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make，draw，buy等。,二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees（变被动）,Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents（加上了to）,这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。,Exercises,1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.,areused,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.,Theticketwasfound,wastold,5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He_onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers_tohelpthem.,wasmadetohave,canbe,used,7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?_atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_ourwork_today?,Weremanytreesplanted,Mustbefinished,9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)_somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_.,weweregiven,were,giventous,10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_bywomeninthisfactory.,wasasked,isdone,12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike_intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine_threetimesaday.,canbemended,mustbe,taken,14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?_thisquestionoften_about_?,isstudied,Is,talked,bythem,16.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?（变为主动语态）_Tom_thewindow?,behelped,Didbreak,18.Thetractorwasntdrivenoutoftheroad.He_thetractoroutoftheroad.19.DoesntBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_thestreet_byBobeveryday?,didntdrive,Isntcleaned,20.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_bythemtofinishthework?,Whatcanbe,done,21.Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor.Thedoctor_the_thenewmedicine.,didnt,makeanyof,childrentry,将下列句子改为被动语态1Wesweeptheflooreveryday2Hedoesmorningexerciseseverymorning3Hegavemeabookyesterday,巩固练习,4Thenursestakecareofthesickoldman5Youcantakethebookoutofthereadingroom6Whatdotheworkersusethemachinefor？7Imadehimworktwohourseveryday,8ClassOnewillhelpthefarmerstomorrow9WehavelearnedtwothousandEnglishwords10Wef