2009年高考冲刺复习专题：巧妙破解英语长难句顺利应对高考阅读理

,Warmlywelcometoourclass!,2009年高考冲刺复习专题：巧妙破解英语长难句顺利应对高考阅读理解,桂林市第八中学肖满涛执教班级：高2006（2）班,巧妙破解英语长难句顺利应对阅读理解题,高考阅读理解特征分析英语长难句分析与理解,高考英语阅读理解短文常见体裁(2008),高考英语阅读理解常见题型,主旨大意题事实细节题推理判断题观点态度题词义猜测题,近年“阅读理解”容量综合对比（全国卷I）,如何做好高考阅读理解题,迅速理解基本句型结构分析理解长难句语句对同义词语进行转换获取特定信息发掘深层含义利用跨文化知识运用基本生活常识,英语长难句分析与理解,简单句的五种基本句型基础部分长难句分析与破解技巧,简单句的五种基本句型,.主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi.）.主语+连系动词+表语S+linkV.+SC.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语S+Vt.+O.主语+谓语（双宾语动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语S+Vt.+I.O.+D.O.主语+谓语（复合宾语动词）+宾语+宾补S+Vt.+O+OC,练习：分析下列简单句的类型结构,Timeflies.Inspringthegrassturnsgreen.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabor.Wesawthepolicecatchingthethief.,Thetwoconcertscost4milliondollars,but7milliondollarswerecollectedfromticketsalesandafurther7milliondollarscamefromradioandTVcompanies.,常见并列连词：and,but,or,so,yet,for,while,but,and,并列句,英语复合句,1.PeoplewhogotoaformalWesterndinnerpartyforthefirsttimemaybesurprisedbytablemannersinWesternculture.,S,AttributiveClause,P(情态动词的被动形式),主语=S谓语(动词)=P/V.(Vi./Vt.)宾语=O(I.O./D.O.)宾语补足语=O.C.M表语(主语补足语)=S.C.定语从句=Attributive状语=Adverbial定语=AttributiveClause状语从句=AdverbialClause,试译下列俗语、谚语等,Themanisdangerous.Awhitedressbecomesher.Sheistheappleofherfatherseye.Mywifeisanangelofawoman.Itisoneofmanylanguagebooksthatarenowflyingoffbooksellersshelves.,Morehaste,lessspeed.Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowilltry.Wherethereislife,thereishope.Whatmaybedoneatanytimewillbedoneatnotime.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.,英语长难句分析与理解技巧,影响英语长难句的主要障碍破解英语长难句的主要技巧,示范：,Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimulationwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.,Behavioristssuggestthat,whoisraisedinanenvironment,thechild,wheretherearemanystimulation,whichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponses,willexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.,定语从句修饰stimulation,定语从句修饰thechild,定语从句修饰environment,主句,宾语从句,行为主义者认为,如果儿童的成长环境里,有许多刺激因素,这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展,儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平,影响英语长难句的主要障碍,定语从句状语从句名词性从句非谓语形式with开头的符合结构特殊句式与结构各种结构混杂在一起,破解英语长难句的主要技巧,英语长句真费神理清主从两部分句中找句要耐心遇句查找主谓宾特殊句式需记心分隔现象细查清能破难句促你成,EdwardWilsonisAmericas,ifnottheworlds,leadingnaturalist.InTheFutureofLife,hetakesusonatouroftheworldsnaturalresources(资源).Howaretheyused?Whathasbeenlost?Whatremainsandisitabletocontinuewiththepresentspeedofuse?Wilsonalsopointsouttheneedtounderstandfullythebiodiversity(生物多样性)ofourearth.,例1（NMET2008全国卷E篇）,NMET2008全国卷E篇,Wilsonbeginswithanopenlettertothepioneerinenvironment(环境)protection,HenryDavidThoreau.HecomparestodaysWaldenPondwiththatofThoreausday.Wilsonwillusesuchcomparisonsfortherestofthebook.Theproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.Vantheearth,withhumanhelp,bemadetoreturntobiodiversitylevelsthatwillbeabletosupportusinthefuture?,NMET2008全国卷E篇,Biodiversity,Wilsonargues,isthekeytosettlingmanyproblemstheearthfacestoday.Evenouragriculturalcropscangainadvantagesfromit.Amerehundredspecies(物种)arethebasisofourfoodsupply,ofwhichbuttwentycarrytheload.Wilsonsuggestschangingthissituationbylookingintotenthousandspeciesthatcouldbemadeuseof,whichwillbeawaytoreducetheclearingofthenaturalhomesofplantsandanimalstoenlargefarmingareas.,Amerehundredspecies(物种)arethebasisofourfoodsupply,ofwhichbuttwentycarrytheload.,Amerehundredspecies(物种)arethebasisofourfoodsupplyandonlytwentyofthemcarrytheload.,Wilsonsuggestschangingthissituationbylookingintotenthousandspeciesthatcouldbemadeuseof,whichwillbeawaytoreducetheclearingofthenaturalhomesofplantsandanimalstoenlargefarmingareas.,通过对一万种可以被当作食物的物种进行调查，Wilson建议改变这种情况，扩大农作物的耕种面积，这将是减少对动植物自然家园的破坏的一种途径。,Wilsonsuggeststhatonewaytokeepbiodiversityistousemorespeciesforfood.,NMET2008全国卷E篇,73.Howmanyspeciesaremostimportanttoourpresentfoodsupply?A.Twenty.B.Eighty.C.OnehundredD.Tenthousand.74.Wilsonsuggeststhatonewaytokeepbiodiversityisto_.A.learnhowtofarmscientificallyB.buildhomesforsomedyingspeciesC.makeitclearwhattoeatD.usemorespeciesforfood,NMET2008全国卷E篇,本文介绍了美国著名的自然学家EdwardWilson在他的著作TheFutureofLife中和我们谈论如何使用好地球上的自然资源，如何保持地球物种的多样性（biodiversity）以及让人们明白环保的重要性等有关生活与环境问题的书评。,Somethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicines,sayUKresearchers.Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine，foundincocoa，wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine，whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.,例2：选自(NMET2008全国llD篇),第一个句子中有一个宾语从句，宾语从句中有一过去分词短语foundincocoa作定语，还有一个非限制性定语从句；,that,foundincocoa,which,译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。,例2：选自(NMET2008全国llD篇),TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment，“whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful(有害的)itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeand”thisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem，”saidProfessorPeterBarnes.,who,在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得巴恩斯教授说道：“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。,例3,MuchoftheenergythatcomesfromtheSunneverreachestheEarthssurface.Itiseitherreflectedorabsorbedbythegasesintheupperatmosphere.Oftheenergythatreachestheloweratmosphere，30%isreflectedbycloudsortheEarthssurface.Theremaining70%warmsthesurfaceoftheplanet.(NMET2008江苏卷B篇),60.OnlyasmallpartoftheSunsenergyreachestheEarthssurfacebecausemostofitis_.A.absorbedbythecloudsintheloweratmosphereB.reflectedbythegasesintheupperatmosphereC.lostintheupperandloweratmosphereD.usedtoevaporatewaterfromtheoceansandlakes,简析：句子中含有两个定语从句，这是解题的关键。either.or连结的是并列结构。译文：来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面，这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。在到达低层大气的能量中，有30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖。,补充练习2,Theendlesschoicegivesbirthtoanxietyinpeopleslives.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeople，endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway，orjustbuyinganunsuitableitem(商品)thatisnotreallywanted.(NMET2008重庆卷E篇),简析：句子中夹杂着固定短语，v-ing式作主语，复杂主语，v-ing式作结果状语以及定语从句。译文：无穷尽的选择给人们的生活带来了无尽的烦恼。买像咖啡壶这样最基本的东西也不是那么简单了。对许多人而言，面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼花瞭乱、不知所措，结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆而去，或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品。,73.Whydomorechoicesofgoodsgiverisetoanxiety?A.Professionalsfindithardtodecideonasuitableproduct.B.Peoplearelikelytofindthemselvesovercomebybusinesspersuasion.C.Shoppersmayfindthemselveslostinthebroadrangeofitems.D.Companiesandadvertisersareoftenmisleadingabouttherangeofchoice.,例5：,Nogirlshouldmarryamanwhoselastnamehasthesameinitialashers,for,astherhymegoes,Changethenamebutnottheletter,marryforworseinsteadofbetter.,这是个主从复合句。for是连接词,引导状语从句。astherhymegoes是插入语,插在for和它引导的从句之间,造成for和它引导的从句的分离,翻译时,可译成一个主谓结构。,译文：姑娘不该嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相同的人,因为正如一首童谣所说：改姓不改首字母,婚后必将受其苦。,高考英语长难句类型5与破解策略,题例5（NMET2001E篇）：Whereasawomansclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasntunusualtohearamansayhedidntknowhisfriendsmarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.,Itwasntunusualtohearamansaynotuntilnotunusual=usual,一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻；而听见一个男人说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。,例6,Finishreadingthefollowingpassageinsixminutesafterclass.Ifpossibleandnecessary,analysesomeofthelonganddifficultsentencesinthepassageusingthemethodsandtechniquesintroduedinthislecture.,NMET2008全国卷A篇,Therewasastorymanyyearsagoofaschoolteacher-Mrs.Thompson.Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasalie.ThereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.Hedidntplaywellwiththeotherchildrenandhealwaysneededabath.Shedidnotlikehim.,Butthatwasalie.ThereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.,41.WhatdidMrs.Thompsondoonthefirstdayofschool?A.ShemadeTeddyfeelashamed.B.SheaskedthechildrentoplaywithTeddy.C.ShechangedTeddysseattothefrontrow.D.Shetoldtheclasssomethinguntrueaboutherself.,例8,ThenMrs.ThompsongottoknowthatTeddywasactuallyaverygoodboybeforethedeathofhismother.Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherself.Shefeltevenworsewhen,likeallherotherstudents,TeddybroughtheraChristmaspresenttoo.Itwashismothersperfume(香水)。,NMET2008全国卷A篇,ThenMrs.ThompsongottoknowthatTeddywasactuallyaverygoodboybeforethedeathofhismother.,wasashamedof,Shefeltevenworsewhen,likeallherotherstudents,TeddybroughtheraChristmaspresenttoo.Itwashismothersperfume(香水),42.WhatdidMrs.ThompsonfindoutaboutTeddy?A.Heoftentoldlies.B.Hewasgoodatmath.C.Heneededmotherlycare.D.Heenjoyedplayingwithothers.,透露出小孩子失去母亲的孤单。,NMET2008全国卷A篇,Teddysaid,“Mrs.Thompson,todayyousmelljustlikemyMomusedto.”Afterthechildrenleftshecriedforatleastanhour.Onthatveryday,shestoppedteachingreading,writingandmath.Instead,shebegantoteachchildren.,这句让她心灵震撼的话语刺激了她的泪水，也同时彻底改变了她对小孩子的成见和彻底让她认识了自己的职业：由教“书”转变为教“孩子”。,43.InwhatwaydidMrs.Thompsonchange?A.Shetaughtfewerschoolsubjects.B.Shebecamestricterwithherstudents.C.Shenolongerlikedherjobasateacher.D.Shecaredmoreabouteducatingstudents.,NMET2008全国卷A篇,Mrs.ThompsonpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy.Theboysmindseemedtocomealive.Themoresheencouragehim,thefasterheimproved.Bytheendofthesixthgrade,Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.,她的关注也让小孩Teddy彻底发生了改变：慢慢变成了好学生。一直到大学乃至成为医学博士。对老师的感恩之心也一直延续下来。,NMET2008全国卷A篇,SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanotefromTeddy.Hewrotethathehadfinishedhighschool,thirdinhisclass,andshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelift.Hewenttocollege.Mrs.Thompsongottwomorelettersfromhimwiththelastonesigned,TheodoreF.Stoddard,M.D.(医学博士).,NMET2008全国卷A篇,Thestorydoesntendthere.Onhisweddingda