2012高考复习-形容词、副词、介词和动词短语

,语法专题形容词、副词、介词和动词短语,安徽休宁中学胡文明,目录考点要览疑难点击实战演练,高三英语学生学习课件,考点要览,高三英语学生学习课件,考点要览形容词和副词介词和动词,高三英语学生学习课件,形容词作定语及多个时的位置顺序形容词和副词的比较等级用法何时形容词后置-ly结尾的形容词定语形容词和表语形容词词形一致的形容词和副词,形容词和副词,高三英语学生学习课件,介词,介词基本用法及易混淆介词的区别常见的各种介词搭配及意义易错常考介词及其搭配,动词,形状相似动词的误用及物动词与不及物动词的误用动词短语的形式和意义使用动词时应注意的问题,高三英语学生学习课件,疑难点击,高三英语学生学习课件,疑难点击形容词和副词介词动词,高三英语学生学习课件,（一）形容词和副词形容词是以修饰名词或表示人或事物的特征的词，在句中充当定语修饰名词，代词，也可做表语表示主语的状态特征，也可做主语，状语副词在句中修饰动词，形容词或其他副词，在句中做状语，个别也做表语，定语，补语。1多个形容词修饰同一名词时的排列顺序：,高三英语学生学习课件,形容词和副词多个形容词修饰同一名词时的排列顺序何时形容词后置-ly结尾的形容词同根副词辨析比较等级的常见句型比较等级的修饰语,高三英语学生学习课件,巧学妙记限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。,高三英语学生学习课件,2何时形容词后置：（1）修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything等时，例：Thereissomethingdifficultinthisbook.（2）形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语的时候。例：Thisisastudentworthofpraise.（3）用and或or连接两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后，起强调修饰的作用。例：Theywillturntheirmotherlandintoacountry,beautifulandmodern.（4）形容词同表示数量的词组连用时亦放在后面。例：,高三英语学生学习课件,Thepipeistwelvefeetlong.3-ly结尾的形容词：名词+ly结尾构成的词常作形容词。如：live生命，生活lively生动的，活泼的love热爱lovely可爱的friend朋友friendly友好的4同根副词辨析：（1）close接近地closely仔细地，密切地（2）free免费地freely自由地，无拘束地（3）hard努力地hardly几乎（4）late晚，迟lately近来,高三英语学生学习课件,（5）most极，非常mostly主要地（6）wide广阔地widely广泛地（7）high高highly高度地，非常地（8）loud大声的loudly大声地（含有喧闹意思）（9）deep深，迟deeply抽象意义上的“深”（10）near邻近nearly几乎5比较等级的常见句型：（1）as+原级+as（as+原级+a/an+单数可数名词+as），其否定形式为notas/so+原级+as（2）比较级+than+比较对象（less+原级+比较对象）,高三英语学生学习课件,（3）比较级+and+比较对象或moreandmore+原级（4）the+比较级，the+比较级（5）the+比较级+ofthetwo（6）the+最高级（+单数可数名词）+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词（7）beoneof/among+the+最高级+复数名词（8）thelast+原级（+单数可数名词）+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词6比较等级的修饰语：（1）修饰原级：fairly,quite,rather,so,very,too等。（2）修饰比较级：much,even,far,rather,still,any,no(而不用very,quite,fairly，Greatly等)，abit,alittle,ahead,twometres,agreatdeal.alot,byfar等。,高三英语学生学习课件,介词原因不同，介词有别易错常考的介词及其搭配,高三英语学生学习课件,（3）修饰最高级：byfar,much,almost,nearly或序数词等。（二）介词：1原因不同，介词有别：（1）at常表示某种表情的起因，通常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等的过去分词或形容词连用。（2）with多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。（3）over常用于带有感情色彩的动词cry,weep,laugh,mourn,sigh等之后，叙述所发生事情的原因。,高三英语学生学习课件,（4）from常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因。（5）of多用于表示自身的原因，如死因、病因等。（6）for多与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason,famous等词连用。,高三英语学生学习课件,2易错常考的介词及其搭配：bemadeof用制成（物理变化）Thehouseismadeofwood.那幢房屋是木头造的。bemadefrom用制成（化学变化）Wineismadefromgrapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿成的。bemadein（某地）生产ThebikesaremadeinTianji.这种自行车是天津生产的。,(1).,高三英语学生学习课件,makeinto使变为Thehutscanbemadeintotemporaryhouse.这些简陋的小屋可改装为临时住宅。makeof对作如何解法Whatdoyoumakeofthisstrangeletter?你对这封奇怪的信作何想法？养成Hewantstomakeadoctorofhisson.他想把儿子培养成医生。,(2).,高三英语学生学习课件,havesome/greattrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.我要解决这个问题很困难。haveahabit/idea/planofdoingsth.有做某事的习惯/方法/计划Shehasahabitofreadinginbed.她习惯在床上看书。,(3).,高三英语学生学习课件,callat+访问对象是家Illcallathishouselater.等下我要顺道去他家里拜访。callon+访问对象是人Illcallonhimlater.等下我要去他那里拜访他。callforsb.=goandpicksb.up去接某人Illcallforyouatfour.=Illgoandpickyouupatfour.我将于4点去接你。callontodo向要求Theteachercalledonmetospeakatthemeeting.老师让我在会上发言。,(4).,高三英语学生学习课件,bepleasedtodosth.乐意做某事Hewillbepleasedtohelpyou.他会乐意帮助你。bepleasedwithsb./sth.对满意；满足于Sheispleasedwiththegift.她对这件礼物很满意。Imvery(much)pleasedwithwhatshehasone.我对她所做的事感到满意。,(5).,高三英语学生学习课件,betiredfrom因而疲倦Hewasverytiredfromrunning.他因跑步而很疲倦。betiredof厌烦Imtiredofboiledeggs.我吃厌了煮鸡蛋。Shegottiredofreading.她厌烦了读书。,(6).,高三英语学生学习课件,insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事Sheinsistedonstayinghere.她坚持要呆在这里。persistindoingsth.坚持要做某事（坚持做不好的事居多）Hepersistsinwearingthatold-fashionedhat.他坚持要戴那顶旧帽子。goondoningsth.继续做原来正在做的事Ihopeitwontgoonrainingallday.我希望不会整天下雨。,(7).,高三英语学生学习课件,steal+偷窃物+from+人或地点Hestoleabookfromtheshelf.他从书架上偷了本书。Hestolemoneyfromher.=Hestolehermoney.他偷了她的钱。rob+人或地点+of+偷窃物Herobbedherofhermoney.他抢了她的钱。,(8).,高三英语学生学习课件,bymeansof使用Weexpressourfeelingsbymeansofwords.我们使用语言表达情感。bywayof经过，经由HecamebywayofBeijing.他经由北京来此。bytheway顺便说一下（常用作插入语）Bytheway,whereareyougoing?顺便问一下，你要去哪儿？onthe/onesway在途中Imethimonmywayto/fromschool.我在上学（放学）途中碰到他。Heisonthewaytosuccess.他正走在成功的路上。inthe/onesway妨碍Dontstandinthe(my)way.别挡我的道。inaway在某种意义上Inawaysheisfoolish.在某种程度上，她有点傻。,(9).,高三英语学生学习课件,setaboutdoingsth.开始做某事Shesetaboutwashingherbike.她开始洗自己的自行车。setouttodosth.为了某个目标而努力，朝某个目标进行Hesetouttomakehisfirstmillioninfiveyears.他决心在五年内挣到第一个一百万。ondoingsth.相当于assoonas引起时间状语从句。例：Onhearingthenews,sheburstintotears.她一听到这个消息，就放声大哭。Onarrivingatthestation,Itelephonedher.我一到火车站，就给她打电话。,(10).,(11).,高三英语学生学习课件,动词使用动词时应注意的问题动词与介词/副词的常见搭配形容词与介词的常见搭配名词与介词的常见搭配,高三英语学生学习课件,（三）动词1使用动词时应注意的问题（1）need,want与require的用法作“需要”讲时，必须用动名词或不定式的被动式作宾语，这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。例：Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.门需要修理。（2）能与形容词等到构成系表结构的动词appear,be,become,come,fall,feel,get,go,grow,keep,lie,look,prove,remain,rise,run,seem,sit,smell,sound,stand,taste,wear等。例：Themomentshewenttobed,shefellasleep.她躺到床上，就睡着了。,高三英语学生学习课件,（3）常用常考的几种句型should(would)liketodosth.（很想做某事）hadbetterdosth.（最好做某事）feellikedoingsth.（想要做某事）wouldratherdosth.（宁愿做某事）havesth.done（让某事被做）havesb.dosth.（让某人做某事）havesb.doing(让某人一直进行某动作或保持某状态)（4）避免意义重复要注意有些动词本身的含义，避免加添意义重复的词。例：repeat=doorsayagain(repeat之后不加again),高三英语学生学习课件,return=comeorgoback(return之后不加back)enter=comeorgointo（enter之后不加into）hearfrom=getorreceiveonesletter（hearfrom之后不加letter）（5）助动词do,does与did的用法助动词do,does,did可用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，与动词原形连用，表示加强语气。例：Hermotherdoesspeakwell.她母亲的确讲得很好。2动词与介词/副词的常见搭配（1）v.+about:speak,talk,care,set,hear,think,bring,come,worry,高三英语学生学习课件,（2）v.+away:throw,carry,die,wash,put,wear,send,blow,clear,pass,take,give,break等（3）v.+back:keep,hold,call,look,give,take等（4）v.+for:run,wait,long,care,search,call,seek,ask,stand,hope,wish,look,hunt,come等（5）v.+down:burn,take,cut,pass,settle,tear,break,turn,slow,put,bring,come等（6）v.+at:come,run,tear,stare,glance,knock,smile,aim,wonder,shout,work,look,glare,laugh,point,strike,shoot,call等（7）v.+from:differ,hear,keep,stop,prevent,learn,date,suffer,die,separate等,高三英语学生学习课件,（8）v.+of:think,talk,dream,speak,die,hear,become等（9）v.+off:start,leave,get,see,put,cut,keep,knock,pay,get,turn,set,show,take,ring,come,fall,go,break,carry,give等（10）v.+on:depend,insist,keep,goput,move,feed,have,look,carry,call,live,bring,try,pass,turn等（11）v.+out:break,pick,burst,carry,hold,point,bring,held,set,wear,make,cross,keep,find,try,put,hand,run,let,turn,come,leave,work,give,look,speak,send,go等（12）v.+in:give,bring,result,join,get,fill,cut,look,hand,drop,succeed,break,call等,高三英语学生学习课件,（13）v.+into:look,burst,run,turn,divide,put,translate等（14）v.+over:turn,go,get,take,fall,think,look,run,watch,roll等（15）v.+to:belong,refer,turn,see,reply,get,compare,agree,supply,add,devote,object,point,come,bring,stick,hold,deep等（16）v.+up:grow,build,put,do,get,pick,bring,turn,stay,give,set,go,take,sit,use,cut,end,speed,burn,hurry,keep,send,open,eat,tear,make,join,come,throw,look,catch,fix,hold,ring等（17）v.+through:get,look,go,see,pull,put,cut等,高三英语学生学习课件,（18）v.+with:deal,meet,agree,end,do,compare,begin,play,provide,supply等3.形容词与介词的常见搭配（1）adj.+at:afraid,angry,good,bad,clever,terrified,surprised,present,shocked等（2）adj.+of:afraid,sure,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy,certain,careful,free,kind,short,shy等（3）adj.+with:angry,strict,careful,busy,popular,patient,pleased,crowded,sick,wrong,content等（4）adj.+in:weak,strict,rich,interested,dressed,successful,honest,strong,fortunate等（5）adj.+to:next,good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,dear,common,equal,know,高三英语学生学习课件,married,close,near,similar,due,opposite,second,obvious,strange,thankful,suitable,junior等（6）adj.+for:sorry,good,famous,fit,unfit,eager,ready,thankful,anxious,hungry等（7）adj.+from:far,different,free,safe,absent,tired,away,separate等（8）adj.+about:sorry,worried,anxious,careful,sure,certain,curious,happy,nervous,excited等4.名词与介词的常见搭配（1）by+n.表示方式：hand,air,bus,bike,plane,train,machine,radio,letter,高三英语学生学习课件,telegraph,telegraph,telegram,price,distance,mistake,time,chance,accident等（2）at+n.表示状态：breakfast,workdinner,play,sea,war,peace,school,rest等（3）of+n.表示特征：value,importance,use,help,interest等（4）under+n.表示被动：discussion,construction,consideration,repair,treatment,flood等（5）in+n.表示方式：English,character,shape,size,length,height,width,depth,color,code,cash,surprise,peace,public,shame,fun,joke,silence,comfort等（6）with+n.表示方式：pleasure,delight,fear,satisfaction,difficulty,ease,pride等,高三英语学生学习课件,（7）in+n.表示状态：bed,prison,difficulty,debt,business,sight,order,condition,practice,doubt,battle,health,trouble,danger等（8）on+n.表示状态：holiday,vacation,fire,guard,business,tour,show,strike,line,sale,duty等（9）outof+n.表示状态：sight,mind,danger,trouble,office,business,breath,condition,fashion,order,debt,control等,高三英语学生学习课件,实战演练,高三英语学生学习课件,实战演练实战一实战二实战三实战四实战五实战六实战七实战八实战九参考答案,高三英语学生学习课件,1.MrBlackboughta_purseforhiswife.A.smallblackleatherB.blackleathersmallC.smallleatherblackD.blacksmallleather2.Itisbelievedthat_youwork,_resultyoullget.A.theharder;thebetterB.themorehard;themorebetterC.theharder;abetterD.morehard;morebetter3.Longjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous.Butwhichdoyouthink_?A.tastesbestB.smellsmostC.soundsbestD.drinksmostly,高三英语学生学习课件,4.Therailwaywasopened_traffic_April4,1985.A.to;onB.to;inC.by;onD.for;on5.Heleftthemeetingearlybecausehehadto_hisdaughterfromschool.A.takeupB.putupC.pickupD.catchupwith6.Its_lunchtime,youmustbehungrynow,_you?A.almost;mustntB.about;dontC.nearly;arentD.already;havent7.Wehaveplantedthousandsoftreesinrecentyears.Thisyear_weveplantedtenthousandtrees.,高三英语学生学习课件,A.evenB.justC.aloneD.only8.Whatstheweatherlikeinwinterhere?Its_warmerinwinterherethaninyourhometown.A.veryB.fairlyC.quiteD.rather9.Goodwaysofdoingthingsmeansavingtime,and_itisnecessaryforustofindthem.A.stillB.howeverC.thereforeD.otherwise10._believedtheyoungman.A.AlmostnooneB.HardlynooneC.NearlynooneD.Littlenoone11.Lucy.doyouhavearuler?Yes,Ido.Butits.,高三英语学生学习课件,A.verysmalloneB.anonlysmallrulerC.quitesmallrulerD.onlyasmallone12.Theexperimentwas_easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch13.Youshouldalwayskeepthispoison_childrensreach.Itsverydangerous.A.intoB.underC.fromD.outof14.Imgladtosaythathesalreadyfinished_50%ofthebookinthesethreedays.A.nolessthanB.nomorethanC.notmorethanD.muchlessthan,高三英语学生学习课件,15.Itisa_difficultquestion,soits_impossibleformetoanswerit.A.too;quiteB.so;fairlyC.rather;quiteD.very;rather16.Annactsquiteunfriendly.Ithinkshes_thanunfriendly.A.shyerB.shyC.rathershyD.moreshy17.Inourcity,wehave_trafficlaws.Andeveryonemustobeythem.A.seriousB.strictC.regularD.general18.WheresPeter?Hehasgoneaway_theweekend.A.forB.atC.inD.during,高三英语学生