动名词的用法.ppt

,ModuleTwo,语法点的讲练,动名词,Grammar,动名词的定义,它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing,动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。,动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例）,注意：动名词的否定形式是：notwriting,V-ing形式的构成方式：,1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾ing。eg.gogoing;dodoing;askasking;read-readingstudystudying;carrycarrying;flyflying;worryworrying;2.在以不发音的e结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加-ing。ecominglivelivingdancedancingmakemaking3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加ing.sitsitting;runrunning;beginbeginning;forgetforgetting4.在少数几个以ie结尾的动词后：须将ie变作y，再加-ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明)eg.diedying;tietyinglielying,动名词能在句中充当什么成分？,以及同位语,动名词的基本用法,用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。1)Itisnouse/good/useless+doing2)Itisawasteoftime+doing3)Itisfun+doing在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。Itsnousecryingoverspilt溢出milk.(覆水难收）Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好。,3.句型Thereis往往用于说明不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在。类似一种建议、命令等。1)Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.2)ThereisnodenyingthefactthatChinahasmadearapidprogressineveryaspectsinceitwasfounded.不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。3)Thereisnolitteringabout.不许乱扔杂物。,2.用作宾语,1）作动词的宾语某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay推迟耽误,practise,resist坚持suggest,dependon,thinkabout,setabout开始做,succeedin,worryabout,burstout突然发生,insiston,beusedto,getusedto,devoteto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto准备等。如：Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.他们继续走，说个不停。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。,为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：,后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：,避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意,avoid,miss,postpone/putoff,suggest,finish,practice,enjoy,imagine,canthelp,admit,deny,envy,escape,risk,excuse,stand,keep,mind,2）作介词的宾语Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我们休息呢还是开始干活？Despitelackingmoney,hisparentssenthimtoagooduniversity.Hewaslateagainbecauseofgettinguplate.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbeforegoingout.What/Howaboutthetwoofusplayinggames？,注意：to在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdownto开始认真做payattentiontodevoteoneselfto献身于leadtocontributetoobjectto（反对）Letsgetdowntopreparingfortheexam.,动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：giveup,canthelp,feellike,beworth,bebusy,setabout开始做某事,putoff,thinkof，insiston等Icanthelplovingyou.Doyoufeellikehavingabreak?4)既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表达的意义不同。Irememberseeingheratthehotel.我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)Iwillremembertoseeheratthehotel.我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生),1remember/forget/regret,todo动作尚未发生,doing动作已经发生,2.try,todo设法、努力去做，尽力,doing试试去做（看有何结果）,3.mean,todo打算做（主语一般是人）,doing意味着（主语一般是物）,4.regret,todo对将要做的事抱歉,doing对已经发生的事感到后悔,5.stop,todo停下去做另外一件事,doing停止做手头的事情,注意,1.在一些动名词（短语）作介词in的宾语的结构中，介词in可以省略。这些结构有：1）difficultytroubleS+have+problem+(in)doing.agood/hardtimefun2)Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.3)bebusyS+losetime+(in)doing.wastetime4)S+spendtime/money(in)doingsth.,注意,在带有宾补的结构中，往往用it作形式宾语而将真正宾语（动名词）放在句尾。,Iconsideritawasteoftimearguingaboutit.Wefoundituselessdiscussingitagain.Idongthinkitworthwhiledoingitrightnow.,thinkconsideruselessS+findit+nouse+doingfeellikenogoodetc.,Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.),作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。,）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构Wouldyoumind_（我开窗户吗）？Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?my/me称为动名词的逻辑主语IcantunderstandJack/Jacksleavinghiswife.Icantunderstandhis/himleavinghiswife.Jacks/Hisleavinghiswifeisunbelievable.动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构,动名词的几个注意事项,逻辑主语通常是由物主代词，人称代词宾格，名词所有格，名词构成。在句子开头时，必须使用物主代词或名词所有格。Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.,（四）动名词作定语,动名词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前，与所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示所修饰的名词的功能、作用。Thesepassagesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterials.Mr.Wangsuffersfrominsomnia(失眠),hehastotakeasleepingtablets（药片）beforegoingtobed.Heistoooldandhastowalkwiththehelpofawalkingstick（棍棒）.,nsmn,tblt,动名词做同位语,Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradio,remainsunchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍没有改变。,四、动名词的被动语态,（一）一般式（beingdone)（二）完成式（havingbeendone),（一）一般式（beingdone),当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是该动作的对象（即动名词所表示的动作与逻辑主语有动宾关系）时，动名词一般要用被动式。,Hecameinwithoutbeingasked.Idontmindbeinglefthomeallbymyself.Hedislikedbeinginterruptedinhisexperiment.Tomavoidedbeingpunishedbecauseofhisfathersabsence.Beforebeingused,thecomputershouldbetested.,注意,在want,need,deserve,require等动词及形容词worth后，总是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“tobe+过去分词”。,Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).Thehousewantscleaning.Thewaydeservesmentioning.这个方法值得一提。Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully.TheSelectedPoemsiswellworthreading.,1.Thenewsthatourteamhadbeendefeatedwasdisappointed.2.LucydosentmindtolendyouherMP3.3.Aftertakehismeasure,theydecidedtogivehimtheposition.5.IstillremembertakentoShanghaiwhenIwasachild.,disappointing,lending,taking,being,Correctthemistakesineachsentence.,6.Iamnotusedtobespokentolikethat.7.Wewouldappreciatetohearfromyousoon.8.Peoplesometimescanthelptobuysomethingtheywontneed.9.IcanhardlyimaginePetersailsacrosstheriver.10.Tonywasveryunhappyforhavingnotbeeninvitedtotheparty.,being,hearing,buying,sailing,nothaving,选择题：,1.Mywatchneeds_,butIhavenotimetogototowntohaveit_.torepair;repairedB.toberepaided;repairingC.repairing;repairedD.beingrepaired;repaired2.Youshouldapologizetoyoursisterfor_herthetruth.tellingB.nottellingC.tellingnotD.nottell3.-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_itoff.A.turningB.turnC.toturnD.havingturned,4.Hearingthebadnews,themothercouldnthelp_.tocryB.cryingC.cryD.