(湖北专版)2014高考英语大二轮 阅读理解 第8讲 “不明身份”的代词指代题专题复习课件

第八讲“不明身份”的代词指代题,代词指代题要求考生依据一定的上下文推测代词指代的意义。尤其在人物及事物关系比较复杂的情况下确定代词的指代内容时，更要理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系。,(2013四川卷)OnasunnydaylastAugust，Timheardsomeshouting.Lookingouttotheseacarefully，hesawacoupleofkidsinarowboatwerebeingpulledouttosea.Two12yearoldboys，ChristianandJack，rowedoutaboattosearchforafootball.Oncetheydrowedbeyondthecalmwaters，abeachumbrellatiedtotheboatcaughtthewindandpulledtheboatintoopenwater.Thepairpanickedandtriedtorowbacktoshore.Buttheywerenomatchforitandtheboatwasoutofcontrol.,Timknewitwouldsoonbeswallowedbythewaves.“Everythingwentquietinmyhead，”Timrecalls(回忆)“Iwastryingtofigureouthowtoswimtotheboysinastraightline.”Timtookoffhisclothesandjumpedintothewater.Every500yardsorso，heraisedhisheadtojudgehisprogress.“Atonepoint，Iconsideredturningback，”hesays.“IwonderedifIwasputtingmylifeatrisk.”After30minutesofstruggling，hewascloseenoughtoyelltotheboys，“Takedowntheumbrella！”,Christianmademuchefforttotakedowntheumbrella.ThenTimwasabletocatchupandclimbaboardtheboat.Hetookoverrowing，butthewaveswerealmosttoostrongforhim.“Letsaimforthepier(码头)，”Jacksaid.Timturnedtheboattowardit.Soonafterward，wavescrashedovertheboat，anditbegantosink.“Canyouguysswim？”hecried.“Alittlebit，”theboyssaid.,Oncetheywereinthewater，Timdecideditwouldbesaferandfasterforhimtopulltheboystowardthepier.ChristianandJackwerewearinglifejacketsandfloatedontheirbacks.Timswamtowardlandaswaterwashedovertheboysfaces.“Arewealmostthere？”theyaskedagainandagain.“Yes，”Timtoldthemeachtime.After30minutes，theyreachedthepier.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。全文记叙了Tim成功地从海中解救了两个12岁男孩的故事。,1Whydidthetwoboysgotothesea?ATogoboatrowing.BTogetbacktheirfootball.CToswimintheopenwater.DTotesttheumbrellaasasail.解析：细节理解题。由第二段的Two12yearoldboys.searchforafootball.可知B项正确。答案：B,2Whatdoes“it”inParagraph2referto?AThebeach.BThewater.CTheboat.DThewind.解析：词义猜测题。文中第二段后三句意为：他们一把船划出静水区，绑在船上的沙滩伞就遇到了风，然后把船拖进了开阔的水域。这两个男孩慌了，尽力想划回海岸。但是他们不是大风的对手，船失去了控制。此处的it指的是thewind。本题易误选B和C，但water和boat都是在wind的作用下才产生力量，所以与两个男孩对抗的是thewind。答案：D,3WhydidTimraisehisheadregularly?ATotakeinenoughfreshair.BToconsiderturningbackornot.CTocheckhisdistancefromtheboys.DToasktheboystotakedowntheumbrella.,解析：细节理解题。由第四段Iwastryingtofigureouthowtoswimtotheboysinastraightline.“我在尽力弄清楚如何以最近的路线游到男孩们那里”可知，此处Tim抬头是为了确认他与孩子们之间的距离。A项“吸入足够的新鲜空气”文章未提及，B项“考虑是否要返回去”，由下文可知只是作者一时的想法，而不是每次抬头都会考虑，D项“要求男孩们把伞放下来”是他游到男孩附近才说的，故均排除。答案：C,4Howdidthetwoboysfinallyreachthepier?ATheyweredraggedtothepierbyTim.BTheyswamtothepierallbythemselves.CTheywerewashedtothepierbythewaves.DTheywerecarriedtothepierbyTimonhisback.解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的.Timdecided.topulltheboystowardthepier.可知男孩们是被Tim拖到码头边的。所以A项符合题意。答案：A,做这类题考生首先要返回原文，找出此代词；其次，通过上下文语境，找出该代词指代的名词、名词性词组或句子；再其次，将找到的词、词组或句子代入，替换该代词，看意思是否通顺；最后，将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项相比较，找出意思最接近的选项。,例如真题示例第2题，此题考查代词指代题，文中第二段后三句意为：他们一把船划出静水区，绑在船上的沙滩伞就遇到了风，然后把船拖进了开阔的水域。这两个男孩慌了，尽力想划回海岸。但是他们不是大风的对手，船失去了控制。此处的it指的是thewind。,(2013厦门市高三质量检查)FDAproposedthemostsweepingfoodsafetyrulesindecades，requiringfarmersandfoodcompaniestobemorecautiousinthewakeofdeadlyoutbreaksinpeanuts，cantaloupes(甜瓜)，andleafygreens.,Thelongoverdueregulationsareaimedatreducingtheestimated3,000deathsayearfromfoodborneillness.Justsincelastsummer，outbreaksofListeria(李氏杆菌)incheeseandSalmonella(沙门氏菌)inpeanutbutter，cantaloupesandmangoeshavebeenlinkedtomorethan400illnessesandasmanyassevendeaths，accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControl.Theactualnumberofthosesickenedislikelymuchhigher.,TheFDAsproposedruleswouldrequirefarmerstotakenewprecautionsagainstcontamination(污染)，toincludemakingsureworkershandsarewashed，thatirrigation(灌溉)waterisclean，andthatanimalsstayoutoffields.Foodmanufacturerswillhavetosubmitfoodsafetyplanstothegovernmenttoshowtheyarekeepingtheiroperationsclean.,ManyresponsiblefoodcompaniesandfarmersarealreadyfollowingthestepsthattheFDAwouldnowrequirethemtotake.Butofficialssaytherequirementscouldhavesavedlivesandpreventedillnessesinsomeofthelargescaleoutbreaksthathavehitthecountryinrecentyears.,Ina2011outbreakofListeriaincantaloupesthatclaimed33lives，forexample，FDAinspectorsfoundpoolsofdirtywateronthefloorandold,dirtyprocessingequipmentattheColoradofarmwherethecantaloupesweregrown.Inapeanutbutteroutbreakthisyearlinkedto42Salmonellaillnesses，inspectorsfoundsamplesofSalmonellathroughoutaNewMexicopeanutprocessingplantandmultipleobvioussafetyproblems，suchasbirdsflyingoveruncoveredtrucksofpeanutsandemployeesnotwashingtheirhands.,Underthenewrules，companieswouldhavetolayoutplansforpreventingthosesortsofproblemsandhowtheywouldcorrectthem.“Therulesgoverydirectlytopreventingthetypesofoutbreakswehaveseen，”saidMichaelTaylor，FDAsdeputycommissionerforfoods.语篇解读食品和药物管理局(FDA)提议在未来几十年内要严格执行有关食品安全的规定，谨防食源性疾病的暴发。,1ThemaintaskofFDAisprobably_.AtoprotectandpromotethepublichealthBtohelpthosesickenedrecoverCtoresearchonfoodsafetymeasuresDtodealwithwaterpollution解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thelongoverdueregulationsareaimedatreducingtheestimated3,000deathsayearfromfoodborneillness.”可知，FDA的主要任务可能是保护和提升公众的健康，故选A项。答案：A,2Accordingtothepassage，thenewrulesfocuson_.AinspectingthewholeprocessoffoodproductionBimprovingfoodprocessingequipmentonfarmsCpreventingwaterpollutioninfoodproductionDurgingfoodcompaniestolayoutplans解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，新规定要求农民和制造商确保食品生产的每一个环节安全无污染，故A项“新规定聚焦于监测食品安全的过程”正确。答案：A,3Whatdoestheword“they”inParagraph3referto?AInspectors.BFarmers.CManufacturers.DWorkers.解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的内容可推知，they指代该句话的主语Foodmanufacturers。答案：C,4WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothe