language awareness非人称转述结构.ppt

ImpersonalReportStructures非人称转述结构,非人称转述结构,一、概述当转述人们的一般认识或说的话时，常用这样的结构：Itbe过去分词that从句其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。常用于这一结构的动词有：predict,say,know,believe,think,claim(声称),suppose(认为,猜想),fear(恐怕,担忧)等，这一结构称为非人称转述结构。,二、用法(1)“Itbe过去分词that从句”可以变为“People动词that从句”和“Sb./Sth.be过去分词不定式”两种形式。例：人们说乔治会把他的基因传给新一代。ItissaidthatGeorgewillpassonhisgenestoanewgeneration.PeoplesaythatGeorgewillpassonhisgenestoanewgeneration.Georgeissaidtopassonhisgenestoanewgeneration.,非人称转述结构,非人称转述结构,(2009全国卷)Itisoften_thathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedto(具备)speak.A.saidB.tosayC.sayingD.beingsaid解析：选A。考查固定句式。句式Itisoftensaidthat.表示“据说；人们常说”。It为形式主语，指代that从句。句意：人们常说，人天生具有语言能力。,非人称转述结构,用不定式结构应注意以下两点：1)主谓一致污染被认为是一个非常严重的问题。Itisthoughtthatpollutionisaveryseriousproblem.Pollutionisthoughttobeaveryseriousproblem.据说海豚是非常友好的动物。Itissaidthatdolphinsareveryfriendlyanimals.Dolphinsaresaidtobeveryfriendlyanimals.,非人称转述结构,2)不定式的时态(1)如果转述的动作发生于转述的同一时间/还未发生，用不定式的一般式(todo)。据说他是这家公司的经理。Itissaidthatheisthemanagerofthecompany.Heissaidtobethemanagerofthecompany.他们恐怕会放弃。Itwasfearedthattheywouldgiveup.Theywerefearedtogiveup.,非人称转述结构,(2)如果转述的动作此时正在发生，用不定式的进行时(tobedoing)。据报道警察正在调查(lookinto)这起案件。Itisreportedthatthepolicearelookingintothiscase.Thepolicearereportedtobelookingintothiscase.,非人称转述结构,(3)如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，则用不定式的完成式(tohavedone)。人们猜想那架飞机被劫持(hijack)了。Itissupposedthattheplanewashijacked.Theplaneissupposedtohavebeenhijacked.人们知道那个小偷已经被逮捕了。Itisknownthatthethiefhasbeenarrested.Thethiefisknowntohavebeenarrested.,非人称转述结构,(2007辽宁)Thecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightof(看见)LiuXiang,whowasreported_theworldrecord(破世界纪录)inthe110meterhurdlerace.AbreakingBhavingbrokenCtohavebrokenDtobreak解析：选C。此题考查了sb.isreportedtodo结构。break这个动作发生在report之前，故用完成时态。,非人称转述结构,总结：非人称转述结构的不定式用法dosb./sth.besaidtohavedone,reported/thought/believed/known.,bedoing,同时/未发生正在发生在转述之前,非人称转述结构,注意：若转述的动词是suggest,order,require,demand等单词，从句需用(should)do形式。e.g.人们已经建议必须立即采取措施。(takemeasures)Itissuggestedthatmeasures_atonce.注意：,(should)betaken,解题思路：,分析句子结构明确动作发生的先后根据句意选择合适的答案,Itisknownthatheislateagain.Asisknown,heislateagain.,主语从句定语从句,非人称转述结构小练,1.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_assoonaspossible.(08陕西)A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending2.AIDSissaid_thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.(06湖北)A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatithasbeenD.tohavebeen,A,D,past,非人称转述结构小练,3.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement_.(江苏2007)A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreachedreachanagreement:达成协议4.ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards_forentertainmentandeducation.(辽宁2006)A.werebeingdesignedB.havedesignedC.havebeendesignedD.weredesigned,B,D,“设计”这一动作在过去已结束,非人称转述结构小练,5.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_tothefront.A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.besentD.mustgo6._intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.(上海2005)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires,C,C,(,),Whatisrequiredisthat,非人称转述结构小练,7.LeonardoDaVinci(1452-1519)_birdskeptincages(关在笼中的鸟)inordertohavethepleasureofsettingthemfree(释放).A.issaidtobebuyingB.issaidtohaveboughtC.hadsaidtobuyD.hassaidtohavebought8.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.(05江苏)A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft,B,A,(在转述之前已经离开舞台),非人称转述结构小练,9.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying比较:Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiesin.10.Policearenowsearc