语法讲解：同位语从句

同位语从句一定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如： I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here我不知道你在这里。二常见的可以跟同位语从句的词（抽象名词）news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。如： Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三常见引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如： l have no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.I gave the girl a big doll ,exactly what she longed to have.四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如： The news that l have passed the exam is true我通过了考试这一消息是真的。 （同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。） The news that he told me just now is true他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 （定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。） 2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如： The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。） The idea that he gave surprises many people他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 （that在从句中作gave的宾语。）（名词性从句）1. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (2007 上海卷) A. ThatB. WhatC. Whether D. Where2. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(2007 上海卷) A. whenB. whyC. whether D. that3. Could I speak to- is in charge of International Sales ,please? (2007 山东卷)Aanyone Bsomeone Cwhoever Dnomatter who 4._ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(2007 全国卷II)A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which5. You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.(2007 安徽卷) A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that6. Wheres that report? I brought it to you _you were in Mr.Blacks office yesterday.(2007 北京卷)A. if B. when C. because D. befor7. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. (2007 福建卷)A.how B.what C.whichD.when8. Having checked the doors were closed , and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.（2007 湖南卷） A. why B. that C. when D. where 9. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. （2007 江苏卷） A. whatB. whyC. how D. whether10. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. （2007 陕西卷）A.That B.Which C.WhatD.As11. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read（2007 上海春）AthatBwhatCwhich Dwhether12. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is . （2007 天津卷）A. what B. which C. how D. where13. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are.（2007 浙江卷） A. where B. what C. when D. why （08全国I卷）25. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt _ the season.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however（08山东卷）23. _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As（08北京卷）30. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who（08天津卷）12. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why （08重庆卷）25. People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved, in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how （08安徽卷）29. Students are always interested in finding out _ they can go with a new teacher. A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long（08福建卷）27. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which（08湖南卷）29. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which（08江西卷）34. Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural to provide food for more people.A. in which B. for whichC. so that D. in that（08浙江卷）4. _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who（08浙江卷）6. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.A. what B. that C. which D. one（08重庆卷）33. All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however(08上海卷)34. As his best friend , I can make accurate guesses about _he will do or think.A. what B. whichC. whomD. that(08上海卷)36. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that09重庆）11 Weshouldconsiderthestudents request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. whenC. which D. where【答案】A（09江苏）12.Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what【答案】D（09山东）13. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。（09安徽）1. a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It has B. They haveC. It remains D. There remains【答案】D（09湖南）2She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever【答案】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。（09江西）3. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though【答案】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。（09海南）4. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. whatC. whoever D. whatever【答案】C whoever既作了to的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词，any person whothe person who“任何人”、“无论谁”、“的人”。（09陕西）5. The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever【答案】D 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D（09海南）6. One of the most important questions they had to consider