2014英语简单句并列句课件

2014届高三英语语法复习（一）简单句和并列句,一.句子成分,简单句,指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分。1.Hehasgotridofhisbadhabit.2.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.3.Shedidntknowwhattodonext.4.Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.5.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.6.Thisisthebridgebuiltlastyear.7.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.8.Lighttravelsmostquickly.,（宾语）,（表语）,（宾语）,（宾补）,（前置定语）,（后置定语）,（宾语）,（状语）,9.Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.10.Toseeistobelieve.11.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?12.Theworkmaybedoneinaweek.13.Theytalkedhappilyintheroomlastnight.14.Attheageof16,DarwinwenttoEdinburghtostudymedicineandthreeyearslatertoCambridge.,（同位语）,（主语）,（双宾）,（谓语）,（状语）,（状语）,二、简单句一）定义：只有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。e.g.:HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.(并列主语，但仍然只有一个主谓结构)Wesanganddancedallnight.(并列谓语，但仍然只有一个主谓结构)其中，类似“Openthedoor.”和“Whatalovelyday！”这样的句式,虽然有没有主语或谓语,它们也是简单句的省略形式。,二）五种基本句型：,英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由这五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:句型一：主系表结构（主语+连系动词+表语）e.g.:他显得很不自在.(appear)_比尔看上去累了._注意常见的连系动词有：表状态存在：表状态延续：表状态变化：,Heappeareduneasy.,Billlookstired.,be,seem,appear,prove,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,remain,stay,keep,continue,become,grow,get,come,go,turn,句型二：主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）e.g.:小男孩笑了。_注意不及物动词没有直接宾语，但常带有_语。e.g.:那些鸟正飞过大楼上空。._他坐在后排._,Thelittleboysmiled.,状,Thebirdsareflyingoverthebuilding.,Hesitsinthebackrow.,句型三：主谓宾结构（主语+及物动词+宾语）e.g.:我喜欢流行音乐._他十年前开始学习英语._,Ilikepopularmusic.,HebeganlearningEnglishtenyearsago.,句型四：主谓双宾结构（主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾）e.g.:他教我们历史._父亲给我买了一辆新自行车._注意在此结构中，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。若要先说出直宾，后说间宾，则要借助于介词to或for。,Heteachesushistory.,Fatherboughtmeanewbicycle.,1)间接宾语前加to的常见的动词：bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,etc.e.g.:Ishowedhimmypictures.=_.Igavemycarawash.=_2)间接宾语前加for的常见的动词：buy,choose,fetch,get,make,order,paint,save,sing,cook，etc.e.g.:他给你买来了一本字典。_,Ishowedmypicturestohim.,Igaveawashtomycar.,Heboughtyouadictionary.,=Heboughtadictionaryforyou.,句型五：主谓宾补结构（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补）e.g.:我们必须保持房间清洁._他爱看男孩们踢足球._注意能带宾补的动词：感官动词：2)使让动词：3)其它：want,wishexpect,allow,permit,forbid,ask,order,adviseetc.,Helikestowatchtheboysplayingfootball.,Wemustkeeptheroomclean.,see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,feel,find,hear,listento,have,make,let,get,force,三）Therebe句型简单句的特殊句型此句型是由“_”构成，用以表达存在关系,意思是“_”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。1)Therebe句型中谓语动词要与主语保持一致。e.g.:There_atelevisioninthesittingroom.There_twogirlsandaboydancinginthehall.2)主语有修饰语时，修饰语要用_形式。e.gTherearemanypeople_(do)exercisesintheparkeverymorning.有很多事情要做。_.,there+be+主语+状语,有,is,非谓语,Thereweremanythingstobedone/todo.,are,doing,3)谓语也可以与其他动词组合。如：将来有therewillbe；thereis/aregoingtobe.现在已经有therehas/havebeen可能有theremightbe.肯定有theremustbe/theremusthavebeen.过去曾经有thereusedtobe似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobee.g.:过去这里曾有一家电影院。_这儿好像有点不大对劲。_.,Thereusedtobeacinemahere.,Thereseemstobesomethingwronghere.,此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等代替。e.g.:There_ahighbuildingonthecornerofthestreet.街角矗立着一座高楼。Onceuponatime_inthetown.从前城里住着一位老国王。,therelivedanoldking,stands,四）简单句+with复合结构1)with+名词/代词+名词（词组）Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,_manyofthemchildren.那次事故导致了两百人的死亡，其中有许多儿童。2)with+名词/代词+形容词（词组）Heisusedtosleeping_.他习惯开着窗睡觉。3)with+名词/代词+副词（词组）Shelefttheroom_.她离开了房间，灯却还亮着。,with,withthewindowsopen.,withallthelightson.,四）简单句+with复合结构4)with+名词/代词+介词（词组）Hewalkedintotheroom_他走进房间，手里拿着根手杖(stick)。5)with+名词/代词+ing分词（词组）_,Isucceededatlast.由于得到许多人的帮助，最终我成功了。,Withsomanypeoplehelpingme,withastickinhishand.,6)with+名词/代词+ed分词（词组）_,wewenttoChinaforaholiday.那项工作做完以后，我们就去中国度假了。7)with+名词/代词+不定式（词组）_,Ihavenotimeforaholiday.有很多工作要做，我没时间度假。,Withthejobfinished,Withsomuchworktodo,五）英语基本句型的推导：英语句子必须有谓语动词。他像他爸爸。(like)_这本书值得一读。(worth)_我反对你的意见。(against)_,Heislikehisfather.,Thebookisworthreading.,Imagainstyou.,2.一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为_或_。e.g.:Ihavealotofreadings_(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.However,youcanhavegreatpowerover_happenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.,非谓语,从句,tocomplete,what,3.英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型和Therebe句型构成。它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准，是英语写作、阅读的基础。4.注意基本句型与习惯表达。今天我玩得很开心。TodayIplayedhappily._时间不够了。Timewasnotenough._,Ihadagoodtimetoday.,Wedidnthaveenoughtime.,Exercises:判断下列句子属于何种句式Jackbecameaskilledtaxi-driversoon._2.Myheadaches._3.Thetempleneedscleaningandrepairing._4.Hefoundabirdinthetree._5.Theresnothingtobeashamedof._6.Wesanganddancedyesterdayevening._7.Theboytoldthepolicemanwherehelived._8.Hehadtoleavetherestaurantwiththedishuntouched._,(主系表),(主谓),(主谓宾),(主谓宾补),（Therebe句型）,(主谓),(主谓双宾),(主谓宾),二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空1.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_(go)on.2.Withareport_(write)，hecouldntgoshoppingwithhiswife.3.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedwithhiswork_(finish).4.Withallthefactors_(consider)，thisprojectisagoodone.,going,towrite,unfinished,considered,翻译下列句子,并说出该句属于何种句式。1.我经常在早晨读英语。_2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。_3.我的老师交给我一封信。_4.恰好附近有一位警察。_5.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。_,IoftenreadEnglishinthemorning.,主谓宾,Maryisacleverstudent.,主系表,Myteachergavemealetter.,主谓双宾,Therehappenedtobeapolicemannearby.,Therebe句型,Mymotheroftenasksmetostudyhard.,主谓宾补,6.我们叫我们的老师王先生._7.他正在房里做家庭作业。_8.有人在等他。_,WecallourteacherMr.Wang.,主谓双宾,Heisdoinghishomeworkintheroom.,Thereissomeonewaitingforhim.,主谓宾,Therebe句型,9.那位怀抱孩子的人就是我的姐姐。Thelady_ismysister.10.有向导为我们带路，我们会毫不费力地找到他的家。_，wewillhavenodifficultyfindinghishouse.11.她泪眼汪汪地离开了家乡。_.,withababyinherarms,Withaguidetoleadtheway,Sheleftherhometownwithhereyesfulloftears.,主系表,主谓宾补,主谓宾,并列句,一定义：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子，叫做并列句。二结构：简单句+并列连词/分号+简单句e.g.:Hewastired,sohewenttobed.(用并列连词，如and、but、so、yet等连接）Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.（用分号连接）前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。,and,nor,neither,notonlybutalso,neithernor,Pleaseworkhardandkeepfit.,but,while(而,然而)yet,still,however,Heisrich,butheisnthappy.,so,for,thus,therefore,Hestudiedhard,sohepassedtheexam.,or,otherwise,eitheror,not.but,oryoullbelate.,Exercises:用适当的并列连词填空1.Hurryup,_youllbelateforclass.2.Practisemore,_youllbeabletospeakEnglishbetter.3.Hedidntcometoschoolyesterday,_hewasill.4.Heisinhissixties,_hehasmadeuphismindtolearnasecondforeignlanguage.5.Itwasverycoldyesterday_westayedathome.6.OurEnglishteacherisaniceman,_everybodylikeshim.,and,or,for,but/yet,and/so,so/and,7._youarewrong_heis.8._doesshesingwell,_shedancesbeautifully.9.HehaslearntEnglishfortenyears,_heisnotverygoodatspokenEnglish.10.Onecannotseeair,_,itdoesexist.11.Youmusttakearest,_youwillloseyourhealth.12.Theyhadlosttheirwayintheforest,theycould_gofurther_turnback.,Either,Notonly,butalso,or,yet/but,however,otherwise,neither,nor,将句中的汉语译成英语1.Helookedaround,_.(但一个人也看不到)2.Workharder,_.(否则英语考试会不及格)3.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_(因为地面是湿的)4.Iwasverytired,_.(所以我很快睡着了),buthedidnotseeanybody.,oryoullnotpasstheEnglishexam.,forthegroundiswet.,soIfellasleepverysoon.,5._(他不但学习好),butalsoheworkswell.6.IlikeEnglish,_(我弟弟也喜欢)7.Workharder,_(不久你的英语会取得进步的),Notonlydoeshestudywell,sodoesmybrother.,andyoullmakesomeprogressinEnglishsoon.,三.基础写作以“如何学好英语”为题，写一篇五个句子的短文。包括下点，并尽量使用并列句。(短文的开头和结尾已写好)1.必须每天听英语材料2.听力是英语学习中最基本的一部分3.必须保证阅读练习，否则你在理解文章时速度会很慢4.每天早上背诵是很重要的。在课余大声朗读也有好处5.写作很必要。你不必写很多，但必须学会每一种写作类型的写作技巧6.遇到困难时，要保持冷静，不要放弃LearningEnglishisnotaneasyjobatall._Youshouldalwaysrememberthat“Nopains,nogains.”,LearningEnglishisnotaneasyjobatall.First,youmustkeeponlisteningtoEnglishmaterialseveryday,forlisteningisthebasicpartofEnglishlearning.Second,youshouldpracticereading/guaranteereadingpracticeoryouwillgetslowintheunderstandingofpassages.Third,itisofgreatimportancetoreciteEnglishinthemorninganditsalsogoodforyoutoreadloudlyinyoursparetime.Fourth,writingisnecessary;however,youdonthavetowritealotsolongasyoulearntheskillsofeverykindofwriting.Finally/Whatsmore,youshouldkeepcalmwhenyoumeetwithdifficultiesandnevergiveup.,Key:,复合句,英语的句子从结构上看可分为三种类型：1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句,复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。e.g.:Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.ThisisthecampuswhereIvebeenworkingfor2years.Whentheywerestilltalkingandlaughing,theteachercamein.主句和从句都有完整的_和_。主句是复合句的主体，可独立存在。从句常有_引导，起到修饰，说明主句的作用，不能独立存在。,关联词,主语,谓语,根据在句中的不同作用，从句可分为三大类：1_（包括_，_，_，和_）2_3_,名词性从句,宾语从句,表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,状语从句,Exercises:一.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohavesgoodlookatthemoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isntthere?,简单句,复合句,简单句,Exercises:一.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening